Gıda Tedarik Zincirinde Kamçı Etkisi Yaratan Kriterlerin Best-Worst Metodu ile Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Gıda tedarik zincirleri ekonomik refah seviyesinin ve toplumsal düzenin korunması açısından önemli görevlere sahip sistemlerdir. Bu sistemler gıdanın bozulabilir yapısından kaynaklı olarak hassas envanter, üretim ve dağıtım kararlarına ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Arzın talepten büyük olması durumunda ortaya çıkan ürün fazlası, ekonomik bir kayıptan öte, oluşan atık nedeniyle çevresel ekonomik ve toplumsal yönü olan çok boyutlu bir problem hâline gelmektedir. Fakat arzın talebi karşılamaması durumunda görülebilecek yok satma hâli de atık kadar önem taşımaktadır. Gıda tedarik zincirleri için her bir kademedeki talep planlaması bu açıdan kritik öneme sahiptir. Çalışmada gıda tedarik zincirlerinde kamçı etkisi yaratan kriterler araştırılmış ve belirlenen 8 adet kriter birbirleri ile karşılaştırılarak bir önem sırası ortaya konmuştur. Analiz için çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri içerisinde matematiksel model altyapısı ile ayrışarak tutarlı sonuçlar sunan BWM (Best-Worst Method) tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular sonucunda bilgi paylaşımı kriterinin gıda tedarik zinciri içerisinde en öncelikli kamçı etkisi yaratma potansiyeli taşıyan unsur olarak ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gıda Tedarik Zinciri
• Kamçı Etkisi
• BWM
• Çok Kriterli Karar Verme

Assessment of the Criteria Creating the Bullwhip Effect in the Food Supply Chain Using the Best-Worst Method

Abstract

Food supply chains are systems that maintain economic welfare and social order. These systems require sensitive inventory, production, and distribution decisions due to the perishable nature of food. When supply exceeds demand, the resulting excess product becomes a multidimensional problem with environmental, economic, and social aspects, rather than an economic loss due to the waste generated. However, the absence seen when supply does not meet demand is as important as waste. Demand planning at each stage for food supply chains is critical in this respect. In the study, the criteria that create a bullwhip effect in food supply chains were investigated and 8 determined criteria were compared with each other to reveal an order of importance. The BWM (Best-Worst Method) technique, which provides consistent results by separating with a mathematical model infrastructure within multi-criteria decision-making methods, was used for the analysis. As a result of the findings, it was seen that the information sharing criterion emerged as the most important element with the potential to create a bullwhip effect in the food supply chain.

Keywords

• Food Supply Chain
• Bullwhip Effect
• BWM
• Multi-Criteria Decision Making

References

1. Aytaç, M. A., & Öztek, M. Y. (2024). “The Importance of the Bullwhip Effect in Services Supply Chain and a Research in the Telecommunication Sector”. Econharran Harran Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8 (2), 1-14.
2. Bhattacharya, R., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2011). “A review of the causes of bullwhip effect in a supply chain”. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 54, 1245-1261.
3. Braz, A. C., De Mello, A. M., de Vasconcelos Gomes, L. A., & de Souza Nascimento, P. T. (2018). “The bullwhip effect in closed-loop supply chains: A systematic literature review”. Journal of cleaner production, 202, 376-389.
4. Durán Peña, J. A., Ortiz Bas, Á., & Reyes Maldonado, N. M. (2021). “Impact of bullwhip effect in quality and waste in perishable supply chain”. Processes, 9 (7), 1232.
5. Fransoo, J. C., & Wouters, M. J. (2000). “Measuring the bullwhip effect in the supply chain”. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 5 (2), 78-89.
6. Hull, B. Z. (2005). “Are supply (driven) chains forgotten?”. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 16 (2), 218-236.
7. Jain, R., Verma, M., & Jaggi, C. K. (2021). “Impact on bullwhip effect in food industry due to food delivery apps”. Opsearch, 58 (1), 148-159.
8. Karimi, H., Sadeghi-Dastaki, M., & Javan, M. (2020). “A fully fuzzy best–worst multi attribute decision making method with triangular fuzzy number: A case study of maintenance assessment in the hospitals”. Applied Soft Computing, 86, 105882.

