AKADEMİSYENLERİN AKADEMİK BAŞARI ÇABALARINDA KURUMA SADAKAT, KISKANÇLIK VE İMRENME DAVRANIŞLARININ ETKİSİ: PLS-SEM İLE ÖLÇEK GELİŞTİRME

Year 2022, Volume: 21 Issue: 82, 695 - 717, 02.04.2022

Ahmet Mutlu Akyüz İbrahim Durmuş

https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.954254

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Üniversitelerde faaliyette bulunan akademisyenlerin akademik faaliyetlerine ilişkin başarı çabalarına etki edebilecek faktörlerin belirlenmesi önemli olabilir. Bu araştırmada akademisyenlerin kuruma sadakati ile çalışma arkadaşlarını kıskanma ve imrenme davranışlarının etkilerinin ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Literatürde genel olarak başarı ve çaba kavramlarının ayrı ayrı değerlendirildiği görülmektedir. Ayrıca ilgili çalışmaların genelinde imrenmenin olumsuz yönlerine vurgu yapılmıştır. Araştırmada literatürden farklı olarak akademisyenin akademik başarı çabası bir bütün olarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca akademisyenin imrenme davranışının (kültürel açıdan) olumlu yönlerine vurgu yapılarak araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarında, akademisyenin kurumuna olan sadakati akademik başarı çabasının artmasına yol açmıştır. Akademisyenin kurumuna olan sadakati çalışma arkadaşını kıskanma davranışının azalmasına yol açmıştır. Akademisyenin çalışma arkadaşını kıskanma davranışı akademik başarı çabasının azalmasına yol açmıştır. Akademisyenin çalışma arkadaşına imrenme davranışı akademik başarı çabasının artmasına yol açmıştır. Son olarak akademisyenin kurumuna olan sadakati ile akademik başarı çabası ilişkisinde çalışma arkadaşını kıskanması ara değişken olarak rol oynamıştır.

Keywords

: Akademik Başarı Çabası, Kuruma Sadakat, Kıskançlık, İmrenme.

THE EFFECT OF ACADEMICS’ LOYALTY TO THEIR INSTITUTIONS, JEALOUSY AND ENVY BEHAVIOURS ON THEIR ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT EFFORTS: SCALE DEVELOPMENT WITH PLS-SEM

Abstract

It may be important to determine the factors that may affect the academic activities of academicians working at universities. It was aimed to measure the effects of academicians’ organizational loyalty, jealousy and envy behaviours in this study. In the literature, it is seen that the concepts of success and effort are generally evaluated separately. In addition, the negative aspects of envy were emphasized throughout the relevant studies. Unlike the literature, the academic success effort of the academicians was examined as a whole in the research. In addition, the research was carried out by emphasizing the positive aspects of the envy behaviour of the academicians (culturally). In the results of the research, the loyalty of the academicians to his institution has led to an increase in the effort for academic success. The loyalty of academics to their institution has led to a decrease in envious behaviours of their colleagues. The envy behaviour of academics for their colleagues has led to an increase in academic success efforts. Finally, jealousy of their colleagues played a role as an intervening variable in the relationship between the academicians’ loyalty to their institutions and their effort for academic success.

