CHANGES OCCURED IN DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS POLICIES OF LAST CENTURY AND TODAY’S PROMINENT ISSUES

Year 2022, Volume: 21 Issue: 84, 2079 - 2102, 08.10.2022

Atila Bedir

https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1077383

Abstract

Development economy policies, in other words, the policy preferences of countries for economic and social development, especially growth, are shaped within the framework of the conditions of every period from the past to the present, mainly after the Second World War, and the climate of economic thought that came to the fore in these periods. The aim of this study is to examine the changes in economic policies, more precisely in development economy policies, in the last century and to examine the underlying issues of the main policy changes in this period. Furthermore, the prominent issues in today's development economy policies, which are shaped by the effects of the inequalities experienced and the problems encountered at the national and international level, are discussed. In this study, a chronological process is followed as a method, and it is tried to establish the cause and effect connections of the main policy change or preferences. Strengthening the inclusiveness of sustainable development and growth gains importance in today's development economy policies. The need for increasing competitiveness in the economy, acquiring professional skills in line with the changing labor demand and effective social protection systems is increasing. There is an increase in process operation based on plans, programs and strategies in the functioning of economies, although it is different from the planned development models of the 1960s. At this point, it is seen that a more balanced development process in economic, social and environmental issues is aimed instead of the efficiency, growth and stability-based policies implemented after 1980.

Keywords

Macroeconomy, Development economics, import substitution, Washington consensus, inclusive growth, social protection

GELİŞME EKONOMİSİ POLİTİKALARINDA SON YÜZYILDA YAŞANAN DEĞİŞİM VE GÜNÜMÜZDE ÖNE ÇIKAN HUSUSLAR

Abstract

Gelişme ekonomisi politikaları, başka bir ifadeyle büyüme başta olmak üzere ülkelerin iktisadi ve sosyal kalkınma amaçlı politika tercihleri, esasen İkinci Dünya savaşı sonrasında olmak üzere, geçmişten günümüze her dönemin şartları ve bu dönemlerde öne çıkan iktisat düşünce iklimi çerçevesinde şekillenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, son yüzyılda iktisat politikalarında, daha tanımlı ifadeyle gelişme ekonomisi politikalarında yaşanan değişimin incelenmesi ve bu süreçte yaşanan temel politika değişikliklerinin altında yatan hususların irdelenmesidir. Ayrıca ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde karşılaşılan sorunlar ve yaşanılan eşitsizliklerin de etkisiyle şekillenen günümüz gelişme ekonomisi politikalarında öne çıkan hususlar ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada yöntem olarak kronolojik bir süreç izlenmekte, temel politika değişimi ya da tercihlerinin neden ve sonuç bağlantılarının kurulmasına çalışılmaktadır. Günümüz gelişme ekonomisi politikalarında sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve büyümenin kapsayıcılık niteliğinin güçlendirilmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Ekonomide rekabet gücünün artırılması, değişen işgücü talebine uygun mesleki beceri kazanımı ve etkin sosyal koruma sistemlerine olan ihtiyaç artmaktadır. 1960’lı yılların planlı kalkınma modellerinden farklı olmakla birlikte, ekonomilerin işleyişinde plan, program ve stratejilere dayalı süreç işletiminde artış yaşanmaktadır. Gelinen noktada, 1980 sonrası uygulanan etkinlik, büyüme ve istikrar esaslı politikalar yerine iktisadi, sosyal ve çevresel konularda daha dengeli bir gelişme sürecinin amaçlandığı görülmektedir.

Keywords

Makro iktisat, gelişme ekonomisi, ithal ikamesi, Washington uzlaşısı, kapsayıcı büyüme, sosyal koruma

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