Research Article
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INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARBON EMISSIONS AND ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE SALES

Year 2024, Volume: 23 Issue: 91, 1192 - 1209, 25.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1452405

Abstract

Electric vehicles are vehicles that do not emit harmful emissions to the environment and operate on electrical energy. With developing technology and increasing awareness, electric vehicles are rapidly increasing their popularity as environmentally friendly transportation alternatives. Furthermore, electric vehicle sales in Turkey, are increasing rapidly. This study aims to examine the relationship between electric vehicle sales and carbon emissions and energy consumption using data from January 2019 to November 2022. The study first started with the Fourier-ADF unit root test. In the next stage, Fourier-Granger and Fourier-Toda-Yamamoto causality tests were calculated according to the stationarity levels in the levels. According to the results, it was determined that there is a bidirectional causality relationship between electricity consumption and electric vehicle sales. After the causality tests were completed, the cointegration test was started. Fourier ARDL cointegration test was used to determine the cointegration relationship between carbon emissions and electric vehicle sales. Fourier ADL cointegration tests were applied for electric vehicle sales and electricity consumption, which show the same level of stationarity. According to the results, a cointegration relationship was found between electric vehicle sales and electricity consumption. In line with these results, FMOLS Fourier Cointegration coefficient estimate was calculated.