Keywords

Academic Success Effort, Loyalty to Institution, Jealousy, Envy

References

• Abbas, M. (2017). The Effect of Organizational Culture and Leadership Style towards Employee Engagement and Their Impact towards Employee Loyalty. Asian Journal of Technology and Management Research, 7(2), 1-11.
• Afthanorhan, W. M. A. B. W. (2013). A Comparison of Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Covariance Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) for Confirmatory Factor Analysis. International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology, 2(5), 198-205.
• Alvesson, M. (2000). Social Identity and the Problem of Loyalty in Knowledge-Intensive Companies. Journal of Management Studies, 37(8), 1101-1123.
• Anderson MD, R. (1987). Envy and Jealousy. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 1(4), 49-82.
• Andiappan M. ve Dufour, L. (2020). Jealousy at Work: A Tripartite Model. Academy of Management Review, 45(1), 205-229.
• Aondo, R. M., Ngui, T. ve Okeyo, W. (2020). The Intervening Role of Staff Loyalty on the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership Style and Performance of Chartered Universities in Kenya. African Journal of Emerging Issues, 2(9), 51-75.
• Archer, L. (2008). Younger Academics’ Constructions of ‘Authenticity’, ‘Success’ and Professional Identity. Studies in Higher Education, 33(4), pp. 385-403.
• Arqawi, S. M., Al Hila, A. A., Naser, S. S. A. ve Shobaki, M. J. A. (2018a). Beyond the Interactive and Procedural Justice of the Heads from Departments and Their Relationships to Organizational Loyalty from the Point of view of the Faculty Staff’. International Journal of Academic Management Science Research, 2(10), 1-18.
• Arqawi, S. M., Al Hila A. A., Naser, S. S. A. ve Shobaki M. J. A. (2018b). Interactive Justice as an Approach to Enhance Organizational Loyalty among Faculty Staff At Palestine Technical University-(Kaddorei). International Journal of Academic Information Systems Research, 2(9), 17-28.
• Arlı, N. B., Aydemir, M. ve Aral, N. (2018). Self-Esteem, Empathy and Jealousy in The Workplace. 38th International Academic Conference, (11 June), Prague, 30-34.
• Baron, R. M. ve David, A. K. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
• Barrick, M. R., Stewart, G. L. ve Piotrowski, M. (2002). Personality and Job Performance: Test of the Mediating Effects of Motivation Among Sales Representatives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 1-9.
• Bedeian, A. G. (1995). Workplace Envy. Organizational Dynamics, 23(4), 49-56.
• Belk, R. (2011). Benign Envy. AMS Review, 1, 117-134.
• Brooks, A. W., Huang K., Abi-Esber, N., Buell, R. W., Huang, L. ve Hall, B. (2019). Mitigating Malicious Envy: Why Successful Individuals Should Reveal Their Failures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 148(4), 667-687.
• Cancian, F. M. (1993), Conflicts Between Activist Research and Academic Success: Participatory Research and Alternative Strategies. The American Sociologist/Spring, 92-106.
• Cleary, M., Walter, G., Halcomb, E. ve Lopez, V. (2016). An Examination of Envy and Jealousy in Nursing Academia. Nurse Researcher, 23(6), 14-19.
• Cohen, J. (1988), Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, Second (Ed.) Multiple Regression and Correlation Analysis, Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates (407-444 içinde), 2nd ed. (ISBN 0-8058-0283-5), Printed in the United States of America.
• Cohen-Charash, Y. ve Larson, E. C. (2017). An Emotion Divided: Studying Envy is Better Than Studying ‘Benign’ and ‘Malicious’ Envy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26(2), 174-183.
• Cooman, R. D., Gieter, S. D., Pepermans, R., Jegers, M. ve Acker, F. W. (2009). Development and Validation of the Work Effort Scale. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25(4), 266-273.
• Covington, M. V. ve Omelich C. L. (1979). It’s Best to be Able and Virtuous Too: Student and Teacher Evaluative Responses to Successful Effort. Journal of Educational Psychology, 71(5), 688-700.
• Crisan, E. L. (2021). Academics Career Success: The Impact of Organizational Context and Individual Variables. Rajagiri Management Journal, 1-15.
• Dearlove, J. (2002). A Continuing Role For Academics: The Governance of UK Universities in the Post-Dearing Era. Higher Education Quarterly, 56(3), 257-275.
