Publication Ethics Principles
Our journal adheres to national and international standards in research and publication ethics. It complies with the Press Law, the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works and the Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions. Our journal has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA). It also undertakes to comply with the decisions of the Turkish Editors' Workshop.
• Press Law (National Legislation)
• Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works (National Legislation)
• Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive (National Legislation)
• Transparency and Best Practice Principles in Academic Publishing (International Criteria)
• Turkey Editors' Workshop Decisions (National Criteria)

Actions contrary to scientific research and publication ethics:
Plagiarism: Presenting the ideas, methods, data, applications, writings, figures, or works of others as one's own, in whole or in part, without citing the owners in accordance with scientific rules.
Fabrication: Producing data that is not based on research, editing or altering a work that has been presented or published based on false data, reporting or publishing such data, or presenting research that has not been conducted as if it had been conducted,
Distortion: Falsifying research records and obtained data, presenting methods, devices, and materials that were not used in the research as if they were used, not evaluating data that does not fit the research hypothesis, manipulating data and/or results to fit relevant theories or assumptions, distorting or shaping research results in line with the interests of the individuals and institutions that provided support,
Republishing: Presenting multiple works containing the same results of a research as separate works in associate professorship exam evaluations and academic promotions,
Slicing: Presenting the results of a research as separate works in associate professorship exam evaluations and academic promotions by dividing them into parts in an inappropriate manner that disrupts the integrity of the research and publishing them in multiple publications without referencing each other,
Unfair authorship: Including individuals who did not actively contribute to the work as authors, excluding individuals who actively contributed to the work from the list of authors, changing the order of authors without justification or in an inappropriate manner, removing the names of individuals who actively contributed to the work during publication or in subsequent editions, or including one's name in the list of authors by using one's influence despite not having actively contributed to the work,
Other types of ethical violations: Failing to clearly indicate the individuals, institutions, or organizations that provided support for research conducted with their support, as well as their contributions to the research in the publications, failing to comply with ethical rules in research conducted on humans and animals, failing to respect patient rights in publications, sharing information contained in a work assigned for review as a referee with others before publication, using resources, facilities, opportunities, and equipment provided or allocated for scientific research for purposes other than those intended, making completely unfounded, baseless, and intentional allegations of ethical violations.

PUBLICATION ETHICS
Author(s);
Persons who have not made any contribution to the work during the scientific research and writing phase should not be listed as authors.
The same publication should not be submitted to more than one journal. Author(s) are advised (by TR Index) not to include the supervisor as the first author in studies produced from graduate theses. Author(s) are advised (by TR Index) to provide a Declaration of Contribution Ratio of the Researchers, a Statement of Support and Acknowledgement, if any, and a Conflict Statement at the end of the article. Author(s) should avoid unethical behaviours such as irresponsible authorship, piracy, fabrication, multiple publication, divisional publication, biased source, biased publication, violation of human-animal ethics. The author(s) should act in accordance with the citation system specified in the journal during the writing phase of the candidate article. Unpublished or unpresented works should not be cited as references. All or part of any work cannot be published without permission or reference (plagiarism). The author(s) should indicate the financial sources of the study, if any. The status of the article regarding ethical issues and ethics committee permissions should be clearly stated in the methods section of the relevant article.

Editor(s);
The editor(s) should pay attention to the absence of the names of the author(s) in the full-text article to be sent to the referees, and should not inform the referees of the names of the authors. The candidate is obliged to appoint at least two referees suitable for the subject of the article. The candidate should ensure communication between the referee(s) and the corresponding author, taking into account the double-blind refereeing process. They should maintain their relations in a transparent and objective manner without discriminating between any author and referee. They should not use their position for their own personal and academic interests. Provide clear and detailed justifications for candidate manuscripts that they will reject.
They should also consider scientific research, publication and referee ethics.

Reviewer(s);
Referees must be experts in the fields addressed by the candidate article.
They should make their criticisms objectively and clearly. Referees should not request to learn the names of the author(s) of the study they will evaluate, and considering that the study texts are personal, they should not be shared with third parties. They should not transfer information for their own work from the candidate article in the evaluation process and should not pursue any academic/personal interest.
For the candidate articles that they will reject, they should clearly and in detail state the reasons for rejection.
They should also consider the rules of scientific research and publication ethics. Referees must indicate their titles and names in the evaluation report.

NOTE: In rare cases where expertise is required, a member of the editorial board (other than the editor-in-chief) may be appointed as a referee. In such cases, the administrative role of the relevant board member in the journal is temporarily suspended, and their access to the entire editorial process of the work they are evaluating is restricted. This ensures that the principle of double-blind peer review is upheld, while also safeguarding the transparency and impartiality of the review process. The identities of authors and reviewers are kept confidential from one another, and utmost care is taken to avoid any potential conflicts of interest or bias. This practice is conducted in accordance with the principles of transparency, impartiality, and scientific ethics.

ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
Scientific Research Ethics:
The following points should be taken into consideration for the ethics committee report:
Separate ethics committee approval must be obtained for research in social sciences and for clinical and experimental human and animal studies that require ethics committee approval, and this approval must be stated and documented in the article. Articles should include a statement that Research and Publication Ethics are complied with. In studies requiring Ethics Committee approval, information about the approval (name of the committee, date and number) should be included in the method section and also on the first/last page of the article. In case presentations, information on the signature of the informed consent/assent form should be included in the article.

Researches that require Ethics Committee approval are as follows:
All kinds of research conducted with qualitative or quantitative approaches that require data collection from participants using survey, interview, focus group study, observation, experiment, interview techniques. The use of humans and animals (including materials/data) for experimental or other scientific purposes, Clinical research on humans, Research on animals, Retrospective studies in accordance with the law on the protection of personal data. In addition; obtaining and indicating permission from the owners for the use of scales, questionnaires, photographs belonging to others, indicating that copyright regulations are complied with for the intellectual and artistic works used. Researchers who are not members of the university can apply to the Ethics Committees in their regions for the Ethics Committee Report.