ORTAOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN AKILLI TELEFON KULLANIMLARI VE BAĞIMLILIK DÜZEYLERİYLE İLGİLİ UNSURLAR

Öz

Bu çalışmada ortaokul 5. ve 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin akıllı telefon kullanım durumlarını ve bağımlılık düzeyi tespit etmek, bağımlılık düzeylerine ilişkili demografik değişkenleri ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmaktadır. 2015-2016 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde 5. ve 6. sınıfta okuyan 156 öğrenciyle gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada veriler “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılık Ölçeği (ATBÖ)” aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Çalışmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaklaşık yarısı her gün yaklaşık 1 saatten az akıllı telefon kullanmakta ve üçte biri ise akıllı telefonu 2-3 saatte bir kontrol etmektedir. Öğrencilerin akıllı telefonda yaptıkları işlemlere bakıldığında en sık yapılan işlemin “oyun oynama” olduğu görülmektedir. Akıllı telefon bağımlılık ölçeğinden elde edilen puanlara göre öğrencilerin yarıdan fazlası “Bağımlılık Gösterenler” grubunda yer almaktadır. Akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ölçeği için “cinsiyet, İnternet kullanım süresi, günlük akıllı telefon kullanım süresi, akıllı telefonu kontrol etme sıklığı, akıllı telefonla sosyal medya ortamlarına erişim/kontrol etme sıklığı” gruplarına ilişkin anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur. Diskriminant fonksiyonunun toplam doğru sınıflandırma olasılığı yüzdesi %63,7’dir. Araştırma sonucunda “akıllı telefonla sosyal medya ortamlarına erişim/kontrol etme sıklığı” değişkeninin bağımlılık gösteren ve göstermeyen öğrencileri en iyi sınıflandıran değişken olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın en temel sonucu kadın ve erkek öğrencilerin akıllı telefon bağımlılık düzeylerinde belirgin bir fark olduğu şeklindedir. Bu bağlamda bu farkın nedenlerinin incelenmesi ve diğer ülkelerde bu konu üzerine yapılan araştırmalarla elde edilen sonuçların karşılaştırılması önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• akıllı telefon kullanım amaçları,problemli akıllı telefon kullanımı,akıllı telefonu bağımlılığı,ortaokul öğrencileri

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SMARTPHONE USE AND ADDICTION AMONG MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS

Abstract

This study aims to determine the smart phone use and addiction levels of secondary school students from 5th and 6th grades and reveal the demographic variables concerning their addiction levels. In this study that was conducted with 156 students from 5th and 6th grades in the spring term of the school year of 2015-2016; the data were collected via “Personal Information Form” and “Smart Phone Addiction Scale (SPAS)”. Relational screening model was used in the study. Almost half of students that participated in the study use smart phones for less than an hour every day and one third of them check their smart phones every 2-3 hours. Considering the actions taken by students on their smart phones; it is observed that they mainly “play games”. According to the scores obtained from the Smart Phone Addiction Scale, more than half of students are involved in the group “Addiction Tendency”. Regarding the Smart Phone Addiction Scale, a significant difference was determined in the groups of “gender, duration of using internet, duration of using smart phones a day, frequency of checking smart phones, frequency of accessing/checking social media environments via smart phones”. The total percentage of accurately classifying the discriminant function was determined as 63,7%. As a result of the study, it was determined that the variable of “frequency of accessing/checking social media environments via smart phones” classified students displaying and not displaying addiction the best. Basic result of this study is that there is a distinct difference between the smart phone addiction levels of female and male students. In this context, it is recommended to examine the reasons of this difference and compare the results with relevant studies being conducted in other countries.

