Organik, İnorganik ve Nano Minerallerin Etlik Piliçlerde Etkinlikleri

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 20 - 26, 29.06.2021

İsmail Ulger , Hanife Fidan

Abstract

Artan nüfus ile birlikte ülkemizde 2019 yılında 1,2 milyon ton kırmızı et tüketilirken, 1,9 milyon ton da tavuk eti tüketilmiştir. Bu bağlamda üretim süresinin kısa, az işgücüne ihtiyaç duyması, iyi bir hayvansal protein kaynağı ve kırmızı etten daha ucuz olması gibi nedenlerden dolayı broyler üretimi kanatlı üretimi içerisinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Broyler yetiştiriciliğinde üretim sürecindeki verimliliği artırmaya yönelik üzerinde yoğun çalışma yapılan alanlardan biri de beslemedir. Beslemede temel amaç, çeşitli faktörlerin etkisinde olan kanatlının beslenme gereksinimlerini karşılamak ve yemlerin bileşiminde bulunan besin maddelerinden yararlanımı en yüksek düzeye çıkartmaktır. Broylerin hızlı büyüme ve gelişimi dikkate alındığında, sadece yüksek kalitede protein beslemesi sağlamasının değil, aynı zamanda uygun bir mineral dengesi oluşturmasının da önemli olduğu belirtilmektedir. Mineraller sadece kanatlılar değil tüm çiftlik hayvanları için gereklidir ve bunlar tek tek veya diğer minerallerle birlikte metabolik faaliyetler, farklı dokuların gelişimi ve onarımı, büyüme, bağışıklık ve üreme sistemleri gibi birçok olayda yer alırlar. Broylerde, mineral gereksinimleri diğer besin maddelerinden daha düşük olmasına rağmen, mineraller arasındaki antagonizma ve yem bileşenleriyle etkileşimleri biyoyararlanımı azaltabilmekte ve eksikliklere neden olabilmektedir. Son zamanlarda, farklı mineral formları ile broyler tavuklar üzerine birçok çalışma yapılmış. Özellikle kanatlı rasyonlarına katılan minerallerden en etkin şekilde yararlanılabilmesi amacıyla inorganik mineraller yerine organik mineral kaynaklarının kullanılması geçtiğimiz yıllarda gündeme gelmiştir. Benzer şekilde, günümüzde ise gerek inorganik gerekse organik mineral kaynaklarına alternatif olan ve yüksek düzeyde yararlanılabilirliğe sahip nano minerallerin yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanımına yönelik çalışmalar ise giderek hız kazanmaktadır. Bu derleme; son yıllarda etlik piliçlerdeki (broiler) organik mineral, inorganik mineral ve nano minerallerin etkinliklerine ilişkin literatür verilerini özetlemektedir.

Keywords

Organik mineral, İnorganik mineral, Nano mineral, Kanatlı, poultry

Efficiency of Organic, Inorganic and Nano Minerals in Broilers

Abstract

With the increasing population, 1.2 million tons of red meat was consumed in our country in 2019, while 1.9 million tons of chicken meat was consumed. In this context, broiler production has an important place in poultry production due to reasons such as short production time, requiring less labor, a good source of animal protein and being cheaper than red meat. Feeding is one of the areas on which intensive work has been done to increase efficiency in the production process in broiler breeding. The main purpose of feeding is to meet the nutritional needs of the birds, which are under the influence of various factors, and to maximize the utilization of nutrients in the composition of feeds. Given the rapid growth and development of broilers, it is noted that it is important not only to provide a high quality protein feed, but also to create an appropriate mineral balance. Minerals are essential for all livestock, not just poultry, and they are involved in many events, such as metabolic activities, development and repair of different tissues, growth, immune and reproductive systems, individually or in combination with other minerals. Although the mineral requirements of broilers are lower than other nutrients, their antagonism between minerals and their interactions with feed ingredients can reduce bioavailability and cause deficiencies. Recently, many studies have been done on broiler chickens with different mineral forms. In recent years, the use of organic mineral resources instead of inorganic minerals has come to the fore in order to make the most effective use of minerals that are added to poultry diets. Similarly, studies on the use of nano-minerals as feed additives, which are alternative to both inorganic and organic mineral sources and have high availability, are gaining momentum. This review; summarizes the literature data on the effectiveness of organic minerals, inorganic minerals and nano-minerals in broiler chickens in recent years.

Keywords

Organic mineral, Inorganic mineral, Nano mineral

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