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HUMAN PAPİLLOMA VİRÜS (HPV) GÜNCEL TEDAVİ VE KORUNMA YÖNTEMLERİ

Year 2017, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 189 - 192, 01.07.2017

Abstract

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) İnsan Papilloma Virüsü
olarak bilinmektedir. Yaklaşık 40 türü siğile neden olurken, bazı türleri ise kansere kadar ilerleyebilen hastalık
tablosuna sebep olur ve en fazla rastlanan kanser türü
rahim ağzı kanseridir. HPV’ nin 40'tan fazla çeşidi insanlarda genital bölgeyi enfekte etmekle birlikte bir kısmı
yüksek risk, bir kısmı ise düşük risk grubundadır. Virüs
ile enfekte insanların %40’ı cinsel hayatın ilk iki yılı
içinde enfeksiyonu geçirirler. Kanser öncesi lezyonlar
20-29’ lu yaşlarda pik yaparken, kanser 40- 49’lu yaşlarda pik yapmaktadır. Erken teşhisin önemi tedaviyi
mümkün kılabilmesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Günümüzde üç farklı HPV aşısı bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki
2006 yılında uygulanmaya başlayan Gardasil’ dir. Bunu
Cervarix ve Gardasil 9 takip etmiştir. Gardasil ve
Gardasil 9 aşıları hem rahim ağzı kanseri hem de genital
siğilleri önlemeye yönelik iken, Cervarix sadece rahim
ağzı kanserine karşı koruma sağlamaktadır. Rahim ağzı
kanserinin evreleri 1A’dan başlayıp 4B’ye kadar gitmektedir. 1A aşamasından 4B’ye doğru ilerlerken tedavi
zorlaşmakta ve 4B aşamasında sadece palyatif tedavi
uygulanabilmektedir. Siğil tedavisinde ise tekli tedaviler
uygulanabildiği gibi kombine tedaviler de uygulanabilmektedir.

References

  • 1. De Villiers EM, Fauquet C, Broker TR, et al. Classification of papillomaviruses. J Virol 2004; 324:17-27.
  • 2. Satterwhite CL, Torrone E, Meites E, et al. Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2008. Sex Transm Dis 2013; 40(3):187–193.
  • 3. Koyuncu E. Taksim Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Polikliniği’ne Başvuran Hastaların Servikal Sitolojilerinin Servikal Kanser Risk Faktörlerine Göre Analizi–Normal ve Anormal Sitolojik Sonuçlarda Yüksek Onkojenik Riskli HPV Prevalansı. Uzmanlık Tezi, Sağlık Bakanlığı Taksim Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği, İstanbul 2006; ss 27.
  • 4. Jemal A, Simard EP, Dorell C, et al. Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2009, featuring the burden and trends in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers and HPV vaccination coverage levels. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105(3):175-201.
  • 5. Markowitz LE, Dunne EF, Saraiiya M, et al. Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP). Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2007; 56:1-23.
  • 6. Brisson J, Morin C, Fortier M, et al. Risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: differences between low- and high-grade lesions. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 140:700-710.
  • 7. Einstein MH, Baron M, Levin MJ, et al. Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety of Cervarix™ and Gardasil® human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical cancer vaccines in healthy women aged 18–45 years. Human Vaccines 2009; 5(10):705- 719.
  • 8. Petrosky E, Bocchini JA, Hariri S, et al. Use of 9- valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine: Updated HPV vaccination recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015; 64(11):300-304.
  • 9. Stokley S, Vogt T, Shefer A. Increasing adolescent vaccination coverage: the challenges that remain. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2011; 165(6):568-570.
  • 10. Valentino K, Poronsky CB. Human papillomavirus infection and vaccination. J Pediat Nurs 2016; 31:155-156.
  • 11. Glaxo Smith Kline’s web site. https:// www.gsksource.com/cervarix (16.02.2016)
  • 12. Roberts C, Green T, Hess E, et al. Development of a human papillomavirus competitive luminex immunoassay for 9 HPV types. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10(8):2168-2174
  • 13. 17.02.2016. FDA’s official web site. http:// www.fda.gov (17.02.2016)
  • 14. Garland SM, Steben M, Sings HL, et al. Natural history of genital warts: analysis of the placebo arm of 2 randomized phase III trials of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) vaccine. J Infect Dis 2009; 199: 805– 814.
  • 15. Myers ER, McCrory DC, Nanda K, et al. Mathematical model for the natural history of human papillomavirus infection and cervical carcinogenesis. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 151:1158– 1171.
  • 16. Perez CA, Grigsby PW, Nene SM, et al. Effect of tumor size on the prognosis of carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with irradiation alone. Cancer 1992; 69(11):2796-2806.
  • 17. Gotovtseva EP, Kapadia AS, Smolensky MH, et al. Optimal frequency of imiquimod (aldara) 5% cream for the treatment of external genital warts in immunocompetent adults: meta-analysis. Sex Transm Dis 2008; 35:346–351.
  • 18. Tatti S, Swinehart JM, THielert C, et al. Sinecatechins, a defined gren tea extract, in the treatment of external anogenital warts: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 111:1371-1379.
  • 19. Kirby P, Dunne A, King DH, Corey L. Double-blind randomized clinical trial of self-administered podofilox solution versus vehicle in the treatment of genital warts. Am J Med 1990; 88(5):465-469.
  • 20. Agnieszka K, Riemer AB. The invisible enemy – how human papillomaviruses avoid recognition and clearance by the host immune system. Open Virol J 2012; 6:249–256.
  • 21. Juhl ME, Seferovic V, Antonijevic S, et al. Combined treatment of anogenital HPV infection with cryodestruction, podophyllin 25% and postablation immunomodulation with sinecatechins 15% ointment – a retrospective analysis. Int J of STD & AIDS 2016; 27(12):1071-1078.