9. Koc, E. (2021). “Hizmet Tedarik Zincirlerinde Kamçı Etkisine Neden Olan Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi”. Gaziantep Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3 (1), 30-45.
10. Lee, H. L., Padmanabhan, V., & Whang, S. (1997). “Information distortion in a supply chain: The bullwhip effect”. Management science, 43 (4), 546-558.
11. Lin, S. M. (2022). “Using TODIM Approach with TOPSIS and Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets for MCDM Problems in the Bullwhip Effect”. Open Journal of Business and Management, 10 (3), 1497-1523.
12. Novitasari, N., & Damayanti, D. D. (2018, April). “Systematic literature review and improved model for mitigating bullwhip effect in low shelf life food supply chain”. In 2018 5th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Applications (ICIEA) (pp. 531-535). IEEE.
13. Okorie, O., Russell, J., Jin, Y., Turner, C., Wang, Y., & Charnley, F. (2022). “Removing Barriers to Blockchain use in Circular Food Supply Chains: Practitioner Views on Achieving Operational Effectiveness”. Cleaner Logistics and Supply Chain, 100087.
14. Özdağoğlu, A. (2016). “Tedarik Zincirinde Kamçı Etkisini Oluşturan Faktörlerin Simülasyon Programı ile Analizi”. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16 (Özel Sayı), 161-178.
15. Paksoy, T., & Keskin, E. (2006). “Tedarik Zincirinde Bilgi Çarpıtmasının Etkisi: Kırbaç Etkisi”. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (15), 483-496.
16. Park, K. (2020). “A heuristic simulation–optimization approach to information sharing in supply chains”. Symmetry, 12 (8), 1319.
17. Rahman, M. H., Rahman, M. A., & Talapatra, S. (2020). “The bullwhip effect: causes, intensity, and mitigation”. Production & Manufacturing Research, 8 (1), 406-426.
18. Rezaei, J. (2015). “Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method”. Omega, 53, 49-57.
19. Rezaei, J., Wang, J. and Tavasszy, L. (2015). “Linking supplier development to supplier segmentation using Best Worst Method”. Expert Systems with Applications, 42, 9152-9164.
20. Rezaei, J. (2016). “Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method: Some properties and a linear model”. Omega, 64, 126-130.
21. Singh, R. K., Kumar, A., Garza-Reyes, J. A., & de Sá, M. M. (2020). “Managing operations for circular economy in the mining sector: An analysis of barriers intensity”. Resources Policy, 69, 101752.
22. Somashekhar, I. C., Raju, J. K., & Patil, H. (2013). “Reducing bullwhip effect in fresh food vegetable supply chain management: A strategic approach for inclusive growth”. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 2 (3), 53-64.
23. Sucky, E. (2009). “The bullwhip effect in supply chains—An overestimated problem?”. International Journal of Production Economics, 118 (1), 311-322.
24. Tursun, A. (2024). “Konut Tedarik Zincirinde Kamçı Etkisinin Araştırılması”. Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis, 9 (2), 475-492.
25. Vokhmyanina, A., Zhuravskaya, M., & Osmólski, W. (2018). “The issue of bullwhip-effect evaluating in supply chain management”. LogForum, 14 (2), 163-170.
26. Wangphanich, P., Kara, S., & Kayis, B. (2010). “Analysis of the bullwhip effect in multi-product, multi-stage supply chain systems–a simulation approach”. International journal of production Research, 48 (15), 4501-4517.
27. Yegengil, M., Çelik, V., Arslan, H., & Sevinç, A. (2012). “Tedarik Zinciri Yönetiminde Kamçı Etkisinin İncelenmesi”. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 4 (1), 7-15.
28. Yildizbasi, A. (2021). “Blockchain and renewable energy: Integration challenges in circular economy era”. Renewable Energy, 176, 183-197.
29. Zhang, X., & Burke, G. J. (2011). “Analysis of compound bullwhip effect causes”. European journal of operational research, 210 (3), 514-526.