Keywords

• smartphone purposes,problematic smart phones usage,smartphone addiction,middle school students

References

1. Augner, C., & Hacker, G. W. (2012). Associations between problematic mobile phone use and psychological parameters in young adults. International Journal of Public Health, 57(2), 437-441.
2. Billieux, J., & Van der Linden, M. (2012). Problematic use of the Internet and selfregulation: A review of the initial studies. The Open Addiction Journal, 5, 24–29.
3. Choi, K., Son, H., Park, M., Han, J., Kim, K., Lee, B., et al. (2009). Internet overuse and excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 63(4), 455–462.
4. Choliz, M. (2012). Mobile-phone addiction in adolescence: The test of mobile phone dependence. Progress in Health Science, 2(1), 33-44.
5. Demirci, K., Orhan, H., Demirdas, A., Akpınar, A., & Sert, H. (2014). Validity and reliability of the Turkish Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale in a younger population. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 24(3), 226-234.
6. Hong, F. Y., Chiu, S. I., & Huang, D. H. (2012). A model of the relationship between psychological characteristics, mobile phone addiction and use of mobile phones by Taiwanese university female students. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(6), 2152-2159.
7. Kim H. (2013). Exercise rehabilitation for smartphone addiction. J Exerc Rehabil, 9(6), 500-5.
8. Kim, S., & Kim, R. (2002). A study of internet addiction: status, causes, and remedies. Journal of Korean Home Economics Association English Edition, 3(1).

9. Kwon, M., Kim, D-J., Cho, H., Yang, S. (2013). The Smartphone Addiction Scale: Development and Validation of a Short Version for Adolescents. PLoS ONE, 8(12): e83558. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083558
10. Kwon, M., Lee, J. Y., Won, W. Y., Park, J. W., Min, J. A., Hahn, C., & Kim, D. J. (2013). Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PloS one, 8(2).
11. Lee, H., Ahn, H., Choi, S., & Choi, W. (2014). The SAMS: Smartphone addiction management system and verification. Journal of medical systems, 38(1), 1-10.
12. Lin, Y. H., Lin, Y. C., Lee, Y. H., Lin, P. H., Lin, S. H., Chang, L. R., Kuo, T. B. (2015). Time distortion associated with smartphone addiction: identifying smartphone addiction via a mobile application. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 65, 139-145.
13. Morahan-Martin, J., & Schumacher, P. (2000). Incidence and correlates of pathological internet use among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 16(1), 13–29.
14. Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2012). Emotion regulation and psychopathology: The role of gender. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8, 61–87.
15. Oulasvirta, A., Rattenbury, T., Ma, L., & Raita, E. (2012). Habits make smartphone use more pervasive. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 16(1), 105-114.
16. Park, N., & Lee, H. (2012). Social implications of smartphone use: Korean college students’ smartphone use and psychological well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(9), 491-497.
17. Park, C., & Park, Y. R. (2014). The conceptual model on smartphone addiction among early childhood. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 2(4), 147-150.
18. Pi, S. Y. (2013). Self-diagnostic system for smartphone addiction using multiclass SVM. Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society, 24(1), 13-22.
19. Roberts, J. A. P., Yaya, L. H., & Manolis, C. (2014). The invisible addiction: Cell-phone activities and addiction among male and female college students. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(4), 254-265.
20. Salehan, M., & Negahban, A. (2013). Social networking on smartphones: When mobile phones become addictive. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2632-2639.
21. Statista (2016a). Number of smartphone users worldwide from 2014 to 2019 (in millions). http://www.statista.com/statistics/330695/number-of-smartphone-users-worldwide/ 10.10.2016 tarihinde adresinden erişilmiştir.
22. Statista (2016b). Number of smartphone users in Turkey from 2013 to 2019 (in millions). http://www.statista.com/statistics/467181/forecast-of-smartphone-users-in-turkey/ 10.10.2016 tarihinde adresinden erişilmiştir.
23. Thomee, S., Harenstam, A., & Hagberg, M. (2011). Mobile phone use and stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression among young adults a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 66-76.
24. Van Deursen, A. J., Bolle, C. L., Hegner, S. M., & Kommers, P. A. (2015). Modeling habitual and addictive smartphone behavior: the role of smartphone usage types, emotional intelligence, social stress, self-regulation, age, and gender. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 411-420.
25. Yıldırım, C., Sumuer, E., Adnan, M., & Yıldırım, S. (2015). A growing fear Prevalence of nomophobia among Turkish college students. Information Development, 1-10.