Abstract

Trade openness is an essential component of economic growth, and the relationship between trade openness and energy consumption has been an important topic of discussion among academics and researchers. The purpose of this study is to deal with the symmetric and asymmetric causality between Turkey's trade openness and energy consumption. For this purpose, using Turkey's annual data for the period between 1980-2015 years, the causality relationship between trade openness and energy consumption was analyzed by symmetrical Toda-Yamamoto causality test and asymmetric Hatemi-J causality test. It was determined that there is bi-directional causality relationship both from trade openness to energy consumption and from energy consumption to trade openness according to the symmetric Toda-Yamamoto causality test. According to the results of the Hatemi-J asymmetric causality test, no asymmetric causality relationship between the trade openness and energy consumption has been determined. By promoting industrialization, trade openness will be able to affect economic growth and economic growth will result in an increase in energy demand. Due to the expansion of trade openness, the increased in the number of technological products will be able to contribute to the country's energy efficiency policies by encouraging the production and use of lower-cost energy.

Keywords

• Trade Openness,Energy consumption,Symmetric Causality,Asymmetric Causality

TİCARİ DIŞA AÇIKLIK İLE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ ARASINDAKİ SİMETRİK VE ASİMETRİK NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Abstract

Ticari açıklık, ekonomik büyümenin temel bir bileşeni olup ticari açıklık ve enerji tüketimi arasındaki ilişki, akademisyenler ve araştırmacılar arasında önemli bir tartışma konusu olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin ticari açıklığı ile enerji tüketimi arasındaki simetrik ve asimetrik nedensellik ilişkisini ele almaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Türkiye’nin 1980-2015 yılları arasındaki döneme ait yıllık veriler kullanılarak, ticari dışa açıklık ile enerji tüketimi arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi Toda-Yamamoto simetrik Nedensellik testi ve Hatemi-J asimetrik nedensellik testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan simetrik Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik testine göre, hem ticari dışa açıklıktan enerji tüketimine hem de enerji tüketiminden ticari açıklığa çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Hatemi-J asimetrik nedensellik testi sonuçlarına göre ise, ticari dışa açıklık ile enerji tüketimi arasında herhangi bir asimetrik nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilememiştir. Ticari açıklık, sanayileşmeyi teşvik ederek, ekonomik büyümeyi de etkileyebilecek ve ekonomik büyüme de beraberinde enerji talebinde artışı ortaya çıkaracaktır. Ticari açıklığın genişlemesi sayesinde teknolojik ürün sayısının artması, daha düşük maliyetli enerji üretimini ve kullanımını özendirerek ülke enerji verimlilik politikalarına katkı sağlayabilecektir.

Keywords

• Ticari Dışa Açıklık,Enerji Tüketimi,Simetrik Nedensellik,Asimetrik Nedensellik

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