The Relationship between Environmental Taxes, Air Transportation and CO2 Emissions: A Study on European Countries

Year 2025, Issue: 21, 15 - 33

Erkam Emin Ayvaz

Abstract

The topic of CO2 emissions from air transportation remains a major environmental concern. As the aviation industry expands, so does its carbon footprint, which contributes to climate change. To tackle this issue, policymakers and governments are exploring the possibility of implementing environmental taxes on air transportation. The objective of these taxes is to encourage airlines to invest in cleaner technologies and improve efficiency to reduce emissions. However, achieving a balance between environmental sustainability and economic viability remains a challenge in the complex and interconnected global sector of air transport. This study analyzes the relationship between CO2 emissions, environmental taxes, fossil fuel consumption, tourism, and air transport in 25 European countries from 1995 to 2021. To estimate the correlation, a Panel Vector Autoregression model is used. The results indicate that current environmental taxes are inadequate in reducing CO2 emissions. Additionally, the findings demonstrate that CO2 emissions increase due to fossil fuel consumption, tourism, and air transportation. Furthermore, there are several causal connections between air transportation, tourism, environmental taxes, and CO2 emissions.

Keywords

Air Transportation, Environmental Taxes, CO2 Emissions, PVAR

Çevre Vergileri, Hava Taşımacılığı ve CO2 Emisyonları İlişkisi: Avrupa Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Hava taşımacılığından kaynaklanan CO2 emisyonları konusu önemli çevresel kaygılar yaratmaya devam etmektedir. Havacılık sektörü büyüdükçe karbon ayak izi de büyümekte ve iklim değişikliğine katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bunu ele almak için hükümetler ve politika yapıcılar hava taşımacılığına çevre vergileri uygulamayı düşünmektedir. Bu vergiler, havayolu şirketlerini daha temiz teknolojilere yatırım yaparak ve verimliliği artırarak emisyonları azaltmaya teşvik etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ancak, çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ve ekonomik uygulanabilirlik arasında bir denge bulmak, bu karmaşık ve birbirine bağlı küresel sektörde bir zorluk olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışma, 1995-2021 yılları arasında 25 Avrupa ülkesinde CO2 emisyonları, çevre vergileri, fosil yakıt tüketimi, turizm ve hava taşımacılığı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Korelasyonu tahmin etmek için Panel Vektör Otoregresyon modeli kullanılmaktadır. Sonuçlar, mevcut çevre vergilerinin CO2 emisyonlarını azaltmak için yeterli olmadığını desteklemektedir. Bulgular ayrıca fosil yakıt tüketimi, turizm ve hava taşımacılığının CO2 emisyonlarında artışa yol açtığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, hava taşımacılığı, turizm, çevre vergileri ve CO2 emisyonları arasında çeşitli nedensellikler bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

Hava Taşımacılığı, Çevre Vergisi, CO2 Emisyonu, PVAR

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