Research Article
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An Investigation of the Teacher Collaboration According to the Instructional Leadership Behaviors of Principals

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 1 - 15, 02.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.51725/etad.1434206

Abstract

Bu korelasyonel çalışma, okul yöneticilerinin öğretimsel liderlik davranışları ile zümre öğretmenler arasındaki iş birliği davranışları arasındaki ilişkiyi öğretmen algılarına göre incelemektedir. Araştırmanın örneklemi kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenmiş olup Ankara ili merkez ilçelerindeki kamu ilk ve ortaokullarında görev yapan 403 öğretmenden oluşmuştur. Araştırmada veriler "Öğretim Liderliği Davranışı Ölçeği" ve "Grup Öğretmenlerinin İş birliği Düzeyini Belirleme Ölçeği" kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde ortalama ve standart sapma değerleri hesaplanmış, korelasyon ve hiyerarşik regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, öğretmenlerin algılarına göre müdürlerin yüksek düzeyde öğretimsel liderlik davranışları sergilediklerini göstermektedir. Benzer şekilde öğretmenlerin iş birliği davranışları da yüksektir. Yöneticilerin öğretimsel liderliği ile öğretmenlerin iş birlikçi davranışları arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Regresyon sonuçlarına göre müdürlerin öğretimsel liderlik davranışları öğretmen iş birliğini anlamlı düzeyde yordamaktadır. Sonuçlara dayalı olarak geleceğe yönelik bazı çıkarımlarda bulunularak araştırmacılara ve uygulayıcılara önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