References

  • Bakogiannis, E., Siti, M., Tsigdinos, S., Vassi, A., Ve Nikitas, A., 2019. Monitoring The First Dockless Bike Sharing System İn Greece: Understanding User Perceptions, Usage Patterns And Adoption Barriers. Research İn Transportation Business ve Management, 33, 100432.
  • Banerjee, P., Arčabić, V., & Lee, H. (2017). Fourier ADL Cointegration Test To Approximate Smooth Breaks With New Evidence From Crude Oil Market, Economic Modelling, 67, 114-124.
  • Batırlık, S. N., Zeren, F. & Gençer, Y. G. (2023). Faiz Oranı, Döviz Kuru ve Ekonomik Büyümenin Otomobil Satışları Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Türkiye Örneği. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16 (3), 862- 869. DOI: 10.25287/Ohuiibf.1270906
  • Bellocchi, S., Gambini, M., Manno, M., Stilo, T., Vellini, M., 2018. Positive İnteractions Between Electric Vehicles And Renewable Energy Sources İn CO2-Reduced Energy Scenarios: The Italian Case. Energy 161, 172–182.
  • Bouguerra, S., Ve Layeb, S.B., 2019. Determining Optimal Deployment Of Electric Vehicles Charging Stations: Case Of Tunis City, Tunisia. Case Studies On Transport Policy, 7(3), 628-642.
  • Cai, H., Jia, X., Chiu, A. S. F., Hu, X. Ve Xu, M. (2014). Siting Public Electric Vehicle Charging Stations İn Beijing Using Big-Data İnformed Travel Patterns Of The Taxi Fleet. Transportation Research Part D: Transport And Environment, 33, 39–46.
  • Casals, L.C., Martinez-Laserna, E., García, B.A., Nieto, N., 2016. Sustainability Analysis Of The Electric Vehicle Use İn Europe For CO2 Emissions Reduction. Journal Of Cleaner Production 127, 425–437.
  • Chau, K. T., Wong, Y. S., & Chan, C. C. (1999). An Overview Of Energy Sources For Electric Vehicles. Energy Conversion And Management, 40(10), 1021-1039.
  • Christopoulos, D. K. And Leon-Ledesma, M. A. (2011). International Output Convergence, Breaks, And Asymmetric Adjustment. Studies İn Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, 15(3).
  • Costa, C. M., Barbosa, J. C., Gonçalves, R., Castro, H., Del Campo, F. J., & Lanceros-Méndez, S. (2021). Recycling And Environmental İssues Of Lithium-İon Batteries: Advances, Challenges And Opportunities. Energy Storage Materials, 37, 433-465.
  • Dong, K., Dong, X., Jiang, Q., 2020. How Renewable Energy Consumption Lower Global CO2 Emissions? Evidence From Countries With Different İncome Levels. The World Economy 43 (6), 1665–1698.
  • Doucette, R.T., Mcculloch, M.D., 2011. Modeling The Prospects Of Plug-İn Hybrid Elec- Tric Vehicles To Reduce CO2 Emissions. Applied Energy 88, 2315–2323.
  • Enders, W. Ve Lee, J., (2012). “A Unit Root Test Using A Fourier Series To Approximate Smooth Breaks”, Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics, 74 (4), 574-599. Enders, W. Ve Jones, P. (2016), “Grain Prices, Oil Prices, And Multiple Smooth Breaks İn A VAR”, Studies İn Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, 20(4), 399-419. Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. (1987). Co-İntegration And Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, And Testing. Econometrica: Journal Of The Econometric Society, 251-276. Ercan, T., Onat, N. C., Keya, N., Tatari, O., Eluru, N., & Kucukvar, M. (2022). Autonomous Electric Vehicles Can Reduce Carbon Emissions And Air Pollution İn Cities. Transportation Research Part D: Transport And Environment, 112, 103472.
  • Falcão, E.A.M., Teixeira, A.C.R., Sodré, J.R., 2017. Analysis Of CO2 Emissions And Techno- Economic Feasibility Of An Electric Commercial Vehicle. Applied Energy 193, 297– 307.
  • Faria, R., Marques, P., Moura, P., Freire, F., Delgado, J., & De Almeida, A. T. (2013). Impact Of The Electricity Mix And Use Profile İn The Life-Cycle Assessment Of Electric Vehicles. Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 24, 271-287.
  • Fattler, S. (2021). Economic And Environmental Assessment Of Electric Vehicle Charging Strategies (Doctoral Dissertation, Technische Universität München).
  • Ford, A. (1994). Electric Vehicles And The Electric Utility Company. Energy Policy, 22(7), 555-570. Fritz, M., Plötz, P., Funke, S.A., 2019. The İmpact Of Ambitious Fuel Economy Stan- Dards On The Market Uptake Of Electric Vehicles And Specific CO2 Emissions. En-Ergy Policy 135,
  • Gallant, A. R. (1981). On The Bias İn Flexible Functional Forms And An Essentially Unbiased Form: The Fourier Flexible Form. Journal Of Econometrics, 15(2), 211-245.
  • Gencer, Y. G. ve Akkucuk, U. (2018). Satış Sonrası Verimliliğin Çok Nitelikli Karar Verme Yöntemleriyle Ölçülmesi: Otomotiv Sektöründe Bir Uygulama. Uluslararası İleri ve Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi, 5 (9), 88-95.
  • Guo, X., Sun, Y., & Ren, D. (2023). Life Cycle Carbon Emission And Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Electric Vehicles İn China. Energy For Sustainable Development, 72, 1-10.
  • Hawkins, T. R., Gausen, O. M., & Strømman, A. H. (2012). Environmental İmpacts Of Hybrid And Electric Vehicles—A Review. The International Journal Of Life Cycle Assessment, 17, 997-1014.
  • Hendrickson, T. P., Kavvada, O., Shah, N., Sathre, R., & Scown, C. D. (2015). Life-Cycle İmplications And Supply Chain Logistics Of Electric Vehicle Battery Recycling İn California. Environmental Research Letters, 10(1), 014011.
  • Hofmann, J., Guan, D., Chalvatzis, K., Huo, H., 2016. Assessment Of Electrical Vehicles As A Successful Driver For Reducing CO2 Emissions İn China. Applied Energy 184, 995– 1003.
