Volume: 24 Issue: 4 , 10/25/25

Year: 2025

Research Article

Erratum

Electronic Journal of Social Sciences (e-ISSN: 1304-0278) aims to contribute to science by publishing scientific studies in the field of Social Sciences. It aims to contribute to the spread of continuous professional development and research culture.

Our journal, which is independent, double blind peer-reviewed, open access and online, accepts academic studies written in Turkish and English. The manuscripts submitted to the journal should not have been published before or should not be in the evaluation process in another medium. The manuscripts that comply with the writing rules and the scope of the journal are sent to two referees who are experts in their fields for scientific evaluation. The Editorial Board follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) criteria and carries out the evaluation process by taking into account the comments of the referees.

Article Submissions
Original, unpublished manuscripts that are not in the evaluation process in another journal and whose content and submission have been approved by the author or authors are accepted for evaluation.

Readership
Target audience; academicians working in the field of social sciences and humanities, public and institutional employees, postgraduate education (master's, doctorate, proficiency in art, etc.), experts, researchers, speciality and doctoral students as well as students related to this field.

Publication Period
Electronic Journal of Social Sciences is published four issues a year in January, April, July and October.

Copyright
The copyrights of the works published in our journal belong to the authors. Authors give permission for their intellectual work to be published by our journal under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) licence. Authors are responsible for the ethical and legal responsibilities of the published work. In addition, after an article is published, the author(s) cannot withdraw the related work or publish it in another journal.

Scope of Publication:

Language, Communication and Culture
Linguistics, communication, culture etc. studies

Economy
Economic Theory
Macro Economics
Micro Economics
International Economics
Foreign Trade
Applied Economics

Architecture and Design
Visual Communication Design

Health Sciences
Health Services and Systems

Social and Humanities
Human Geography
Demographics
Policy and Management
Political Science
Social Policy
Philosophy, Psychology and Sociology
International Relations
Contemporary World History

Trade, Administration, Tourism and Services
Banking and Insurance
Finance and Investment
Gastronomy
Human Resources and Industrial Relations
Finance Studies
Accounting, Auditing and Financial Responsibility
Marketing
Strategy, Management and Organisational Behaviour
Commercial Services
Tourism

Railway Transport and Freight Forwarding Services
Sea Transport and Shipping Services
Air Freight and Transport Services
Road Transport and Freight Forwarding Services
Transport, Logistics and Supply Chains (Other)
International Trade

Articles sent to the journal with a request for publication are sent to two referees (double blind refereeing) by the editor. In case of need, it can also be sent to the 3rd or 4th referee. The relevant field editor reviews the submitted article. Manuscripts that do not comply with the spelling rules can be sent back to the author for correction. The publication process of the submitted articles varies according to the intensity of the field. However, the article should not be expected to be published in the first issue after the first submission date. The publication acceptance process can take an average of 3 months.

In the journal, similarity scanning is carried out using Intihal.net software. This rate is expected to be maximum 20% in the controls made during the pre-control phase.

1-The manuscripts submitted to the journal must not have been previously published or submitted to another journal for publication.

2-The manuscripts submitted for publication must be prepared in Turkish or English in accordance with the rules of academic writing.

3-Publication rights of all published works belong to the authors.

4-After the manuscripts submitted to the journal are examined by the relevant referees and given a ‘publishable’ report and approved by the editor, they are queued for publication.

5- Manuscripts that do not require correction by the referee or editor do not have to be sent back to the author, even for control purposes. However, the author himself/herself may request correction.

6-It is not recommended to add, sort, delete or rearrange author names in articles with more than one author. Such a request can only be made with the consent of the journal editor before the article is accepted for publication and after obtaining the approval of all authors. The responsibility belongs to the author who uploaded the article.

7-The relevant editor may make spelling corrections that he/she deems necessary. Again, the foreign language editor may correct the Abstract if deemed necessary.

8-Scientific studies and their attachments (photographs, figures, tables, etc.) should be written in Times New Roman 12 pt. 1 line spacing in Word programme (Abstract and Abstract 10 pt. 1 line spacing, first line of paragraph 0). Margin settings: top 2.5cm, left 2.5cm, right 2.5cm, bottom 2.5 cm, the first line of the paragraph should be 1.25 cm inside, the spacing between paragraphs: 0 pt. before, 6 pt. after. Main headings should be 12 pt. before and 6 pt. after, subheadings should be 6 pt. before and 6 pt. after. Subject headings should be numbered. There should be no blank lines between paragraphs.