References

  • Albez, C., Sezer, Ş., Akan, D., & Ada, Ş. (2014). An examination related to the effectiveness of primary school teachers’ committee meetings. Middle Eastern & African Journal of Educational Research, 7, 4-19.
  • Alım, M., & Doğanay, G. (2016). The importance of cooperation among group teachers and the analysis of common topics in geography teaching. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 35, 1-15.
  • Başaran, İ. E. (1993). Eğitim yönetimi [Educational administration]. Ankara:Gül.
  • Bozkurt, B. & Taşdemir, S. (2022). Investigation of the relationship between school administrators' ınstructional leadership behaviors and teachers' perceptions of learning organizations. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(2), 1275-1301.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2019). Eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods in Education]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (28. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem.
  • Cansoy, R., & Parlar, H. (2017). Schools as professional learning communities: Development and application of the concept in schools. International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 12(17), 89-112.
  • Cansoy, R., Parlar, H., & Polatcan, M. (2020). Collective teacher efficacy as a mediator in the relationship between instructional leadership and teacher commitment. Internatıonal Journal of Leadershıp In Educatıon, https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2019.1708470.
  • Çalık, T., Sezgin, F., Kavgacı, H., & Kılınç, A.Ç. (2012). Examination of relationships between instructional leadership of school principals and self-efficacy of teachers and collective teacher efficacy. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 12(4), 2487-2504.
  • Çelebi, N., Vuranok, T. T., & Turgut, H. I. (2016). Reliability and validity of “Teachers’ Collaboration Level Determination Scale”. Kastamonu Education Journal, 24(2), 803-820. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kefdergi/issue/22590/241280
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2021). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları [Multivariate statistics for social sciences: SPSS and LISREL applications]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Forte, A. M., & Flores, M. A. (2014). Teacher collaboration and professional development in the workplace: a study of Portuguese teachers. European Journal of Teacher Education, 37(1), 91-105.
  • Göksoy, S., & Yenipınar, Ş. (2015). The opinions of teachers concerning the boards of branch teachers at schools. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 205(44), 26-44. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/milliegitim/issue/36159/406448
  • Güçlü, N., & Özden, S. (2000). Etkili okullar ve öğretim liderliği [Effective schools and instructional leadership]. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 67-68.
  • Güler, M., Altun, T., & Türkdoğan, A. (2015). Investigating the views of mathematics teachers on the effectiveness of branch teachers’ committee meeting. Elementary Education Online, 14(2), 395-406. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ilkonline/issue/8619/107510
  • Gümüş, S., Bellibaş, M. S., Esen, M., & Gümüş, E. (2018). A systematic review of studies on leadership models in educational research from 1980 to 2014. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 46(1), 25-48.
  • Hallinger, P., & Heck, R. H. (1998). Exploring the principals’ contribution to school effectiveness:1980-1995. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 9(2), 157-191.
  • Hallinger, P. (2003). Leading educational change: reflections on the practice of instructional and transformational leadership. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(3), 329-352.
  • Hallinger, P. (2005). Instructional leadership and the school principal: A passing fancy that refuses to fade away. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 4(3), 221-239.
  • Hallinger, P., & Murphy, J. (1985). Assessing the instructional management behavior of principals. The Elementary School Journal, 86(2), 217-247.
  • Jong, L. de, Meirink, J., & Admiraal, W. (2019). School-based teacher collaboration: Different learning opportunities across various contexts. Teaching and Teacher Education, 86, 102925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102925
  • Karadavut, T. (2022). Nicel araştırma yöntemleri [Quantitative research methods]. In H. Tabak, B. A. Dünya, & F. Şahin (Eds.), Eğitimde araştırma yöntemleri [Research methods in Education] (pp. 183-213). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Krug, S. E. (1992). Instructional leadership: A constructivist perspective. Educational Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 430-443.
  • Levine, T. H., & Marcus, A. S. (2010). How the structure and focus of teachers' collaborative activities facilitate and constrain teacher learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(3). 389-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.03.001
  • Lomos, C., Hofman, R. H., & Bosker, R. J. (2011). The relationship between departments as professional communities and student achievement in secondary schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(4), 722-731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2010.12.003
  • McHenry, A. N. (2009). The relationship between leadership behaviors, teacher collaboration, and student achievement. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi.