  • Jochem, P., Babrowski, S., Fichtner, W., 2015. Assessing CO2 Emissions Of Electric ve- Hicles In Germany İn 2030. Transportation Research Part A: Policy And Practice 78, 68– 83
  • Johansen, S., & Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum Likelihood Estimation And İnference On Cointegration With Appucations To The Demand For Money. Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics, 52(2), 169-210.
  • Karahan, Ş. (2004). Hibrid Elektrikli Araçlar.
  • Karczewski, M., Szczęch, L., Polak, F., & Brodowski, S. (2019). Analysis Of Electric Vehicles Efficiency And Their İnfluence On Environmental Pollution. Journal Of KONES, 26(4), 97-104.
  • Kempton, W., & Letendre, S. E. (1997). Electric Vehicles As A New Power Source For Electric Utilities. Transportation Research Part D: Transport And Environment, 2(3), 157-175.
  • Kocabey, S. (2018). Elektrikli Otomobillerin Dünü, Bugünü ve Geleceği. Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, 1 (1), 16-23.
  • Küfeoglu, S., Hong, D.K.K., 2020. Emissions Performance Of Electric Vehicles: A Case Study From The United Kingdom. Applied Energy 260.
  • Lehmann, A., Berger, M., Finkbeiner, M., 2018. Life Cycle Based CO2 Emission Credits: Options For İmproving The Efficiency And Effectiveness Of Current Tailpipe Emis- Sions Regulation İn The Automotive İndustry. Journal Of Industrial Ecology 22 (5), 1066–1079.
  • Lindly, J. K., & Haskew, T. A. (2002). Impact Of Electric Vehicles On Electric Power Generation And Global Environmental Change. Advances İn Environmental Research, 6(3), 291- 302.
  • Mclaren, J., Miller, J., O’Shaughnessy, E., Wood, E., Shapiro, E., 2016. CO2 Emissions Associated With Electric Vehicle Charging: The İmpact Of Electricity Generation Mix, Charging İnfrastructure Availability And Vehicle Type. The Electricity Journal 29 (5), 72–88.
  • Mcnown, R., Chung, Y. S. And Soo, K. G. (2018). Bootstrapping The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Test Cointegration. Applied Economics, 50(13), 1509-1521.
  • Mishina, Y., Muromachi, Y., 2017. Are Potential Reductions İn CO2 Emissions Via Hy- Brid Electric Vehicles Actualized İn Real Traffic? The Case Of Japan. Transporta- Tion Research Part D: Transport And Environment 50, 372–384.
  • Nansai, K., Tohno, S., Kono, M., & Kasahara, M. (2002). Effects Of Electric Vehicles (EV) On Environmental Loads With Consideration Of Regional Differences Of Electric Power Generation And Charging Characteristic Of EV Users İn Japan. Applied Energy, 71(2), 111-125.
  • Nansai, K., Tohno, S., Kono, M., Kasahara, M., & Moriguchi, Y. (2001). Life-Cycle Analysis Of Charging İnfrastructure For Electric Vehicles. Applied Energy, 70(3), 251-265.
  • Öztürk, S. & Küsmez, T. (2019). Elektrik Tüketimi, Karbon Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi (1995-2014). Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12 (2), 316-327.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. And Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches To The Analysis Of Level Relationships. Journal Of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
  • Plötz, P., Funke, S.Á., Jochem, P., 2018b. The İmpact Of Daily And Annual Driving On Fuel Economy And CO2 Emissions Of Plug-İn Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Transporta- Tion Research Part A: Policy And Practice 118, 331–340.
  • Sarkodie, S.A., Adams, S., 2020. Electricity Access And İncome İnequality İn South Africa: Evidence From Bayesian And NARDL Analyses. Energy Strategy Reviews 29, 100480.
  • Sierzchula, W., Bakker, S., Maat, K., & Van Wee, B. (2014). The İnfluence Of Financial İncentives And Other Socio-Economic Factors On Electric Vehicle Adoption. Energy Policy, 68, 183-194.
  • Solaymani, S., 2019. CO2 Emissions Patterns İn 7 Top Carbon Emitter Economies: The Case Of Transport Sector. Energy 168, 989–1001.
  • Tuncay, R. N., & Üstün, Ö. (2004). Otomotiv Elektroniğindeki Gelişmeler. IX. Otomotiv ve Yan Sanayi Sempozyumu, 27-28.
  • Uçarol, H. (2003). Karma Elektrikli Araç (Doctoral Dissertation, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Warsame, A.A., Sheik-Ali, I.A., Ali, A.O., Sarkodie, S.A., 2021. Climate Change And Crop Production Nexus İn Somalia: An Empirical Evidence From ARDL Technique. Environmental Science And Pollution Research 1–13.
  • Wu, Q., & Sun, S. (2022). Energy And Environmental Impact Of The Promotion Of Battery Electric Vehicles İn The Context Of Banning Gasoline Vehicle Sales. Energies, 15(22), 8388.
  • Xu, B., Lin, B., 2018. Investigating The Differences İn CO2 Emissions İn The Transport Sector Across Chinese Provinces: Evidence From A Quantile Regression Model. Journal Of Cleaner Production 175, 109–122.
  • Xu, B., Sharif, A., Shahbaz, M., & Dong, K. (2021). Have Electric Vehicles Effectively Addressed CO2 Emissions? Analysis Of Eight Leading Countries Using Quantile-On- Quantile Regression Approach. Sustainable Production And Consumption, 27, 1205- 1214.
  • Yılancı, V., Bozoklu, Ş., Görüş And M. S. (2020). Are BRICS Countries Pollution Havens? Evidence From A Bootstrap ARDL Bounds Testing Approach With A Fourier Function. Sustainable Cities And Society, 55, 102035.
  • Zheng, J., Sun, X., Jia, L., & Zhou, Y. (2020). Electric Passenger Vehicles Sales And Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction Potential İn China’s Leading Markets. Journal Of Cleaner Production, 243, 118607.

