Research Article

Ranking G-20 Countries by Human Development Index Using Objective MCDM Techniques: An Integrated MEREC–EDAS Approach

Volume: 24 Number: 4 October 25, 2025
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Ranking G-20 Countries by Human Development Index Using Objective MCDM Techniques: An Integrated MEREC–EDAS Approach

Abstract

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite indicator that encompasses the fundamental dimensions of human development, namely health, education, and standard of living. This study aims to objectively rank G-20 countries according to their HDI indicators using 2023 data published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). An integrated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) framework combining the MEREC and EDAS methods was applied. Criterion weights were determined using the MEREC method, which assesses the marginal effect of each indicator, identifying gross national income per capita as the most influential criterion. Based on these weights, countries were ranked through the EDAS method. Results indicate that the United States, Germany, and Australia occupy the highest positions, while South Africa, Indonesia, and India rank lowest. These findings highlight the decisive role of economic prosperity, education, and health standards in shaping human development outcomes. Furthermore, the high consistency between EDAS-based rankings and the official HDI order confirms the validity and robustness of the proposed integrated approach, demonstrating its potential for objective, data-driven evaluation of multidimensional development performance.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Policy and Administration (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

October 19, 2025

Publication Date

October 25, 2025

Submission Date

December 7, 2024

Acceptance Date

October 10, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 24 Number: 4

APA
Arıkan Kargı, V. S. (2025). Ranking G-20 Countries by Human Development Index Using Objective MCDM Techniques: An Integrated MEREC–EDAS Approach. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(4), 1579-1603. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1597932
AMA
1.Arıkan Kargı VS. Ranking G-20 Countries by Human Development Index Using Objective MCDM Techniques: An Integrated MEREC–EDAS Approach. esosder. 2025;24(4):1579-1603. doi:10.17755/esosder.1597932
Chicago
Arıkan Kargı, V. Sinem. 2025. “Ranking G-20 Countries by Human Development Index Using Objective MCDM Techniques: An Integrated MEREC–EDAS Approach”. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24 (4): 1579-1603. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1597932.
EndNote
Arıkan Kargı VS (October 1, 2025) Ranking G-20 Countries by Human Development Index Using Objective MCDM Techniques: An Integrated MEREC–EDAS Approach. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24 4 1579–1603.
IEEE
[1]V. S. Arıkan Kargı, “Ranking G-20 Countries by Human Development Index Using Objective MCDM Techniques: An Integrated MEREC–EDAS Approach”, esosder, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 1579–1603, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.17755/esosder.1597932.
ISNAD
Arıkan Kargı, V. Sinem. “Ranking G-20 Countries by Human Development Index Using Objective MCDM Techniques: An Integrated MEREC–EDAS Approach”. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 24/4 (October 1, 2025): 1579-1603. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1597932.
JAMA
1.Arıkan Kargı VS. Ranking G-20 Countries by Human Development Index Using Objective MCDM Techniques: An Integrated MEREC–EDAS Approach. esosder. 2025;24:1579–1603.
MLA
Arıkan Kargı, V. Sinem. “Ranking G-20 Countries by Human Development Index Using Objective MCDM Techniques: An Integrated MEREC–EDAS Approach”. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 4, Oct. 2025, pp. 1579-03, doi:10.17755/esosder.1597932.
Vancouver
1.V. Sinem Arıkan Kargı. Ranking G-20 Countries by Human Development Index Using Objective MCDM Techniques: An Integrated MEREC–EDAS Approach. esosder. 2025 Oct. 1;24(4):1579-603. doi:10.17755/esosder.1597932

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