KALKOLİTİK GÜLPINAR ÖĞÜTME TAŞLARININ KALINTI ANALİZLERİ

Yıl 2019, , 90 - 104, 15.01.2019

Abdulvahap Onur Bamyacı

https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.394134

Öz

Bu çalışma Kuzeybatı Anadolu Biga
Yarımadası (Antik Troas Bölgesi) güneybatı ucunda bulunan Apollon Smintheus
Kutsal Alanı (Smintheion) kazıları sırasında ortaya çıkan Erken Kalkolitik 2 ve
Orta Kalkolitik dönem yerleşimleri buluntusu (Gülpınar II ve Gülpınar III)
öğütme taşlarının öncül kalıntı analiz sonuçlarını sunmaktadır. Erken
Kalkolitik 2 dönemine ait Gülpınar II yerleşimi radyokarbon tarihlemesine göre
M.Ö. 5320-4940 tarihlerine sahipken bunun üzerine kurulan Orta Kalkolitik
dönemine ait Gülpınar III yerleşimi M.Ö. 4930 ve 4450 arası radyokarbon
tarihlerine sahiptir. Gülpınar’da 2004 ve 2014 yılları arasında
gerçekleştirilen 11 yıllık kazı sezonunda toplam 453 adet sürtme taş alet ve
obje gün ışığına çıkarılmıştır. Bu çalışma ise Erken Kalkolitik 2 ve Orta
Kalkolitik döneme ait 28 adet öğütme taşının kalıntı izi analizinden
oluşmaktadır.

Son yıllarda arkeoloji biliminde taş aletler üzerinde kimyasal
kalıntı izi analizleri yapılması yaygın bir uygulama olarak görülmektedir.
Prehistorik Gülpınar öğütme taşlarının analizinde yaygın olarak kullanılan Gaz
Kromatografisi/Kütle Spektro-metresi (GC-MS) kalıntı analizi metodu tercih
edilmiştir. Kalkolitik Gülpınar örneklerinden elde edilen analiz ve ön değerlendirme
sonuçları bu çalışmanın ana hatlarını oluşturmaktadır. Analiz sonuçları
yenilebilir tohum ve tahılların içeriğinde eser miktarda bulunan pentakosan ve heptakosan gibi esansiyel yağlar ile ana yağ asitlerinden olan
oktadekanoik (stearik) ve palmitik (oleik) lipit organik kalıntıları belirgin
ölçüde tespit edilmiştir. Palmitik asit süt ürünleri ve hayvansal kökenli
yağlarda bolca bulunan ana bileşenlerinden biridir. Analiz sonuçlarının prehistorik
toplumların organik ve inorganik ham maddeleri nasıl bir öğütme işlemine tabi
tuttuklarını açıklamayı amaçlayan yaklaşımlara katkı sunması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kalkolitik, Gülpınar, Öğütme Taşı, Kalıntı Analizi, GC-MS

RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF GRINDING STONES FROM CHALCOLITHIC GÜLPINAR

Öz

This study presents the preliminary results of residue
analysis of grinding stones recovered from the Early Chalcolithic 2 and Middle
Chalcolithic period settlements (Gülpınar II and Gülpınar III) in the Sanctuary
of Apollo Smintheus (Smintheion), located in the southwestern corner of the
modern Biga Peninsula (Ancient Troad) in north-western Anatolia. The Early
Chalcolithic 2 period settlement at Gülpınar II has been dated to 5320-4940 BC,
while the Middle Chalcolithic period settlement at Gülpınar III superimposing
it has radiocarbon dates ranging between 4930 and 4450 BC. Excavations at Chalcolithic
Gülpınar between 2004 and 2014 revealed a total of 453 ground stone tools. This
work in this context residue analyze of total of 28 grinding stones that were
uncovered from these two Early Chalcolithic 2 and Middle Chalcolithic cultural
levels.

Chemical analysis of residue on stone tools has become a
common research technique used in archaeology science. Chemical residues in and
on the working surface of used grinding tools lead us to consider the context
of the tool usage. The widely-used Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
method was selected for analyses of the grinding stones from Chalcolithic
Gülpınar. The chemical analysis and preliminary results obtained from Gülpınar
samples are outlined in this study. Results show evidence of the distinctive
lipid organic residues pentacosane
and heptacosane as minor and trace
constituents in some of the essential oils of edible crops and the major fatty
acids of octadecanoic (stearic) and palmitic (oleic). Palmitic acid is also
a major component of the oil found in dairy products and abundant in animal
fat. These results may contribute to approaches that aim to explain how
prehistoric societies carried out processing of organic and inorganic raw
materials.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Chalcolithic, Gülpınar, Ground stone, Residue Analysis, GC-MS

Kaynakça

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