ELEKTRİKLİ ARAÇ SATIŞLARI, KARBON EMİSYONU VE ELEKTRİK TÜKETİMİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2024, Volume: 23 Issue: 91, 1192 - 1209, 25.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1452405

Abstract

Elektrikli araçlar, çevreye zararlı emisyonlar yaymayan ve elektrik enerjisiyle çalışan taşıtlardır. Gelişen teknoloji ve artan farkındalıkla birlikte, elektrikli araçlar çevre dostu ulaşım alternatifleri olarak popülerliklerini hızla arttırmaktadırlar. Bu nedenle, Dünya’da olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de elektrikli araç satışları da her geçen gün hızla yükselmektedir. Bu çalışma, Ocak 2019 ile Kasım 2022 arası dönemdeki verileri kullanarak elektrikli araç satışları ile karbon emisyonu ve enerji tüketimi ilişkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmaya ilk olarak Fourier-ADF birim kök testi ile başlanmıştır. Sonraki aşamada düzeylerdeki durağanlık seviyelerine göre Fourier Granger ve Fourier Toda Yamamoto nedensellik testleri hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, elektrik tüketimi ile elektrikli araç satışları arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Nedensellik testleri tamamlandıktan sonra eşbütünleşme testine geçilmiştir. Fourier ARDL eşbütünleşme testi, karbon emisyonu ve elektrikli araç satışları arasındaki eşbütünleşme ilişkisini belirlemek için kullanılmıştır. Aynı düzeyde durağanlık gösteren elektrikli araç satışları ve elektrik tüketimi için ise Fourier ADL eşbütünleşme testleri uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre elektrikli araç satışları ile elektrik tüketimi arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda FMOLS Fourier Eşbütünleşme katsayı tahmini hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan analizler, elektrikli araç satışlarının çevresel etkileri ve enerji tüketimi üzerindeki rolünü anlamak adına kritik bir adım oluşturmaktadır. Değerlendirme sonucunda elde edilen sonuçların sonraki çalışmalara rehberlik etmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

