Research Article

A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek's Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Volume: 35 Number: 2 August 25, 2026
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A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek's Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Abstract

In recent years, artificial intelligence technologies have become a source of information for patients seeking answers to questions related to medicine and dentistry. Antibiotic prophylaxis is administered prior to invasive dental and medical procedures to prevent systemic complications. Patients who turn to artificial intelligence tools for information now require accurate and consistent responses based on current guidelines. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy and consistency of answers provided by two artificial intelligence applications (ChatGPT 4.0 and DeepSeek) to patient-generated questions about the use of antibiotic prophylaxis. Thirty frequently asked questions regarding antibiotic prophylaxis were identified through a literature review and clinical experience. These questions were posed to both artificial intelligence platforms and the responses were recorded. The responses were then independently evaluated by specialists in periodontology and cardiology using the modified Global Quality Scale. Differences between the platforms were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and inter-rater agreement was assessed using the Cohen's kappa (κ) coefficient. The mean scale score was 4.56±0.56 for ChatGPT 4.0 and 4.55± 0.62 for DeepSeek. A statistically significant difference was found between the two experts only for ChatGPT, with the cardiologist assigning higher scores than the periodontist. Moderate but significant inter-rater agreement was observed only for DeepSeek (κ = 0.547). These tools show potential as information resources for antibiotic prophylaxis in both periodontology and cardiology, but there are still areas for improvement, bearing in mind the study’s limitations. However, the observed inter-specialty differences highlight the need for multidisciplinary validation and refinement. More comprehensive studies involving contributions from different specialties are required to enhance their reliability and accuracy.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

The authors received no financial support for this study.

Ethical Statement

This study did not use human or animal-derived materials, so ethics committee approval was not required. All data are available on public platforms.

Thanks

The authors have no acknowledgements to declare.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Periodontics

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

August 25, 2026

Submission Date

November 4, 2025

Acceptance Date

May 6, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 35 Number: 2

APA
Acıpınar, Ş., Şahinbaş, M., Aydın, İ. S., & Yalçın, M. (2026). A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 35(2), 427-434. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1817475
AMA
1.Acıpınar Ş, Şahinbaş M, Aydın İS, Yalçın M. A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;35(2):427-434. doi:10.34108/eujhs.1817475
Chicago
Acıpınar, Şükran, Mehmet Şahinbaş, İrem Sude Aydın, and Merve Yalçın. 2026. “A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 35 (2): 427-34. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1817475.
EndNote
Acıpınar Ş, Şahinbaş M, Aydın İS, Yalçın M (August 1, 2026) A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 35 2 427–434.
IEEE
[1]Ş. Acıpınar, M. Şahinbaş, İ. S. Aydın, and M. Yalçın, “A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis”, Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 427–434, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.34108/eujhs.1817475.
ISNAD
Acıpınar, Şükran - Şahinbaş, Mehmet - Aydın, İrem Sude - Yalçın, Merve. “A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 35/2 (August 1, 2026): 427-434. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1817475.
JAMA
1.Acıpınar Ş, Şahinbaş M, Aydın İS, Yalçın M. A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;35:427–434.
MLA
Acıpınar, Şükran, et al. “A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 35, no. 2, Aug. 2026, pp. 427-34, doi:10.34108/eujhs.1817475.
Vancouver
1.Şükran Acıpınar, Mehmet Şahinbaş, İrem Sude Aydın, Merve Yalçın. A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026 Aug. 1;35(2):427-34. doi:10.34108/eujhs.1817475