DETERMİNATİON THE PHYSİCAL STRUCTURES AND POTENTİAL NUTRİTİVE VALUE OF RATİON USED İN BEEF PRODUCTİON

Abstract

In this study, the physical and chemical properties, as well as the in vitro digestibility and fermentation parameters of rations used in certain feedlot farms were evaluated. The particle size distribution of the rations varied as follows: upper sieve 2.80% – 32.82%, middle sieve 12.46% – 40.62%, lower sieve 25.62% – 39.81%, and pan 8.40% – 48.73%. Significant differences were observed in the contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude ash (CA), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) among the rations (P<0.05). The DM ranged from 89.39% to 94.93%, CP from 6.47% to 12.62%, CF from 2.88% to 6.59%, CA from 5.06% to 11.44%, NDF from 39.08% to 64.57%, and ADF from 18.38% to 42.11%. Furthermore, significant differences were found in in vitro gas production (GP), methane (CH₄) production, true digestible dry matter (TDDM), true digestibility (TD), partitioning factor (PF), microbial protein (MP) production, microbial protein synthesis efficiency (MPSE), and ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) levels (P<0.05). GP ranged between 73.16 and 105.16 ml (per 500 mg DM), CH₄ production between 10.58 and 14.62 ml, TDDM between 228.50 and 344.03 mg, TD from 45.56% to 68.53%, MP from 67.53 to 144.93 mg, and NH₃-N from 47.73 to 51.52 mg/100 ml. Metabolizable energy (ME) values of the rations ranged from 7.08 to 9.59 MJ/kg DM, and organic matter digestibility (OMD) from 48.04% to 61.12%. In terms of 96-hour in vitro gas kinetics, the volume of gas produced from the rapidly fermentable fraction (a) ranged from 0.59 to 4.03 ml, from the slowly fermentable fraction (b) from 37.01 to 47.80 ml, total gas production (a+b) from 38.22 to 50.40 ml, and the fermentation rate (c) from 0.05% to 0.11%. The results revealed significant differences in the nutritional value and fermentation characteristics of rations used in feedlot operations. These findings provide essential data that can serve as a foundation for improving feed formulations aimed at enhancing animal health and productivity. Accordingly, future studies are recommended to focus on developing more optimized ration strategies based on these parameters.

Keywords

• vitro gas production
• methane production
• microbial production
• penn state particle seperator.

BAZI BESİ ÇİFTLİKLERİNDE KULLANILAN RASYONLARIN FİZİKSEL YAPILARININ VE POTANSİYEL BESLEME DEĞERLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada, bazı besi çiftliklerinde kullanılan rasyonların fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri ile in vitro sindirilebilirlik ve fermantasyon parametreleri değerlendirilmiştir. Rasyonlara ait partikül boyut dağılımları üst elekte %2.80 - 32.82, orta elekte %12.46 - 40.62, alt elekte %25.62 - 39.81 ve alt tavada %8.40 - 48.73 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Rasyonların kurutulmuş kuru madde (KKM), ham protein (HP), ham yağ (HY), ham kül (HK), nötral deterjan fiber (NDF) ve asit deterjan fiber (ADF) içerikleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir (P<0.05). Rasyonların KKM % 89.39 - 94.93, HP % 6.47 - 12.62, HY % 2.88 - 6.59, HK % 5.06 - 11.44, NDF % 39.08 - 64.57 ve ADF %18.38 - 42.11 arasında değişmiştir. Rasyonların in vitro gaz üretimi (GÜ), metan (CH₄) üretimi, gerçek sindirilebilir kuru madde (GSKM), gerçek sindirim derecesi (GSD), taksimat faktörü (TF), mikrobiyal protein (MP) üretimi, mikrobiyal protein sentezleme etkinliği (MPSE) ve amonyak azotu (NH₃-N) değerleri arasında da anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır (P<0.05). Gaz üretimi 73.16 - 105.16 ml (500 mg KM), CH₄ üretimi 10.58 - 14.62 ml, GSKM 228.50 - 344.03 mg, GSD %45.56 - 68.53, MP 67.53 - 144.93 mg ve NH₃-N 47.73 - 51.52 mg/100 ml aralığında bulunmuştur. Rasyonların metabolik enerji (ME) içerikleri 7.08 - 9.59 MJ/kg KM, organik madde sindirim dereceleri (OMSD) ise % 48.04 - 61.12 arasında değişmiştir. Gaz kinetiği açısından değerlendirildiğinde, kolay fermente edilebilen fraksiyondan üretilen gaz hacmi (a) 0.59 - 4.03 ml, yavaş fermente edilebilen fraksiyondan üretilen gaz hacmi (b) 37.01 - 47.80 ml, toplam gaz üretimi (a+b) 38.22 - 50.40 ml ve fermantasyon hızı (c) %0.05 - 0.11 olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, besi çiftliklerinde kullanılan rasyonların besleme değeri ve fermantasyon özellikleri açısından önemli farklılıklar gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgular, hayvan sağlığı ve verimliliğini artırmaya yönelik yem formülasyonlarının geliştirilmesinde temel oluşturacak nitelikte verilerdir. Bu doğrultuda, gelecekte yapılacak çalışmaların söz konusu parametreleri dikkate alarak daha optimize edilmiş rasyon stratejileri geliştirmeye odaklanması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İn vitro gaz üretimi
• metan üretimi
• mikrobiyal protein
• penn state partikül seperatörü

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