• Delpriore, D. J., Hill, S. E. ve Buss D. M. (2012). Envy: Functional Specificity and Sex-Differentiated Design Features. Personality and Individual Differences, 53, 317-322.
• Dijkstra, T. K. ve Henseler, J. (2015). Consistent Partial Least Squares Path Modeling. Mis Quarterly, 39(10), 1-20.
• Ding, D., Lu, H., Song, Y. ve Lu, Q. (2012). Relationship of Servant Leadership and Employee Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Employee Satisfaction. IBusiness, 4, 208-215. Dogan, K. ve Vecchio, R. P. (2001). Managing Envy and Jealousy in the Workplace. Compensation & Benefits Review, 33(2), 57-64.
• Elphinston, R. A., Feeney, J. A. ve Noller, P. (2011). Measuring Romantic Jealousy: Validation Of The Multidimensional Jealousy Scale İn Australian Samples. Australian Journal Of Psychology, 63, 243-251.
• Errassafi, M., Abbar, H. ve Benabbou, Z. (2019). The Mediating Effect of Internal Integration on the Relationship between Supply Chain Integration and Operational Performance: Evidence from Moroccan Mnufacturing Companies. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 12(2), 254-273.
• Feather, N. T.(1992). An Attributional and value Analysis of Deservingness in Success and Failure Situations. British Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 125-145.
• Feather, N. T. (1994). Attitudes toward High Achievers and Reactions to Their Fall: Theory and Research Concerning Tall Popies. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 1-73.
• Ferreira, K. ve Botelho, D. (2017). Why Do They Have It and Not I? Envy and Consumption. Latin America Advances in Consumer Research, 4, 108-113.
• Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
• Graaf, G. D. (2011). The Loyalties of Top Public Administrators. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory: J-PART, 21(2), 285-306.
• Greene, J., Stockard, J., Lewis P. ve Richmond, G. (2010). Is the Academic Climate Chilly? The Views of Women Academic Chemists. Journal of Chemical Education, 87(4), 381-385.
• Gudeta, T. G. (2018). The Role of Organisational Climate in Determining Academicians Organisational Loyalty. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 21(11), 1-12.
• Guerrero, L. K., Trost, M. R. ve Yoshimura, S. M. (2005). Romantic Jealousy: Emotions and Communicative Responses. Personal Relationships, 12, 233-252.
• Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M. ve Sardest, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed A Silver Bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-151.
• Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M. ve Sardest, M. (2013). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results and Higher Acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46, 1-12.
• Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M. ve Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and How to Report the Results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24.
• Hair, J. F., Sardest, M., Hopkins, L. ve Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121.
• Hajdin, M. (2005). Employee Loyalty: An Examination. Journal of Business Ethics, 59, 259-280.
• Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M. ve Sarstedt, M. (2015). A New Criterion for Assessing Discriminant Validity in Variance-Based Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115-135.
• Henseler, J., Hubona, G. ve Ray, P. A. (2016). Using PLS Path Modeling in New Technology Research: Updated Guidelines. Industrial Management & Data System, 116(1), 2-20.
• Hamid, M. R. A., Sami, W. ve Sidek, M. H. M. (2017). Discriminant Validity Assessment: Use of Fornell & Larcker Criterion versus HTMT Criterion. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 890, 1-5.
• Hill, S. E., Delpriore, D. J. ve Vaughan, P. W. (2011). The Cognitive Consequences of Envy: Attention, Memory, and Self-Regulatory Depletion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(4), 653-666.
• Hill, S. E. ve Buss, D. M. (2008). The Evolutionary Psychology of Envy, iç. R. H. Smith (Ed.), Series in Affective Science, Envy: Theory and Research, Oxford University Press, 60-70.
• Hu, L-T. ve Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff Criteria for fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
• Ineson, E. M., Benke, E. ve Laszlo, J. (2013). Employee Loyalty in Hungarian Hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 32, 31-39.
