UZAKTAN EĞİTİM ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN UZAKTAN EĞİTİME YÖNELİK ALGILARI: BİR METAFOR ANALİZİ

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı, metafor (mecaz) tekniğini kullanarak uzaktan eğitim öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitime yönelik algılarını tespit etmektir. Çalışma grubunu 2014 yılında Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Uzaktan Eğitim Meslek Yüksekokulu’nda eğitim alan 220 katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden Olgubilim modeli seçilmiştir. Katılımcılardan demografik özelliklerinin yanı sıra  “Uzaktan Eğitim …………..gibidir. Çünkü………………..” ibaresindeki boşlukları çevrimiçi bir form aracılığıyla doldurmaları istenmiştir. Veriler içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilerek, temalar ve kategoriler oluşturulmuştur. Öğrencilerin uzaktan eğitim hakkındaki algıları belirlenen temalara ve kategorilere göre yorumlanmıştır. Metaforlar; Esneklik, Erişilebilirlik, Eğitsel, Etkileşim ve Duyuşsal olmak üzere beş kategoride toplanmıştır. Öğrencilerin çoğunluğunun olumlu metaforlar kullandığı ve uzaktan eğitime yönelik algılarının pozitif yönde olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

• Uzaktan eğitim algısı,metafor,uzaktan eğitim öğrencileri

DISTANCE EDUCATION PERCEPTIONS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION STUDENTS: A METAPHOR ANALYSIS

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions of distance education students about distance education by using metaphor technique. The working group included 220 students enrolled in Suleyman Demirel University, Distance Education Vocational School in 2014. Phenomenology method was chosen as the qualitative research design in this study. Participants were given a questionnaire consisting of demographic questions and the prompt “Distance Education is like …….…. Because ………..” to articulate their conceptualizations of distance education. The data were analyzed by content analysis method and then themes and categories were formed. The perceptions of students about distance education are interpreted according to the determined themes and categories. Metaphors were collected in five categories: Flexibility, Accessibility, Educational, Interaction and Affective. It was seen that the majority of the students were using positive metaphors and the perceptions of distance education were positive.

Keywords

• Distance education perception,metaphor,distance education students

References

1. Anderson, T. (2004). Toward a theory of online learning. Editör T. Anderson ve F. Elloumi, Theory and Practice of Online Learning (pp. 33-60). Athabasca, AB: Athabasca University.
2. Arbaugh, J. B. (2000). Virtual classroom characteristics and student satisfaction with internet-based MBA courses. Journal of Management Education, 24(1), 32–54.
3. Aydın, C.H. (2011). Açık ve uzaktan öğrenme: Öğrenci adaylarının bakış açısı. Ankara:Pegem Akademi.
4. Beaudoin, M. (1990). The instructor's changing role in distance education. The American Journal of Distance Education, 4(2), 21-29.
5. Besser, H. ve Donahue, S. (1996). Introduction and overview: Perspectives on distance independent education, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 47(11), 801-804.
6. Büyükkaragöz, S. ve Çivi, C. ( 1997). Genel öğretim metotları. İstanbul: Öz Eğitim.
7. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş., ve Demirel, F. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
8. Fedynich, L., Bradley, K. S. ve Bradley, J. (2015). Graduate students’ perceptions of online learning. Research in Higher Education Journal, 27.

