Research Article

DETERMINATION OF THE USABILITY OF OLIVE CAKE (PRINA) AS A ROUGHAGE SOURCE IN TOTAL MIXED RATIONS (TMR) FOR DAIRY CATTLE BY THE IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION METHOD

Volume: 9 October 5, 2026
TR EN

DETERMINATION OF THE USABILITY OF OLIVE CAKE (PRINA) AS A ROUGHAGE SOURCE IN TOTAL MIXED RATIONS (TMR) FOR DAIRY CATTLE BY THE IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION METHOD

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of replacing dry meadow grass (DMG) with partly destoned olive cake (OC) at different rates in total mixed rations (TMR) for dairy cattle on in vitro gas and methane production, performance traits, in vitro digestion and some rumen parameters. In this study, OC obtained from a local olive oil production factoryin the Milas District of Muğla Province was used to form experimental groups (P0, P25, P50, P75 and P100) by substituting 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of dry meadow grass (DMG) in the total mixed ration (TMR) of dairy cattle. The suitability of OC for use in place of DMG in dairy cattle rations was determined using the Hohenheim in vitro gas production technique. Significant differences (P<0.01) were found among the groups in estimated performance parameters, such as 24-hour in vitro gas production, metabolic energy (ME), net energy for lactation (NEL), and organic matter digestibility (OMD). The highest gas production was observed in the P25 group (112.59 ml), while the lowest was in the P100 group (95.82 ml). Among the groups, the P25 group exhibited the highest ME, NEL, and OMD values (P<0.01). Differences among the groups were significant in terms of in vitro true digestible dry matter (IVTDDM) and true digestion degree (IVTDD) (P<0.05). The P25 group, which was similar to the control group, had the highest IVTDDM and IVTDD values. Differences among the groups in terms of mean values for the partition factor (PF), microbial protein production (MPP), and microbial protein synthesis efficiency (MPSE) were not significant. While differences among the groups in terms of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were not significant, pH values were significant (P<0.05). In conclusion, partially destoned olive cake can be used at a rate of 25% instead of DMG as an alternative roughage source in dairy cattle TMRs.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Zootechny (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ali Nabeel Abdulqader Abdulqader This is me
Türkiye

Publication Date

October 5, 2026

Submission Date

August 26, 2026

Acceptance Date

September 15, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9

APA
Abdulqader Abdulqader, A. N., & Macit, M. (2026). DETERMINATION OF THE USABILITY OF OLIVE CAKE (PRINA) AS A ROUGHAGE SOURCE IN TOTAL MIXED RATIONS (TMR) FOR DAIRY CATTLE BY THE IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION METHOD. Erciyes Tarım Ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi, 9, 132-144. https://doi.org/10.55257/ethabd.2026491
AMA
1.Abdulqader Abdulqader AN, Macit M. DETERMINATION OF THE USABILITY OF OLIVE CAKE (PRINA) AS A ROUGHAGE SOURCE IN TOTAL MIXED RATIONS (TMR) FOR DAIRY CATTLE BY THE IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION METHOD. Erciyes Tarım ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;9:132-144. doi:10.55257/ethabd.2026491
Chicago
Abdulqader Abdulqader, Ali Nabeel, and Muhlis Macit. 2026. “DETERMINATION OF THE USABILITY OF OLIVE CAKE (PRINA) AS A ROUGHAGE SOURCE IN TOTAL MIXED RATIONS (TMR) FOR DAIRY CATTLE BY THE IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION METHOD”. Erciyes Tarım Ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi 9 (October): 132-44. https://doi.org/10.55257/ethabd.2026491.
EndNote
Abdulqader Abdulqader AN, Macit M (October 1, 2026) DETERMINATION OF THE USABILITY OF OLIVE CAKE (PRINA) AS A ROUGHAGE SOURCE IN TOTAL MIXED RATIONS (TMR) FOR DAIRY CATTLE BY THE IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION METHOD. Erciyes Tarım ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi 9 132–144.
IEEE
[1]A. N. Abdulqader Abdulqader and M. Macit, “DETERMINATION OF THE USABILITY OF OLIVE CAKE (PRINA) AS A ROUGHAGE SOURCE IN TOTAL MIXED RATIONS (TMR) FOR DAIRY CATTLE BY THE IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION METHOD”, Erciyes Tarım ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 9, pp. 132–144, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.55257/ethabd.2026491.
ISNAD
Abdulqader Abdulqader, Ali Nabeel - Macit, Muhlis. “DETERMINATION OF THE USABILITY OF OLIVE CAKE (PRINA) AS A ROUGHAGE SOURCE IN TOTAL MIXED RATIONS (TMR) FOR DAIRY CATTLE BY THE IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION METHOD”. Erciyes Tarım ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi 9 (October 1, 2026): 132-144. https://doi.org/10.55257/ethabd.2026491.
JAMA
1.Abdulqader Abdulqader AN, Macit M. DETERMINATION OF THE USABILITY OF OLIVE CAKE (PRINA) AS A ROUGHAGE SOURCE IN TOTAL MIXED RATIONS (TMR) FOR DAIRY CATTLE BY THE IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION METHOD. Erciyes Tarım ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;9:132–144.
MLA
Abdulqader Abdulqader, Ali Nabeel, and Muhlis Macit. “DETERMINATION OF THE USABILITY OF OLIVE CAKE (PRINA) AS A ROUGHAGE SOURCE IN TOTAL MIXED RATIONS (TMR) FOR DAIRY CATTLE BY THE IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION METHOD”. Erciyes Tarım Ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 9, Oct. 2026, pp. 132-44, doi:10.55257/ethabd.2026491.
Vancouver
1.Ali Nabeel Abdulqader Abdulqader, Muhlis Macit. DETERMINATION OF THE USABILITY OF OLIVE CAKE (PRINA) AS A ROUGHAGE SOURCE IN TOTAL MIXED RATIONS (TMR) FOR DAIRY CATTLE BY THE IN VITRO GAS PRODUCTION METHOD. Erciyes Tarım ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026 Oct. 1;9:132-44. doi:10.55257/ethabd.2026491