9-Abstract (maximum 200 words), Keywords (5 keywords), Öz and anahtar Kelimeler should be placed at the beginning of the study. At the end of the article; Statement of Contribution of the Researchers, Statement of Support and Acknowledgment, if any, and Conflict Statement should be given.

10-Footnotes in the articles should be prepared in APA (American Psychological Association) or classical footnote format and given in the text. Complete bibliographic information should be provided for all references cited. It is recommended to use the Latin alphabet for all cited references (this is important for the impact factor of the citation). 

11- Abstract,  Keywords and References should be added to the metadata of the article. *

12- The opinions expressed in the articles published in the journal are binding on the authors. All legal responsibility of the articles belongs to the authors.

13- The articles published in the journal can be quoted with the condition of citing the source. It is recommended to cite the journal in the form of author, article name, Electronic Journal of Social Sciences (www.esosder.org), volume, number, year.

14-Copyrights are not paid for the published articles.

15- It is recommended that the scientific studies to be submitted should not exceed 20 pages.

16-Author information should not be given in the full text of the article. This information should be given on the Title Page (Article tag). If a completed thesis study is utilised in the study, information on this subject should also be given in the article colophon, but not in the full text.

17- The study to be submitted must be uploaded with the following files:
• Full text article without author name (file name, author names should not be like ‘ahmet-yilmaz.doc’, it can be like ‘esosder-tammetin.doc’ or ‘article-tammetin.doc’) *
• Article colophon (Article title, for each author; author name, title, institutional information, e-mail address, Orcid number, and information about permission for articles requiring ethics committee permission) * https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/journal/320/file-manager/31896/download 
Copyright agreement *
• Ethics committee report (https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/esosder/policy)

18- In scientific studies to be submitted to the journal, maximum attention should be paid to compliance with research and publication ethics.

19- For all kinds of communication, info@esosder.org address can be used. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/esosder/policy 

20- For article contribution and other issues, see About the Journal and Frequently Asked Questions.

21-Please check whether the following points have been made before submitting your article.

• Is the article prepared according to the journal writing rules?
• Is the Abstract/Öz less than 200 words? Are at least 3 and at most 5 Keywords/Anahtar Kelimeler given?
• Is the metadata (Abstract, Abstract, Keywords, Abstract, Keywords and References) of the article organised?
• Is the author of the full-text article anonymous?
• The full-text article name should be like ‘tammetin-esosder.doc’, there should be no author name or article name in the file name.
• When you right-click on the article file you will upload on your computer and select properties/details/authors from the window that opens, a space should be given in the author name. There should be no author name in this field.
• Is the imprint (title page) according to the template given? (Author title, institution, e-mail and Orcid information must be given)
• Is the copyright agreement signed and uploaded?
• Is the number of pages limited to 20-22?
• Is there a title such as method, findings, etc. (especially mandatory for research articles)?
• Is the Ethics Committee Permission document uploaded?
• Has the article contribution been paid?

*ARTICLES THAT DO NOT COMPLY WITH THESE RULES WILL NOT BE EVALUATED.

Publication Ethics Principles
Our journal adheres to national and international standards in research and publication ethics. It complies with the Press Law, the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works and the Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions. Our journal has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA). It also undertakes to comply with the decisions of the Turkish Editors' Workshop.
• Press Law (National Legislation)
• Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works (National Legislation)
• Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive (National Legislation)
• Transparency and Best Practice Principles in Academic Publishing (International Criteria)
• Turkey Editors' Workshop Decisions (National Criteria)

