KALKOLİTİK GÜLPINAR ÖĞÜTME TAŞLARININ KALINTI ANALİZLERİ

Abstract

Bu çalışma Kuzeybatı Anadolu Biga Yarımadası (Antik Troas Bölgesi) güneybatı ucunda bulunan Apollon Smintheus Kutsal Alanı (Smintheion) kazıları sırasında ortaya çıkan Erken Kalkolitik 2 ve Orta Kalkolitik dönem yerleşimleri buluntusu (Gülpınar II ve Gülpınar III) öğütme taşlarının öncül kalıntı analiz sonuçlarını sunmaktadır. Erken Kalkolitik 2 dönemine ait Gülpınar II yerleşimi radyokarbon tarihlemesine göre M.Ö. 5320-4940 tarihlerine sahipken bunun üzerine kurulan Orta Kalkolitik dönemine ait Gülpınar III yerleşimi M.Ö. 4930 ve 4450 arası radyokarbon tarihlerine sahiptir. Gülpınar’da 2004 ve 2014 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen 11 yıllık kazı sezonunda toplam 453 adet sürtme taş alet ve obje gün ışığına çıkarılmıştır. Bu çalışma ise Erken Kalkolitik 2 ve Orta Kalkolitik döneme ait 28 adet öğütme taşının kalıntı izi analizinden oluşmaktadır.

Son yıllarda arkeoloji biliminde taş aletler üzerinde kimyasal kalıntı izi analizleri yapılması yaygın bir uygulama olarak görülmektedir. Prehistorik Gülpınar öğütme taşlarının analizinde yaygın olarak kullanılan Gaz Kromatografisi/Kütle Spektro-metresi (GC-MS) kalıntı analizi metodu tercih edilmiştir. Kalkolitik Gülpınar örneklerinden elde edilen analiz ve ön değerlendirme sonuçları bu çalışmanın ana hatlarını oluşturmaktadır. Analiz sonuçları yenilebilir tohum ve tahılların içeriğinde eser miktarda bulunan pentakosan ve heptakosan gibi esansiyel yağlar ile ana yağ asitlerinden olan oktadekanoik (stearik) ve palmitik (oleik) lipit organik kalıntıları belirgin ölçüde tespit edilmiştir. Palmitik asit süt ürünleri ve hayvansal kökenli yağlarda bolca bulunan ana bileşenlerinden biridir. Analiz sonuçlarının prehistorik toplumların organik ve inorganik ham maddeleri nasıl bir öğütme işlemine tabi tuttuklarını açıklamayı amaçlayan yaklaşımlara katkı sunması beklenmektedir.

Keywords

• Kalkolitik,Gülpınar,Öğütme Taşı,Kalıntı Analizi,GC-MS

RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF GRINDING STONES FROM CHALCOLITHIC GÜLPINAR

Abstract

This study presents the preliminary results of residue analysis of grinding stones recovered from the Early Chalcolithic 2 and Middle Chalcolithic period settlements (Gülpınar II and Gülpınar III) in the Sanctuary of Apollo Smintheus (Smintheion), located in the southwestern corner of the modern Biga Peninsula (Ancient Troad) in north-western Anatolia. The Early Chalcolithic 2 period settlement at Gülpınar II has been dated to 5320-4940 BC, while the Middle Chalcolithic period settlement at Gülpınar III superimposing it has radiocarbon dates ranging between 4930 and 4450 BC. Excavations at Chalcolithic Gülpınar between 2004 and 2014 revealed a total of 453 ground stone tools. This work in this context residue analyze of total of 28 grinding stones that were uncovered from these two Early Chalcolithic 2 and Middle Chalcolithic cultural levels.

Chemical analysis of residue on stone tools has become a common research technique used in archaeology science. Chemical residues in and on the working surface of used grinding tools lead us to consider the context of the tool usage. The widely-used Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method was selected for analyses of the grinding stones from Chalcolithic Gülpınar. The chemical analysis and preliminary results obtained from Gülpınar samples are outlined in this study. Results show evidence of the distinctive lipid organic residues pentacosane and heptacosane as minor and trace constituents in some of the essential oils of edible crops and the major fatty acids of octadecanoic (stearic) and palmitic (oleic). Palmitic acid is also a major component of the oil found in dairy products and abundant in animal fat. These results may contribute to approaches that aim to explain how prehistoric societies carried out processing of organic and inorganic raw materials.

Keywords

• Chalcolithic,Gülpınar,Ground stone,Residue Analysis,GC-MS

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