  • Meyer, A., Richter, D., & Hartung-Beck, V. (2020). The relationship between principal leadership and teacher collaboration: Investigating the mediating effect of teachers’ collective efficacy. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 50(4), https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220945698
  • Ministry of National Education. (2019). Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Eğitim Kurulları ve Zümreleri Yönergesi [Ministry of National Education Educational Committees and Groups Directive]. Retrieved from https://ogm.meb.gov.tr/www/mill-egitim-bakanligi-egitim-kurullari-ve-zumreleri-yonergesinde-degisiklik-yapilmasina-dair-yonerge/icerik/796
  • Ministry of National Education. (2017). Öğretmenlik mesleği genel yeterlikleri [The General competencies of the teaching profession]. Ankara: Öğretmen Yetiştirme ve Geliştirme Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Mora-Ruano JG., Schurig M., & Wittmann E. (2021). Instructional leadership as a vehicle for teacher collaboration and student achievement. what the German PISA 2015 sample tells us. Frontiers in Education. 6, 582773. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.582773
  • Nwagwu, E. C. (1998). How community college administrators can improve teaching effectiveness. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 22(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1066892980220102
  • Özdemir, S., & Sezgin, F. (2002). Etkili okullar ve öğretim liderliği [Effective schools and instructional leadership]. Kırgızistan Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3), 266-282.
  • Özden, Y. (2020). Eğitimde yeni değerler [New values in Education]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Özdoğru, M. (2021). Cooperation between teachers: Current situation, barriers and solution proposals. Journal of Education and Humanities: Theory and Practice, 12(23), 125–147. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/eibd/issue/63474/853829
  • Patrick, S. K. (2022). Organizing schools for collaborative learning: School leadership and teachers’ engagement in collaboration. Educational Administration Quarterly, 58(4), 638-673. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X221107628
  • Reeves, P. M., Pun, W. H., & Chung, K. S. (2017). Influence of teacher collaboration on job satisfaction and student achievement. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67, 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.06.016
  • Ronfeldt, M., Farmer, S.O., McQueen, K., & Grissom, J. A. (2015). Teacher collaboration in ınstructional teams and student achievement. American Educational Research Journal. 52(3), 475-514.
  • Sağın, A.E., Güllü, M., & Ugras, S. (2020). Determination of the cooperation level of physical education coterie teachers: A mixed methods study. Mediterranean Journal of Educational Research, 14(32), 369-388.
  • Schuster, J., Hartman, U., & Kolleck, N. (2021). Teacher collaboration networks as a function of type of collaboration and schools’ structural environment. Teaching and Teacher Education, 103, 103372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103372
  • Serin, M. K., & Buluç, B. (2012). The relationship between instructional leadership and organizational commitment in primary schools. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 18(3), 435-459. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kuey/issue/10323/126581
  • Şekerci, M., & Aypay, A. (2009). The relationship between management skills and group effectiveness of primary school principals. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 15(57), 133-160. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kuey/issue/10340/126690
  • Şişman, M. (2016). Instructional Leadership Behaviors Scale: Validity, reliability and norm study. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 22(3), 375-400.
  • Şişman, M. (2018). Öğretim liderliği [Instructional Leadership]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Tschannen-Moran, M. (1998). Trust and collaboration in urban elementary schools. Unpublished dissertation, The Ohio State University, Dissertation Abstract UMI: 9900923.
  • Urick, A., & Bowers, A. J. (2017). Assessing international teacher and principal perceptions of instructional leadership: A multilevel factor analysis of TALIS 2008. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 18(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2017.1384499
  • Utley, B. L., Basile, C. G., & Rhodes, L. K. (2003). Walking in two worlds: Master teachers serving as site coordinators in partner schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 19(5), 515-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(03)00049-0
  • Vangrieken, K., Dochy, F., Raes, E., & Kyndt, E. (2015). Teacher collaboration: A systematic review. Educational Research Review, 15, 17-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2015.04.002
  • Yenipınar, Ş. (2019). Examination of the studies of the board of teachers on the basis of management processes. Trakya Journal of Education, 9(4), 791-808. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tred/article/528193
  • Yılmaz, K., & Çelik, M. (2020). Development of scale of attitude towards professional collaboration among teachers. Manas Journal of Social Studies, 9(2), 731-740. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/mjss/article/584856

