Maternal Kafeterya Diyeti ve Omega-3 Takviyesi: Yetişkinlikte Metabolizma ve Davranış Üzerine Etkiler

Abstract

Maternal sağlıksız beslenme nedeniyle intrauterin ortamdaki fetal programlama, yavrularda ileriki yaşamda hastalık riskini artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, maternal dönemde kafeterya diyetiyle beslenen anne farelere yapılan omega-3 takviyesinin, yavruların yetişkinlikteki öğrenme-hafıza fonksiyonları ve metabolik parametreler (glukoz, insülin ve leptin) üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gebe C57BL/6J cinsi fareler kafeterya diyeti veya kontrol diyeti alan ve omega-3 takviyesi (300 mg/kg/gün) yapılan/yapılmayan dört maternal gruba ayrılmıştır. Yavrular 3 haftalık olduğunda ise kontrol veya kafeterya diyetine ayrılarak sekiz grup oluşturulmuş ve 8 hafta takip edilmiştir: maternal kontrol – yavru kontrol, maternal kontrol – yavru kafeterya, maternal kafeterya – yavru kontrol, maternal kafeterya – yavru kafeterya, maternal kontrol+omega-3 – yavru kontrol, maternal kontrol+omega-3 – yavru kafeterya, maternal kafeterya+omega-3 – yavru kontrol, maternal kafeterya+omega-3 – yavru kafeterya. Davranış testleri uygulanmış ve 11 haftalıkken kan ve doku örnekleri alınmıştır. Maternal kafeterya ve yavru kontrol diyetiyle beslenen yetişkin farelerin uzun süreli öğrenme performansının daha iyi olduğu gösterilmiştir. Maternal kafeterya+omega-3 takviyesi alan farelerin yavru kontrol diyeti yerine kafeterya diyetiyle beslenmesi, uzamsal hafıza performansını olumsuz etkilemiştir. Maternal kafeterya diyetinin, yavruların yetişkin yaşamlarındaki glukoz ve insülin homeostazı üzerine olumsuz etkileri olduğu bulunmuştur. Maternal kafeterya diyetine yapılan omega-3 takviyesinin ise insülin homeostazındaki bu olumsuz metabolik fenotip oluşumunu engelleyebileceği gösterilmiştir. Ancak maternal kontrol diyetine yapılan omega-3 takviyesi, yetişkin farelerde olumsuz glukoz ve insülin metabolizmasına neden olmuştur. Maternal ve yavru diyetinin leptin üzerine herhangi bir etkisi saptanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmayla maternal kafeterya diyetinin ve/veya omega-3 takviyesinin, yavruların yetişkinlikteki metabolik parametreleri ve davranışları üzerine etkileri ortaya konmuştur.

Keywords

• Davranış
• kafeterya diyeti
• maternal diyet
• metabolik parametreler
• omega-3 yağ asidi

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından TYL-2021-11228 proje kodu ile desteklenmiştir.

Project Number

TYL-2021-11228

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma için Erciyes Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulundan onay alınmıştır (Tarih: 03.02.2021, Sayı: 21/44).

Thanks

Erciyes Üniversitesi GENKÖK Genom ve Kök Hücre Merkezi'ne hayvan deneyleri için gerekli ortamı, laboratuvar alanını ve ekipmanları sağladığı için teşekkür ederiz.

Maternal Cafeteria Diet and Omega-3 Supplementation: Effects on Metabolism and Behavior in Adulthood

Abstract

Fetal programming in the intrauterine environment due to unhealthy maternal nutrition increases the risk of disease in offspring in later life. This study aimed to examine the effects of omega-3 supplementation to dams fed cafeteria diet during the maternal period on learning-memory functions and metabolic parameters (glucose, insulin, and leptin) in offspring in adulthood. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were divided into four maternal groups feeding cafeteria or control diet and with or without omega-3 supplementation (300 mg/kg/day). The offspring were divided into control or cafeteria diets when they were three weeks old. Eight groups were formed, and offspring followed for eight weeks: maternal control – offspring control, maternal control – offspring cafeteria, maternal cafeteria – offspring control, maternal cafeteria–offspring cafeteria, maternal control+omega-3 – offspring control, maternal control+omega-3 – offspring cafeteria, maternal cafeteria+omega-3 – offspring control, maternal cafeteria+omega-3 – offspring cafeteria. Behavioral tests were applied. Blood and tissue samples were taken at 11 weeks of age. Adult mice fed the maternal cafeteria and offspring control diet have been shown to have better long-term learning performance. In mice fed the maternal cafeteria+omega-3 supplementation, feeding the offspring cafeteria diet instead of the offspring control diet negatively affected spatial memory performance in adulthood. Maternal cafeteria diet has been found to cause adverse effects on glucose and insulin homeostasis of offspring in adult life. It has been shown that omega-3 supplementation in the maternal cafeteria diet can prevent this negative metabolic phenotype in insulin homeostasis. However, omega-3 supplementation to the maternal control diet caused adverse glucose and insulin metabolism in adulthood. No effect of maternal and offspring cafeteria diet on leptin was detected. In conclusion, this study revealed the effects of a maternal cafeteria diet and/or omega-3 supplementation on metabolic parameters and behavior in offspring in adulthood.

Keywords

• Behaviors
• cafeteria diet
• maternal diet
• metabolic parameters
• omega-3 fatty acid

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit with project numbers of TYL-2021-11228.

Project Number

TYL-2021-11228

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval was received for this study from the Local Animal Experiments Ethics Committee of Erciyes University (Date: 03.02.2021, Number: 21/44).

Thanks

We are thankful to the Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Research Center at Erciyes University (GENKOK) for providing animal facilities, laboratory space, and equipment.

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