• Jaremko, M. E. ve Lindsey, R. (1979). Stress-Coping Abilities of Individuals High and Low in Jealousy. Psychological Reports, 44, 547-553.
• Kazmi, S. H. A., Raza, M. ve Ahmed, J. (2020). Impact of Destination Service Quality on Revisit Intention in Tourism. Journal of Organisational Studies and Innovation, 7(3), 26-45.
• Kenny, J. (2017). Academic Work and Performativity. Higher Education, 74(5), 897-913.
• Khalid, S., Irshad, M. Z. ve Mahmood, B. (2012). Job Satisfaction among Academic Staff: A Comparative Analysis between Public and Private Sector Universities of Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(1), 126-136.
• Khoshmaram, M., Zarafshani, K., Alibaygi, A. ve Mirakzadeh, A. (2017). Exploring the Role of Social Capital in Agricultural Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition: Application of Smart PLS. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 7(4), 395-406.
• Kock, N. ve Hadaya, P. (2018). Minimum Sample Size Estimation in PLS-SEM: The Inverse Square Root and Gamma-Exponential Methods. Information Systems Journal, 28, 227-261.
• Koçak, D. (2019). Akademik Kıskançlık Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 10(4), 467-479.
• Kristjansson, K. (2016). A Philosophical Critique of Psychological Studies of Emotion: The Example of Jealousy. Philosophical Explorations, 19(3), 238-251.
• Lange, J., Paulhus, D. L. ve Crusius, J. (2018). Elucidating the Dark Side of Envy: Distinctive Links of Benign and Malicious Envy With Dark Personalities, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(4), 601-614.
• Lange, J., Weidman, A. C. ve Crusius, Jan (2018). The Painful Duality of Envy: Evidence for an Integrative Theory and a Meta-Analysis on the Relation of Envy and Schadenfreıde. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 114(4), 572-598.
• Leahy, R. L. (2020). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Envy. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1-10.
• Lieblich, A. (1971). Antecedents of Envy Reaction. Journal of Personality Assessment, 35(1), 92-98.
• Maccann, C., Fogarty, G. J., Zeidner, M. ve Roberts, R. D. (2011). Coping Mediates the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Academic Achievement. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36, 60-70.
• Mahasneh, M. S. M. ve Yamin, M. A. Y. (2017). Impact of Human Resources Information System on the Organizational Loyalty of Health Organizations Employees in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia. The International Journal of Business & Management, 5(9), 75-84.
• Miceli, M. ve Castelfranchi, C. (2007). The Envious Mind. Cognition and Emotion, 21(3), 449-479.
• Mikulincer M., Bizman, A. ve Aizenberg, R. (1989). An Attributional Analysis of Social-Comparison Jealousy. Motivation and Emotion, 13(4), 235-258.
• Moore, F. (2007). Work-Life Balance: Contrasting Managers and Workers in an MNC. Employee Relations, 29(4), 385-399.
• Mosquera, P. M. R., Parrott, W. G. ve Mendoza, A. H. D. (2010). I Fear Your Envy, I Rejoice in Your Coveting: On the Ambivalent Experience of Being Enviedy by Others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(5), 842-854.
• Naus, F., Iterson, A. V. ve Roe, R. (2007). Organizational Cynicism: Extending the Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and Neglect Model of Employees Responses to Adverse Conditions in the Workplace. Human Relations, 60(5), 683-718.
• Parrott, W. G. ve Smith, R. H. (1993). Distinguishing the Experiences of Envy and Jealousy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(6), 906-920.
• Pfeiffer, S. ve Wong, P. T. P. (1989). Multidimensional Jealousy. Journal Of Social And Personal Relationships, 6, 181-196.
• Pines, A. ve Aronson, E. (1983). Antecendents, Correlates, and Consequences of Sexual Jealousy. Journal of Personality, 51(1), 108-136.
• Poff, D. C. (2004). Challenges to Integrity in University Administration: Bad Faith and Loyal Agency. Journal of Academic Ethics, 2, 209-219. Polat, Y. B. (2017). Haset, İmrenme ve Kıskançlık Duygu Durumlarının Ayrıştırılması. Aydın Toplum ve İnsan Dergisi, 3(2), 29-42.
• Preko, A. ve Adjetey, J. (2013). A Study on the Concept of Employee Loyalty and Engagement on the Performance of Sales Executives of Commercial Banks in Ghana. International Journal of Business Research and Management, 4(2), 51-62.