An Investigation of the Teacher Collaboration According to the Instructional Leadership Behaviors of Principals

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 1 - 15, 02.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.51725/etad.1434206

Abstract

This correlational study examines the relationship between the instructional leadership behaviors of school administrators and the collaboration behaviors among the teachers in the same branch according to teachers' perceptions. The research sample was determined by an easily accessible sampling method and consisted of 403 teachers working in public primary and secondary schools in the central districts of Ankara. The data in the study were collected using the "Instructional Leadership Behavior Scale" and "Scale for Determining the Level of Collaboration of Group Teachers." Mean and standard deviation values were calculated in the data analysis, and correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. The study results show that principals exhibit high levels of instructional leadership behaviors according to teachers' perceptions. Similarly, teachers' collaboration behaviors are also high. A positive and significant relationship was found between principals' instructional leadership and teachers' collaborative behaviors. According to the regression results, principals' instructional leadership behaviors significantly predicted teacher collaboration. Based on the results, some implications for the future were made, and suggestions were made to researchers and practitioners.

References

  • Albez, C., Sezer, Ş., Akan, D., & Ada, Ş. (2014). An examination related to the effectiveness of primary school teachers’ committee meetings. Middle Eastern & African Journal of Educational Research, 7, 4-19.
  • Alım, M., & Doğanay, G. (2016). The importance of cooperation among group teachers and the analysis of common topics in geography teaching. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 35, 1-15.
  • Başaran, İ. E. (1993). Eğitim yönetimi [Educational administration]. Ankara:Gül.
  • Bozkurt, B. & Taşdemir, S. (2022). Investigation of the relationship between school administrators' ınstructional leadership behaviors and teachers' perceptions of learning organizations. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(2), 1275-1301.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2019). Eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods in Education]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı (28. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem.
  • Cansoy, R., & Parlar, H. (2017). Schools as professional learning communities: Development and application of the concept in schools. International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 12(17), 89-112.
  • Cansoy, R., Parlar, H., & Polatcan, M. (2020). Collective teacher efficacy as a mediator in the relationship between instructional leadership and teacher commitment. Internatıonal Journal of Leadershıp In Educatıon, https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2019.1708470.
  • Çalık, T., Sezgin, F., Kavgacı, H., & Kılınç, A.Ç. (2012). Examination of relationships between instructional leadership of school principals and self-efficacy of teachers and collective teacher efficacy. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 12(4), 2487-2504.
  • Çelebi, N., Vuranok, T. T., & Turgut, H. I. (2016). Reliability and validity of “Teachers’ Collaboration Level Determination Scale”. Kastamonu Education Journal, 24(2), 803-820. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kefdergi/issue/22590/241280
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2021). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları [Multivariate statistics for social sciences: SPSS and LISREL applications]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Forte, A. M., & Flores, M. A. (2014). Teacher collaboration and professional development in the workplace: a study of Portuguese teachers. European Journal of Teacher Education, 37(1), 91-105.
  • Göksoy, S., & Yenipınar, Ş. (2015). The opinions of teachers concerning the boards of branch teachers at schools. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 205(44), 26-44. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/milliegitim/issue/36159/406448
  • Güçlü, N., & Özden, S. (2000). Etkili okullar ve öğretim liderliği [Effective schools and instructional leadership]. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 67-68.
  • Güler, M., Altun, T., & Türkdoğan, A. (2015). Investigating the views of mathematics teachers on the effectiveness of branch teachers’ committee meeting. Elementary Education Online, 14(2), 395-406. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ilkonline/issue/8619/107510
  • Gümüş, S., Bellibaş, M. S., Esen, M., & Gümüş, E. (2018). A systematic review of studies on leadership models in educational research from 1980 to 2014. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 46(1), 25-48.
  • Hallinger, P., & Heck, R. H. (1998). Exploring the principals’ contribution to school effectiveness:1980-1995. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 9(2), 157-191.
  • Hallinger, P. (2003). Leading educational change: reflections on the practice of instructional and transformational leadership. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(3), 329-352.
  • Hallinger, P. (2005). Instructional leadership and the school principal: A passing fancy that refuses to fade away. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 4(3), 221-239.
  • Hallinger, P., & Murphy, J. (1985). Assessing the instructional management behavior of principals. The Elementary School Journal, 86(2), 217-247.
  • Jong, L. de, Meirink, J., & Admiraal, W. (2019). School-based teacher collaboration: Different learning opportunities across various contexts. Teaching and Teacher Education, 86, 102925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102925
  • Karadavut, T. (2022). Nicel araştırma yöntemleri [Quantitative research methods]. In H. Tabak, B. A. Dünya, & F. Şahin (Eds.), Eğitimde araştırma yöntemleri [Research methods in Education] (pp. 183-213). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Krug, S. E. (1992). Instructional leadership: A constructivist perspective. Educational Administration Quarterly, 28(3), 430-443.
  • Levine, T. H., & Marcus, A. S. (2010). How the structure and focus of teachers' collaborative activities facilitate and constrain teacher learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(3). 389-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2009.03.001
