Araştırma Makalesi

A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek's Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2 25 Ağustos 2026
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A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek's Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Öz

In recent years, artificial intelligence technologies have become a source of information for patients seeking answers to questions related to medicine and dentistry. Antibiotic prophylaxis is administered prior to invasive dental and medical procedures to prevent systemic complications. Patients who turn to artificial intelligence tools for information now require accurate and consistent responses based on current guidelines. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy and consistency of answers provided by two artificial intelligence applications (ChatGPT 4.0 and DeepSeek) to patient-generated questions about the use of antibiotic prophylaxis. Thirty frequently asked questions regarding antibiotic prophylaxis were identified through a literature review and clinical experience. These questions were posed to both artificial intelligence platforms and the responses were recorded. The responses were then independently evaluated by specialists in periodontology and cardiology using the modified Global Quality Scale. Differences between the platforms were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and inter-rater agreement was assessed using the Cohen's kappa (κ) coefficient. The mean scale score was 4.56±0.56 for ChatGPT 4.0 and 4.55± 0.62 for DeepSeek. A statistically significant difference was found between the two experts only for ChatGPT, with the cardiologist assigning higher scores than the periodontist. Moderate but significant inter-rater agreement was observed only for DeepSeek (κ = 0.547). These tools show potential as information resources for antibiotic prophylaxis in both periodontology and cardiology, but there are still areas for improvement, bearing in mind the study’s limitations. However, the observed inter-specialty differences highlight the need for multidisciplinary validation and refinement. More comprehensive studies involving contributions from different specialties are required to enhance their reliability and accuracy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

The authors received no financial support for this study.

Etik Beyan

This study did not use human or animal-derived materials, so ethics committee approval was not required. All data are available on public platforms.

Teşekkür

The authors have no acknowledgements to declare.

Kaynakça

  1. Martins CC, Lockhart PB, Firmino RT, et al. Bacteremia following different oral procedures: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2024;30(3):846-854. doi:10.1111/odi.14531
  2. Wilson WR, Gewitz M, Lockhart PB, et al. Prevention of Viridans Group Streptococcal Infective Endocarditis: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;143(20):e963-e978. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000969
  3. Farshidfar N, Hamedani S, Amiri MA, Tovani-Palone MR, Nemati S. Modifications to the 2021 American Heart Association guideline for antibiotic prophylaxis prior to invasive dental procedures: Strengths and pitfalls. Spec Care Dentist. 2022;42(2):203-205. doi:10.1111/scd.12655
  4. Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: The Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). Eur Heart J. 2015;36(44):3075-3128. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv319
  5. Sperotto F, France K, Gobbo M, et al. Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Infective Endocarditis Incidence Following Invasive Dental Procedures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Cardiol. 2024;9(7):599-610. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.0873
  6. Sadanandam S, Ruby GF, Singer SR, Shreevats R. Artificial Intelligence: What Is Current in Dentistry?. Dent Clin North Am. 2026;70(1):99-115. doi:10.1016/j.cden.2025.07.008
  7. Yeo YH, Samaan JS, Ng WH, et al. Assessing the performance of ChatGPT in answering questions regarding cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2023;29(3):721-732. doi:10.3350/cmh.2023.0089
  8. Özcivelek T, Özcan B. Comparative evaluation of responses from DeepSeek-R1, ChatGPT-o1, ChatGPT-4, and dental GPT chatbots to patient inquiries about dental and maxillofacial prostheses. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):871. doi:10.1186/s12903-025-06267-w

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Periodontoloji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

25 Ağustos 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

4 Kasım 2025

Kabul Tarihi

6 Mayıs 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Acıpınar, Ş., Şahinbaş, M., Aydın, İ. S., & Yalçın, M. (2026). A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 35(2), 427-434. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1817475
AMA
1.Acıpınar Ş, Şahinbaş M, Aydın İS, Yalçın M. A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;35(2):427-434. doi:10.34108/eujhs.1817475
Chicago
Acıpınar, Şükran, Mehmet Şahinbaş, İrem Sude Aydın, ve Merve Yalçın. 2026. “A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 35 (2): 427-34. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1817475.
EndNote
Acıpınar Ş, Şahinbaş M, Aydın İS, Yalçın M (01 Ağustos 2026) A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 35 2 427–434.
IEEE
[1]Ş. Acıpınar, M. Şahinbaş, İ. S. Aydın, ve M. Yalçın, “A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis”, Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 35, sy 2, ss. 427–434, Ağu. 2026, doi: 10.34108/eujhs.1817475.
ISNAD
Acıpınar, Şükran - Şahinbaş, Mehmet - Aydın, İrem Sude - Yalçın, Merve. “A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 35/2 (01 Ağustos 2026): 427-434. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.1817475.
JAMA
1.Acıpınar Ş, Şahinbaş M, Aydın İS, Yalçın M. A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;35:427–434.
MLA
Acıpınar, Şükran, vd. “A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 35, sy 2, Ağustos 2026, ss. 427-34, doi:10.34108/eujhs.1817475.
Vancouver
1.Şükran Acıpınar, Mehmet Şahinbaş, İrem Sude Aydın, Merve Yalçın. A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of ChatGPT and DeepSeek’s Effectiveness in Answering Questions on Antibiotic Prophylaxis. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 01 Ağustos 2026;35(2):427-34. doi:10.34108/eujhs.1817475