References

  • Bakogiannis, E., Siti, M., Tsigdinos, S., Vassi, A., Ve Nikitas, A., 2019. Monitoring The First Dockless Bike Sharing System İn Greece: Understanding User Perceptions, Usage Patterns And Adoption Barriers. Research İn Transportation Business ve Management, 33, 100432.
  • Banerjee, P., Arčabić, V., & Lee, H. (2017). Fourier ADL Cointegration Test To Approximate Smooth Breaks With New Evidence From Crude Oil Market, Economic Modelling, 67, 114-124.
  • Batırlık, S. N., Zeren, F. & Gençer, Y. G. (2023). Faiz Oranı, Döviz Kuru ve Ekonomik Büyümenin Otomobil Satışları Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Türkiye Örneği. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16 (3), 862- 869. DOI: 10.25287/Ohuiibf.1270906
  • Bellocchi, S., Gambini, M., Manno, M., Stilo, T., Vellini, M., 2018. Positive İnteractions Between Electric Vehicles And Renewable Energy Sources İn CO2-Reduced Energy Scenarios: The Italian Case. Energy 161, 172–182.
  • Bouguerra, S., Ve Layeb, S.B., 2019. Determining Optimal Deployment Of Electric Vehicles Charging Stations: Case Of Tunis City, Tunisia. Case Studies On Transport Policy, 7(3), 628-642.
  • Cai, H., Jia, X., Chiu, A. S. F., Hu, X. Ve Xu, M. (2014). Siting Public Electric Vehicle Charging Stations İn Beijing Using Big-Data İnformed Travel Patterns Of The Taxi Fleet. Transportation Research Part D: Transport And Environment, 33, 39–46.
  • Casals, L.C., Martinez-Laserna, E., García, B.A., Nieto, N., 2016. Sustainability Analysis Of The Electric Vehicle Use İn Europe For CO2 Emissions Reduction. Journal Of Cleaner Production 127, 425–437.
  • Chau, K. T., Wong, Y. S., & Chan, C. C. (1999). An Overview Of Energy Sources For Electric Vehicles. Energy Conversion And Management, 40(10), 1021-1039.
  • Christopoulos, D. K. And Leon-Ledesma, M. A. (2011). International Output Convergence, Breaks, And Asymmetric Adjustment. Studies İn Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, 15(3).
  • Costa, C. M., Barbosa, J. C., Gonçalves, R., Castro, H., Del Campo, F. J., & Lanceros-Méndez, S. (2021). Recycling And Environmental İssues Of Lithium-İon Batteries: Advances, Challenges And Opportunities. Energy Storage Materials, 37, 433-465.
  • Dong, K., Dong, X., Jiang, Q., 2020. How Renewable Energy Consumption Lower Global CO2 Emissions? Evidence From Countries With Different İncome Levels. The World Economy 43 (6), 1665–1698.
  • Doucette, R.T., Mcculloch, M.D., 2011. Modeling The Prospects Of Plug-İn Hybrid Elec- Tric Vehicles To Reduce CO2 Emissions. Applied Energy 88, 2315–2323.
  • Enders, W. Ve Lee, J., (2012). “A Unit Root Test Using A Fourier Series To Approximate Smooth Breaks”, Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics, 74 (4), 574-599. Enders, W. Ve Jones, P. (2016), “Grain Prices, Oil Prices, And Multiple Smooth Breaks İn A VAR”, Studies İn Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, 20(4), 399-419. Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. (1987). Co-İntegration And Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, And Testing. Econometrica: Journal Of The Econometric Society, 251-276. Ercan, T., Onat, N. C., Keya, N., Tatari, O., Eluru, N., & Kucukvar, M. (2022). Autonomous Electric Vehicles Can Reduce Carbon Emissions And Air Pollution İn Cities. Transportation Research Part D: Transport And Environment, 112, 103472.
  • Falcão, E.A.M., Teixeira, A.C.R., Sodré, J.R., 2017. Analysis Of CO2 Emissions And Techno- Economic Feasibility Of An Electric Commercial Vehicle. Applied Energy 193, 297– 307.
  • Faria, R., Marques, P., Moura, P., Freire, F., Delgado, J., & De Almeida, A. T. (2013). Impact Of The Electricity Mix And Use Profile İn The Life-Cycle Assessment Of Electric Vehicles. Renewable And Sustainable Energy Reviews, 24, 271-287.
  • Fattler, S. (2021). Economic And Environmental Assessment Of Electric Vehicle Charging Strategies (Doctoral Dissertation, Technische Universität München).