  • Lomos, C., Hofman, R. H., & Bosker, R. J. (2011). The relationship between departments as professional communities and student achievement in secondary schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(4), 722-731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2010.12.003
  • McHenry, A. N. (2009). The relationship between leadership behaviors, teacher collaboration, and student achievement. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi.
  • Meyer, A., Richter, D., & Hartung-Beck, V. (2020). The relationship between principal leadership and teacher collaboration: Investigating the mediating effect of teachers’ collective efficacy. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 50(4), https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220945698
  • Ministry of National Education. (2019). Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Eğitim Kurulları ve Zümreleri Yönergesi [Ministry of National Education Educational Committees and Groups Directive]. Retrieved from https://ogm.meb.gov.tr/www/mill-egitim-bakanligi-egitim-kurullari-ve-zumreleri-yonergesinde-degisiklik-yapilmasina-dair-yonerge/icerik/796
  • Ministry of National Education. (2017). Öğretmenlik mesleği genel yeterlikleri [The General competencies of the teaching profession]. Ankara: Öğretmen Yetiştirme ve Geliştirme Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Mora-Ruano JG., Schurig M., & Wittmann E. (2021). Instructional leadership as a vehicle for teacher collaboration and student achievement. what the German PISA 2015 sample tells us. Frontiers in Education. 6, 582773. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.582773
  • Nwagwu, E. C. (1998). How community college administrators can improve teaching effectiveness. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 22(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1066892980220102
  • Özdemir, S., & Sezgin, F. (2002). Etkili okullar ve öğretim liderliği [Effective schools and instructional leadership]. Kırgızistan Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(3), 266-282.
  • Özden, Y. (2020). Eğitimde yeni değerler [New values in Education]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Özdoğru, M. (2021). Cooperation between teachers: Current situation, barriers and solution proposals. Journal of Education and Humanities: Theory and Practice, 12(23), 125–147. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/eibd/issue/63474/853829
  • Patrick, S. K. (2022). Organizing schools for collaborative learning: School leadership and teachers’ engagement in collaboration. Educational Administration Quarterly, 58(4), 638-673. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X221107628
  • Reeves, P. M., Pun, W. H., & Chung, K. S. (2017). Influence of teacher collaboration on job satisfaction and student achievement. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67, 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.06.016
  • Ronfeldt, M., Farmer, S.O., McQueen, K., & Grissom, J. A. (2015). Teacher collaboration in ınstructional teams and student achievement. American Educational Research Journal. 52(3), 475-514.
  • Sağın, A.E., Güllü, M., & Ugras, S. (2020). Determination of the cooperation level of physical education coterie teachers: A mixed methods study. Mediterranean Journal of Educational Research, 14(32), 369-388.
  • Schuster, J., Hartman, U., & Kolleck, N. (2021). Teacher collaboration networks as a function of type of collaboration and schools’ structural environment. Teaching and Teacher Education, 103, 103372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103372
  • Serin, M. K., & Buluç, B. (2012). The relationship between instructional leadership and organizational commitment in primary schools. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 18(3), 435-459. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kuey/issue/10323/126581
  • Şekerci, M., & Aypay, A. (2009). The relationship between management skills and group effectiveness of primary school principals. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 15(57), 133-160. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/kuey/issue/10340/126690
  • Şişman, M. (2016). Instructional Leadership Behaviors Scale: Validity, reliability and norm study. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 22(3), 375-400.
  • Şişman, M. (2018). Öğretim liderliği [Instructional Leadership]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi. Tschannen-Moran, M. (1998). Trust and collaboration in urban elementary schools. Unpublished dissertation, The Ohio State University, Dissertation Abstract UMI: 9900923.
  • Urick, A., & Bowers, A. J. (2017). Assessing international teacher and principal perceptions of instructional leadership: A multilevel factor analysis of TALIS 2008. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 18(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2017.1384499
  • Utley, B. L., Basile, C. G., & Rhodes, L. K. (2003). Walking in two worlds: Master teachers serving as site coordinators in partner schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 19(5), 515-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(03)00049-0
  • Vangrieken, K., Dochy, F., Raes, E., & Kyndt, E. (2015). Teacher collaboration: A systematic review. Educational Research Review, 15, 17-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2015.04.002
  • Yenipınar, Ş. (2019). Examination of the studies of the board of teachers on the basis of management processes. Trakya Journal of Education, 9(4), 791-808. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tred/article/528193
  • Yılmaz, K., & Çelik, M. (2020). Development of scale of attitude towards professional collaboration among teachers. Manas Journal of Social Studies, 9(2), 731-740. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/mjss/article/584856
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gürcü Merve Bıyık 0000-0002-3027-8199

Fatih Şahin 0000-0002-6579-2550

Publication Date July 2, 2024
Submission Date February 9, 2024
Acceptance Date March 15, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bıyık, G. M., & Şahin, F. (2024). An Investigation of the Teacher Collaboration According to the Instructional Leadership Behaviors of Principals. Eğitim Ve Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.51725/etad.1434206