Actions contrary to scientific research and publication ethics:
Plagiarism: Presenting the ideas, methods, data, applications, writings, figures, or works of others as one's own, in whole or in part, without citing the owners in accordance with scientific rules.
Fabrication: Producing data that is not based on research, editing or altering a work that has been presented or published based on false data, reporting or publishing such data, or presenting research that has not been conducted as if it had been conducted,
Distortion: Falsifying research records and obtained data, presenting methods, devices, and materials that were not used in the research as if they were used, not evaluating data that does not fit the research hypothesis, manipulating data and/or results to fit relevant theories or assumptions, distorting or shaping research results in line with the interests of the individuals and institutions that provided support,
Republishing: Presenting multiple works containing the same results of a research as separate works in associate professorship exam evaluations and academic promotions,
Slicing: Presenting the results of a research as separate works in associate professorship exam evaluations and academic promotions by dividing them into parts in an inappropriate manner that disrupts the integrity of the research and publishing them in multiple publications without referencing each other,
Unfair authorship: Including individuals who did not actively contribute to the work as authors, excluding individuals who actively contributed to the work from the list of authors, changing the order of authors without justification or in an inappropriate manner, removing the names of individuals who actively contributed to the work during publication or in subsequent editions, or including one's name in the list of authors by using one's influence despite not having actively contributed to the work,
Other types of ethical violations: Failing to clearly indicate the individuals, institutions, or organizations that provided support for research conducted with their support, as well as their contributions to the research in the publications, failing to comply with ethical rules in research conducted on humans and animals, failing to respect patient rights in publications, sharing information contained in a work assigned for review as a referee with others before publication, using resources, facilities, opportunities, and equipment provided or allocated for scientific research for purposes other than those intended, making completely unfounded, baseless, and intentional allegations of ethical violations.

PUBLICATION ETHICS
Author(s);

Persons who have not made any contribution to the work during the scientific research and writing phase should not be listed as authors.
The same publication should not be submitted to more than one journal. Author(s) are advised (by TR Index) not to include the supervisor as the first author in studies produced from graduate theses. Author(s) are advised (by TR Index) to provide a Declaration of Contribution Ratio of the Researchers, a Statement of Support and Acknowledgement, if any, and a Conflict Statement at the end of the article. Author(s) should avoid unethical behaviours such as irresponsible authorship, piracy, fabrication, multiple publication, divisional publication, biased source, biased publication, violation of human-animal ethics. The author(s) should act in accordance with the citation system specified in the journal during the writing phase of the candidate article. Unpublished or unpresented works should not be cited as references. All or part of any work cannot be published without permission or reference (plagiarism). The author(s) should indicate the financial sources of the study, if any. The status of the article regarding ethical issues and ethics committee permissions should be clearly stated in the methods section of the relevant article.

Editor(s);
The editor(s) should pay attention to the absence of the names of the author(s) in the full-text article to be sent to the referees, and should not inform the referees of the names of the authors. The candidate is obliged to appoint at least two referees suitable for the subject of the article. The candidate should ensure communication between the referee(s) and the corresponding author, taking into account the double-blind refereeing process. They should maintain their relations in a transparent and objective manner without discriminating between any author and referee. They should not use their position for their own personal and academic interests. Provide clear and detailed justifications for candidate manuscripts that they will reject.
They should also consider scientific research, publication and referee ethics.

Reviewer(s);
Referees must be experts in the fields addressed by the candidate article.
They should make their criticisms objectively and clearly. Referees should not request to learn the names of the author(s) of the study they will evaluate, and considering that the study texts are personal, they should not be shared with third parties. They should not transfer information for their own work from the candidate article in the evaluation process and should not pursue any academic/personal interest.
For the candidate articles that they will reject, they should clearly and in detail state the reasons for rejection.
They should also consider the rules of scientific research and publication ethics. Referees must indicate their titles and names in the evaluation report.

NOTE: In rare cases where expertise is required, a member of the editorial board (other than the editor-in-chief) may be appointed as a referee. In such cases, the administrative role of the relevant board member in the journal is temporarily suspended, and their access to the entire editorial process of the work they are evaluating is restricted. This ensures that the principle of double-blind peer review is upheld, while also safeguarding the transparency and impartiality of the review process. The identities of authors and reviewers are kept confidential from one another, and utmost care is taken to avoid any potential conflicts of interest or bias. This practice is conducted in accordance with the principles of transparency, impartiality, and scientific ethics.

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
Scientific Research Ethics:

The following points should be taken into consideration for the ethics committee report:
Separate ethics committee approval must be obtained for research in social sciences and for clinical and experimental human and animal studies that require ethics committee approval, and this approval must be stated and documented in the article. Articles should include a statement that Research and Publication Ethics are complied with. In studies requiring Ethics Committee approval, information about the approval (name of the committee, date and number) should be included in the method section and also on the first/last page of the article. In case presentations, information on the signature of the informed consent/assent form should be included in the article.

