Gıda Tedarik Zincirinde Kamçı Etkisi Yaratan Kriterlerin Best-Worst Metodu ile Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Gıda tedarik zincirleri ekonomik refah seviyesinin ve toplumsal düzenin korunması açısından önemli görevlere sahip sistemlerdir. Bu sistemler gıdanın bozulabilir yapısından kaynaklı olarak hassas envanter, üretim ve dağıtım kararlarına ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Arzın talepten büyük olması durumunda ortaya çıkan ürün fazlası, ekonomik bir kayıptan öte, oluşan atık nedeniyle çevresel ekonomik ve toplumsal yönü olan çok boyutlu bir problem hâline gelmektedir. Fakat arzın talebi karşılamaması durumunda görülebilecek yok satma hâli de atık kadar önem taşımaktadır. Gıda tedarik zincirleri için her bir kademedeki talep planlaması bu açıdan kritik öneme sahiptir. Çalışmada gıda tedarik zincirlerinde kamçı etkisi yaratan kriterler araştırılmış ve belirlenen 8 adet kriter birbirleri ile karşılaştırılarak bir önem sırası ortaya konmuştur. Analiz için çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri içerisinde matematiksel model altyapısı ile ayrışarak tutarlı sonuçlar sunan BWM (Best-Worst Method) tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular sonucunda bilgi paylaşımı kriterinin gıda tedarik zinciri içerisinde en öncelikli kamçı etkisi yaratma potansiyeli taşıyan unsur olarak ortaya çıktığı görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gıda Tedarik Zinciri
• Kamçı Etkisi
• BWM
• Çok Kriterli Karar Verme

Assessment of the Criteria Creating the Bullwhip Effect in the Food Supply Chain Using the Best-Worst Method

Abstract

Food supply chains are systems that maintain economic welfare and social order. These systems require sensitive inventory, production, and distribution decisions due to the perishable nature of food. When supply exceeds demand, the resulting excess product becomes a multidimensional problem with environmental, economic, and social aspects, rather than an economic loss due to the waste generated. However, the absence seen when supply does not meet demand is as important as waste. Demand planning at each stage for food supply chains is critical in this respect. In the study, the criteria that create a bullwhip effect in food supply chains were investigated and 8 determined criteria were compared with each other to reveal an order of importance. The BWM (Best-Worst Method) technique, which provides consistent results by separating with a mathematical model infrastructure within multi-criteria decision-making methods, was used for the analysis. As a result of the findings, it was seen that the information sharing criterion emerged as the most important element with the potential to create a bullwhip effect in the food supply chain.

Keywords

• Food Supply Chain
• Bullwhip Effect
• BWM
• Multi-Criteria Decision Making

Kaynakça

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