  • Ford, A. (1994). Electric Vehicles And The Electric Utility Company. Energy Policy, 22(7), 555-570. Fritz, M., Plötz, P., Funke, S.A., 2019. The İmpact Of Ambitious Fuel Economy Stan- Dards On The Market Uptake Of Electric Vehicles And Specific CO2 Emissions. En-Ergy Policy 135,
  • Gallant, A. R. (1981). On The Bias İn Flexible Functional Forms And An Essentially Unbiased Form: The Fourier Flexible Form. Journal Of Econometrics, 15(2), 211-245.
  • Gencer, Y. G. ve Akkucuk, U. (2018). Satış Sonrası Verimliliğin Çok Nitelikli Karar Verme Yöntemleriyle Ölçülmesi: Otomotiv Sektöründe Bir Uygulama. Uluslararası İleri ve Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi, 5 (9), 88-95.
  • Guo, X., Sun, Y., & Ren, D. (2023). Life Cycle Carbon Emission And Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Of Electric Vehicles İn China. Energy For Sustainable Development, 72, 1-10.
  • Hawkins, T. R., Gausen, O. M., & Strømman, A. H. (2012). Environmental İmpacts Of Hybrid And Electric Vehicles—A Review. The International Journal Of Life Cycle Assessment, 17, 997-1014.
  • Hendrickson, T. P., Kavvada, O., Shah, N., Sathre, R., & Scown, C. D. (2015). Life-Cycle İmplications And Supply Chain Logistics Of Electric Vehicle Battery Recycling İn California. Environmental Research Letters, 10(1), 014011.
  • Hofmann, J., Guan, D., Chalvatzis, K., Huo, H., 2016. Assessment Of Electrical Vehicles As A Successful Driver For Reducing CO2 Emissions İn China. Applied Energy 184, 995– 1003.
  • Jochem, P., Babrowski, S., Fichtner, W., 2015. Assessing CO2 Emissions Of Electric ve- Hicles In Germany İn 2030. Transportation Research Part A: Policy And Practice 78, 68– 83
  • Johansen, S., & Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum Likelihood Estimation And İnference On Cointegration With Appucations To The Demand For Money. Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics, 52(2), 169-210.
  • Karahan, Ş. (2004). Hibrid Elektrikli Araçlar.
  • Karczewski, M., Szczęch, L., Polak, F., & Brodowski, S. (2019). Analysis Of Electric Vehicles Efficiency And Their İnfluence On Environmental Pollution. Journal Of KONES, 26(4), 97-104.
  • Kempton, W., & Letendre, S. E. (1997). Electric Vehicles As A New Power Source For Electric Utilities. Transportation Research Part D: Transport And Environment, 2(3), 157-175.
  • Kocabey, S. (2018). Elektrikli Otomobillerin Dünü, Bugünü ve Geleceği. Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, 1 (1), 16-23.
  • Küfeoglu, S., Hong, D.K.K., 2020. Emissions Performance Of Electric Vehicles: A Case Study From The United Kingdom. Applied Energy 260.
  • Lehmann, A., Berger, M., Finkbeiner, M., 2018. Life Cycle Based CO2 Emission Credits: Options For İmproving The Efficiency And Effectiveness Of Current Tailpipe Emis- Sions Regulation İn The Automotive İndustry. Journal Of Industrial Ecology 22 (5), 1066–1079.
  • Lindly, J. K., & Haskew, T. A. (2002). Impact Of Electric Vehicles On Electric Power Generation And Global Environmental Change. Advances İn Environmental Research, 6(3), 291- 302.
  • Mclaren, J., Miller, J., O’Shaughnessy, E., Wood, E., Shapiro, E., 2016. CO2 Emissions Associated With Electric Vehicle Charging: The İmpact Of Electricity Generation Mix, Charging İnfrastructure Availability And Vehicle Type. The Electricity Journal 29 (5), 72–88.
  • Mcnown, R., Chung, Y. S. And Soo, K. G. (2018). Bootstrapping The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Test Cointegration. Applied Economics, 50(13), 1509-1521.
  • Mishina, Y., Muromachi, Y., 2017. Are Potential Reductions İn CO2 Emissions Via Hy- Brid Electric Vehicles Actualized İn Real Traffic? The Case Of Japan. Transporta- Tion Research Part D: Transport And Environment 50, 372–384.