Researches that require Ethics Committee approval are as follows:
All kinds of research conducted with qualitative or quantitative approaches that require data collection from participants using survey, interview, focus group study, observation, experiment, interview techniques. The use of humans and animals (including materials/data) for experimental or other scientific purposes, Clinical research on humans, Research on animals, Retrospective studies in accordance with the law on the protection of personal data. In addition; obtaining and indicating permission from the owners for the use of scales, questionnaires, photographs belonging to others, indicating that copyright regulations are complied with for the intellectual and artistic works used. Researchers who are not members of the university can apply to the Ethics Committees in their regions for the Ethics Committee Report.

The contribution fee (5000 TL) must be paid for the submitted work (regardless of the acceptance/rejection condition of the work). The peer review process will not be initiated for articles for which the contribution fee has not been paid.
Contribution fee:
- Editorial Processing Fee (2500 TL), covering secretarial, field editor and referee payments.
- Publication Fee (2500 TL), covering typesetting editor, final reading (abstract) editor, transfer to international indexes, etc.
For rejected/withdrawn articles, the publication fee portion (2500TL) of the contribution fee paid will be refunded to the author. In this case, the author must share their IBAN information via the journal's email address.

Publisher and Editor-in-Chief

Cahit Aydemir
Prof. Dr. Cahit AYDEMİR Düzce Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Web
Growth, Development Economics - Macro, Development Economics

Editors

Behçet Oral
Prof. Dr. Behçet ORAL Dicle Üniversitesi Web
Education, Curriculum Development in Education, Curriculum Evaluation in Education, Program Design, Learning Theories, In-Service Training, Readiness in Education, Curriculum Design Instructional Theories, Instructional Design, Instructional Technologies, Out-of-School Learning, Lifelong learning, Adult Education, Values ​​education, Philosophical and Social Foundations of Education, Psychological Foundations of Education, Multicultural Education, Teacher Education and Professional Development of Educators, Curriculum and Instration (Other), Child Development Education, Specialist Studies in Education (Other)

Field Editors

Hatip Yıldız
Prof. Dr. Hatip YILDIZ DİCLE ÜNİVERSİTESİ
History Education, Late Modern History, Late Modern Urban History, Late Modern Ottoman History, Late Modern Renewal History, Ottoman history
Rasim Soylu
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rasim SOYLU SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ Sanat Tasarım ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Temel Eğitim Bölümü
Fine Arts Education, Fine Arts
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Prof. Dr. Reha SAYDAN van yüzüncü yıl üniversitesi
Marketing
African Studies, Globalisation, Middle East Studies
Insurance Marketing
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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bünyamin HAN DUMLUPINAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Applied Linguistics and Educational Linguistics, Education, Education Management

Foreign Language Editor

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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bünyamin HAN DUMLUPINAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Applied Linguistics and Educational Linguistics, Education, Education Management

Editorial and Advisory Board

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Asst. Prof. Dr. Ömer ERGÜN DİCLE ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Tort Law
Law of Private Insurance, Commercial Law
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Prof. Dr. Ali Osman ALAKUŞ Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü
Fine Arts Education
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Prof. Dr. Ahmet TARCAN DİCLE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İLETİŞİM FAKÜLTESİ
South-East (Latest Uyghur/Uzbek) Turkic Dialects and Literatures, Linguistics, Child Language Acquisition, Sociolinguistics, French Language, Literature and Culture, Organisational, Interpersonal and Intercultural Communication, Psycholinguistics (Incl. Speech Production and Comprehension), Communication Psychology
Selim Erdoğan
Prof. Dr. Selim ERDOĞAN GAZİANTEP ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İKTİSADİ VE İDARİ BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ, MALİYE BÖLÜMÜ, MALİYE ANABİLİM DALI
Policy of Treasury
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Prof. Dr. Kurban ÜNLÜÖNEN ANKARA HACI BAYRAM VELI UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF TOURISM
Tourism Economics, Tourism

Ethic Editor

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Asst. Prof. Dr. Abdulaziz SEZER DÜZCE ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Marketing, Digital Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, Marketing Research Methodology, Sales Management, Consumer Behaviour, Product and Brand Management