9. Ferguson, J. M. ve DeFelice, A. E. (2010). Length of online course and student satisfaction, perceived learning, and academic performance. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 11(2), 73-84.
10. Fidan, M. (2017). Metaphors of blended learning’ students regarding the concept of distance education. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 9(1), 276-291.
11. Galusha, J. M. (1998). Barriers to learning in distance education. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED416377.pdf adresinden 15 Nisan 2017 tarihinde alınmıştır.
12. Gozzi, J. (1999). The power of metaphor in the age of electronic media. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 56(4), 380-404.
13. Gunawardena, C. N. ve McIsaac, M. S., (2004). Distance Education. Editör D. H. Jonassen, Handbook of research for educational communications and technology (2. bs) (pp. 355-395). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
14. Hartzell, G. (2002). The metaphor is the message. Library Journal. http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2002/06/ljarchives/the-metaphor-is-the-message/ adresinden 03 Ocak 2014 tarihinde alınmıştır.
15. Hill, J. R., Song, L. ve West, R. E. (2009). Social learning theory and web-based learning environments: A review of research and discussion of implications. The American Journal of Distance Education, 23(2), 88-103.
16. ICDE. (2009). Global trends in higher education, adult and distance learning. http://www.foresightfordevelopment.org/sobipro/download-file/46-336/54 adresinden 4 Ocak 2015 tarihinde alınmıştır.
17. ICDE. (2013). Open and distance policy briefing. http://www.icde.org/assets/AboutUs/Who_we_are/OpenandDistanceEducationPolicyBriefingMarch20133.pdf adresinden 15 Nisan 2017 tarihinde alınmıştır.
18. Keegan, D. (1995). Distance education technology for the new millennium: compressed video teaching. ZIFF Papiere. Hagen, Germany: Institute for Research into Distance Education. http://deposit.fernuni-hagen.de/1901/1/ZP_101.pdf adresinden 04.01.2014 tarihinde alınmıştır.
19. Kendall, J.E. ve Kendall, K.E. (1993). Metaphors and methodologies: Living beyond the systems machine. MIS Quarterly, 17, (2), 149-171.
20. Kerka, S. (1996). Distance learning, the Internet, and the world wide web. ERIC Digest, ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult, Career and Vocational Education, Columbus Ohio, ED395214 96. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED395214.pdf adresinden 03 Şubat 2017 tarihinde alınmıştır.
21. Kuong, H. C. (2009). An exploratory case study of students’ perceptions of online graduate education (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). University of Northern, Iowa.
22. Lenar, S., Artur, F., Ullubi, S. ve Nailya, B. (2014). Problems And Decision In The Field Of Distance Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 131, 111–117.
23. Miles, M. B. ve Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. London: Sage Publication.
24. Moore, M. G. ve Kearsley, G. (2011). Distance education: A systems view of online learning (3.bs). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
25. Oxford, R. L., Tomlinson, S., Barcelos, A., Harrington, C., Lavine, R. Z., Saleh, A. ve Longhini, A. (1998). Clashing metaphors about classroom teachers: Toward a systematic typology for the language teaching field. System, 26(1), 3-50.
26. Özkul, A.E. (2003), e-Öğrenme ve mühendislik eğitimi. TMOB Elektrik Mühendisleri Odası Dergisi, 41 (419), 18-27.
27. Picciano, A. G. (2002). Beyond student perceptions: Issues of interaction, presence, and performance in an online course. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 6(1), 21-40.
28. Rovai, A. P. (2002). Building sense of community at a distance. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 3(1), 1-16.
29. Saban, A. (2009). Öğretmen adaylarının öğrenci kavramına ilişkin sahip oldukları zihinsel imgeler. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 281-326.
30. Sahin, I. ve Shelley, M. (2008). Considering students’ perceptions: the distance education student satisfaction model. Educational Technology & Society, 11(3), 216–223.
31. Schlosser, C. A. ve Anderson, M. L. (1994). Distance Education: Review of the Literature. Ames, IA: Research Institute for Studies in Education, Iowa State University.
32. Simonson, M., Smaldino S., Albright M. ve Zvacek, S. (2012). Teaching and Learning at a Distance: Foundations of Distance Education (5. baskı.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
33. Sun, P. C., Tsai, R. J., Finger, G., Chen, Y. Y. ve Yeh, D. (2008). What drives a successful e-Learning? An empirical investigation of the critical factors influencing learner satisfaction. Computers and Education, 50(4), 1183–1202.
34. Sung, E. ve Mayer, R. E. (2012). Five facets of social presence in online distance education. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(5), 1738-1747.
35. Tessem, B., Bjørnestad B., Chen W. ve Nyre L. (2015). Word cloud visualisation of locative information. Journal of Location Based Services, 9(4), 254–272.
36. Thompson, L. ve Ku, H. Y. (2005). Chinese graduate students' experiences and attitudes toward online learning. Educational media international, 42(1), 33-47.
37. Tuncay, N. ve Özçınar, Z. (2009a). Distance education students' metaphors. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 2883–2888.
38. Tuncay, N. ve Özçınar, Z. (2009b). Lights' in Abstracts. IETC 2009 (9th International Educational Technology Conference), Ankara, Turkey Kongresine Sunulmuş Bildiri.
39. Tuncay, N., Stanescu, I. A. ve Tuncay, M. (2011). A Different Vision in eLearning:Metaphors. The Electronic Journal of E-Learning (EJEL), 9(1), 105-114.
40. Tremblay, R. (2006). Best practices and collaborative software in online teaching. (Technical evaluation report no: 55). International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 7(1), 1-5.
41. Vonderwell, S. (2003). An examination of asynchronous communication experiences and perspectives of students in an online course: A case study. The Internet and higher education, 6(1), 77-90.
42. WorldClouds. (2017). Free online word cloud generator and tag cloud creator. http://www.wordclouds.com/ adresinden 27 Nisan 2017 tarihinde alınmıştır.
43. Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2011). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
44. Yılmaz, G. K. ve Güven, B. (2015). Öğretmen adaylarının uzaktan eğitime yönelik algılarının metaforlar yoluyla belirlenmesi. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 6(2), 299-322.
45. YÖK. (2017). Yükseköğretim istatistikleri. https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr adresinden 27 Nisan 2017 tarihinde alınmıştır.
46. Zhang, D., Zhao, J. L., Zhou, L. ve Nunamaker Jr, J. F. (2004). Can e-learning replace classroom learning?. Communications of the ACM, 47(5), 75-79.
47. Zirkle, C. (2004). Access barriers experienced by adults in distance education courses and programs: A review of the research literature. the Midwest Research-to Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, Indiana University, Indianapolis Kongresine Sunulmuş Bildiri.