  • Nansai, K., Tohno, S., Kono, M., & Kasahara, M. (2002). Effects Of Electric Vehicles (EV) On Environmental Loads With Consideration Of Regional Differences Of Electric Power Generation And Charging Characteristic Of EV Users İn Japan. Applied Energy, 71(2), 111-125.
  • Nansai, K., Tohno, S., Kono, M., Kasahara, M., & Moriguchi, Y. (2001). Life-Cycle Analysis Of Charging İnfrastructure For Electric Vehicles. Applied Energy, 70(3), 251-265.
  • Öztürk, S. & Küsmez, T. (2019). Elektrik Tüketimi, Karbon Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi (1995-2014). Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12 (2), 316-327.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. And Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches To The Analysis Of Level Relationships. Journal Of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
  • Plötz, P., Funke, S.Á., Jochem, P., 2018b. The İmpact Of Daily And Annual Driving On Fuel Economy And CO2 Emissions Of Plug-İn Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Transporta- Tion Research Part A: Policy And Practice 118, 331–340.
  • Sarkodie, S.A., Adams, S., 2020. Electricity Access And İncome İnequality İn South Africa: Evidence From Bayesian And NARDL Analyses. Energy Strategy Reviews 29, 100480.
  • Sierzchula, W., Bakker, S., Maat, K., & Van Wee, B. (2014). The İnfluence Of Financial İncentives And Other Socio-Economic Factors On Electric Vehicle Adoption. Energy Policy, 68, 183-194.
  • Solaymani, S., 2019. CO2 Emissions Patterns İn 7 Top Carbon Emitter Economies: The Case Of Transport Sector. Energy 168, 989–1001.
  • Tuncay, R. N., & Üstün, Ö. (2004). Otomotiv Elektroniğindeki Gelişmeler. IX. Otomotiv ve Yan Sanayi Sempozyumu, 27-28.
  • Uçarol, H. (2003). Karma Elektrikli Araç (Doctoral Dissertation, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Warsame, A.A., Sheik-Ali, I.A., Ali, A.O., Sarkodie, S.A., 2021. Climate Change And Crop Production Nexus İn Somalia: An Empirical Evidence From ARDL Technique. Environmental Science And Pollution Research 1–13.
  • Wu, Q., & Sun, S. (2022). Energy And Environmental Impact Of The Promotion Of Battery Electric Vehicles İn The Context Of Banning Gasoline Vehicle Sales. Energies, 15(22), 8388.
  • Xu, B., Lin, B., 2018. Investigating The Differences İn CO2 Emissions İn The Transport Sector Across Chinese Provinces: Evidence From A Quantile Regression Model. Journal Of Cleaner Production 175, 109–122.
  • Xu, B., Sharif, A., Shahbaz, M., & Dong, K. (2021). Have Electric Vehicles Effectively Addressed CO2 Emissions? Analysis Of Eight Leading Countries Using Quantile-On- Quantile Regression Approach. Sustainable Production And Consumption, 27, 1205- 1214.
  • Yılancı, V., Bozoklu, Ş., Görüş And M. S. (2020). Are BRICS Countries Pollution Havens? Evidence From A Bootstrap ARDL Bounds Testing Approach With A Fourier Function. Sustainable Cities And Society, 55, 102035.
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There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration, Sales Management
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Yasin Galip Gençer 0000-0003-2133-351X

Gizem Bediroğlu 0009-0007-8019-6515

Early Pub Date July 14, 2024
Publication Date July 25, 2024
Submission Date March 13, 2024
Acceptance Date July 9, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 23 Issue: 91

Cite

APA Gençer, Y. G., & Bediroğlu, G. (2024). ELEKTRİKLİ ARAÇ SATIŞLARI, KARBON EMİSYONU VE ELEKTRİK TÜKETİMİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(91), 1192-1209. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1452405

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Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (Electronic Journal of Social Sciences), Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.

ESBD Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (Electronic Journal of Social Sciences), Türk Patent ve Marka Kurumu tarafından tescil edilmiştir. Marka No:2011/119849.