• Razali, N. S. M., Zahari, M. S. M., Ismail, T. A. T. ve Jasim, A. R. (2018). Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Job Loyalty among Five-Star and Four-Star Hotel Employees. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(15), 14-32.
• Rentzsch, K., Schroder-Abe, M. ve Schutz, A. (2015). Envy Mediates the Relation Between Low Academic Self-Esteem and Hostile Tendencies. Journal of Research in Personality, 58, 143-153.
• Richard, J. E., Plimmer, G., Fam, K-S. ve Campbell, C. (2015). Publishing Success of Marketing Academics: Antecedents and Outcomes. European Journal of Marketing, 49(1/2), 123-145.
• Ringle, C. M., Silva, D. D. ve Bido, D. (2014). Structural Equation Modeling with the SmartPLS. Brazilian Journal of Marketing, 13(2), 56-73.
• Salovey, P. ve Rodin, J. (1984). Some Antecedents and Consequences of Social-Comparison Jealousy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(4), 780-792.
• Schrag, B. (2001). The Moral Significance of Employee Loyalty. Business Ethics Quarterly, 11(1), 41-66.
• Silver, M. ve Sabini, J. (1978). The Social Construction of Envy. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 8(3), 313-332.
• Sleimi, M. T. ve Emeagwali, O. L. (2017). Do Employee Attitudes Mediate the Relationship between Strategic Human Resource Management Practices and Organizational Effectiveness? A SEM Based Investigation using Smart-PLS Software. Business and Economic Horizons, 13(1), 42-59.
• Smith, R. H, Parrott, W. G., Diener, E., Hoyle, R. H. ve Kim, S. H. (1999). Dispositional Envy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(8), 1007-1020.
• Streukens, S. ve Leroi-Werelds, S. (2016). Bootstrapping and PLS-SEM: A Step-by-step Guide to get more out of your Bootstrap Result. European Management Journal, 34, 618-632.
• Tai, K., Narayanan, J. ve Mcallister, D. J. (2012). Envy as Pain: Rethinking the Nature of Envy and Its Implications for Employees and Organizations. The Academy of Management Review, 37(1), 107-129.
• Tesser, A. ve Collins, J. E. (1988). Emotion in Social Reflection and Comparison Situations: Intuitive, Systematic, and Exploratory Approaches, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(5), 695-709.
• Thompson, G., Buch, R. ve Glaso, L. (2018). Follower Jealousy at Work: A Test of Vecchio’s Model of Antecedents and Consequences of Jealousy. The Journal of Psychology, 152(1), 60-74.
• Timmermans, J. A. ve Sutherland, K. (2020). Wise Academic Development: Learning from the ‘failure’ Experiences of Retired Academic Developers. International Journal for Academic Development, 25(1), 43-57.
• Titelman, P. (1981). A Phenomenological Comparison Between Envy and Jealousy. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 189-204.
• Vecchio, R. P. (2000). Negative Emotion in the Workplace: Employee Jealousy and Envy. International Journal of Strees Management, 7(3), 161-179.
• Ven, N. V. D., Zeelenberg, M. ve Pieters, R. (2009). Leveling Up and Down: The Experiences of Benign and Malicious Envy. Emotion, 9(3), 419-429.
• Ven, N. V. D., Zeelenberg, M. ve Pieters, R. (2011). Why Envy Outperforms Admiration. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(6), 784-795.
• Ven, N. V. D., Zeelenberg, M. ve Pieters, R. (2012). Appraisal Patterns of Envy and Related Emotions. Motivation and Emotion, 36, 195-204.
• Wan, H. L. (2002). Employee Loyalty at the Workplace: The Impact of Japanese Style of Human Resource Management. International Journal of Applied HRM, 3(1), 1-17.
• Wroge, D. (2008). Whistleblowers: Loyal Corporate Employee or Disloyal Employee? Communication and Theater Association of Minnesota Journal, 35(1), 1-14.
• Yalcın, S. ve Yalcın, S. A.(2017). Difficulties Encountered by Academicians in Academic Research Processes in Universities. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(6), 143-153.
• Yılmaz, V. ve Kınaş, Y. (2020). Kısmi En Küçük Kareler Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesiyle Bir Elektrik Dağıtım Şirketinin Hizmet Kalitesinin Araştırılması. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 15(12), 437-456.
• York, T. T., Gibson, C. ve Rankin, S. (2015). Defining and Measuring Academic Success. Practial Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 20(5), 1-20.
• Zhao, X., Lync, J. G. ve Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197-206.