Human Papilloma Virus (Hpv) Current Treatment and Proteciıon Procedure

Year 2017, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 189 - 192, 01.07.2017

Abstract

HPV is a virus is known as Human Papilloma Virus and
approximately 40 types of it can cause warts. Most
observed cancer type is cervical cancer, as some types
can cause more serious illnesses like cancer. More than
40 types of HPV infect genital areas of human and
some of these genital HPV types are in high risk group
and some are in low risk group. Of the patients infected
with HPV, 40% experience the disease in two years
after their first sex experience. While precancer lesions
peak mostly at ages of 20-29 years, cancer peaks at the
ages of 40-49 years. Early diagnose enables the
possibility of treatment. There are three different types
of HPV vaccines at present. First of them is Gardasil,
which was introduced in 2006. The others are Cervarix
and Gardasil 9. Gardasil and Gardasil 9 provide
prophylaxy against both cervical cancer and genital
warts; but Cervarix only provides prophylaxy against
cervical cancer. Cervical cancer stages start from 1A
and go to 4B. As it progresses from stage 1A to 4B,
traetment gets harder. In stage 4B only palliative
treatment is possible. When treating warts, it is
possible to use both single and combined treatments

References

  • 1. De Villiers EM, Fauquet C, Broker TR, et al. Classification of papillomaviruses. J Virol 2004; 324:17-27.
  • 2. Satterwhite CL, Torrone E, Meites E, et al. Sexually transmitted infections among US women and men: prevalence and incidence estimates, 2008. Sex Transm Dis 2013; 40(3):187–193.
  • 3. Koyuncu E. Taksim Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Polikliniği’ne Başvuran Hastaların Servikal Sitolojilerinin Servikal Kanser Risk Faktörlerine Göre Analizi–Normal ve Anormal Sitolojik Sonuçlarda Yüksek Onkojenik Riskli HPV Prevalansı. Uzmanlık Tezi, Sağlık Bakanlığı Taksim Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği, İstanbul 2006; ss 27.
  • 4. Jemal A, Simard EP, Dorell C, et al. Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2009, featuring the burden and trends in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers and HPV vaccination coverage levels. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105(3):175-201.
  • 5. Markowitz LE, Dunne EF, Saraiiya M, et al. Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP). Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2007; 56:1-23.
  • 6. Brisson J, Morin C, Fortier M, et al. Risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: differences between low- and high-grade lesions. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 140:700-710.
  • 7. Einstein MH, Baron M, Levin MJ, et al. Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety of Cervarix™ and Gardasil® human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical cancer vaccines in healthy women aged 18–45 years. Human Vaccines 2009; 5(10):705- 719.
  • 8. Petrosky E, Bocchini JA, Hariri S, et al. Use of 9- valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine: Updated HPV vaccination recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015; 64(11):300-304.
  • 9. Stokley S, Vogt T, Shefer A. Increasing adolescent vaccination coverage: the challenges that remain. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2011; 165(6):568-570.
  • 10. Valentino K, Poronsky CB. Human papillomavirus infection and vaccination. J Pediat Nurs 2016; 31:155-156.
  • 11. Glaxo Smith Kline’s web site. https:// www.gsksource.com/cervarix (16.02.2016)
  • 12. Roberts C, Green T, Hess E, et al. Development of a human papillomavirus competitive luminex immunoassay for 9 HPV types. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10(8):2168-2174
  • 13. 17.02.2016. FDA’s official web site. http:// www.fda.gov (17.02.2016)
  • 14. Garland SM, Steben M, Sings HL, et al. Natural history of genital warts: analysis of the placebo arm of 2 randomized phase III trials of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) vaccine. J Infect Dis 2009; 199: 805– 814.
  • 15. Myers ER, McCrory DC, Nanda K, et al. Mathematical model for the natural history of human papillomavirus infection and cervical carcinogenesis. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 151:1158– 1171.
  • 16. Perez CA, Grigsby PW, Nene SM, et al. Effect of tumor size on the prognosis of carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with irradiation alone. Cancer 1992; 69(11):2796-2806.
  • 17. Gotovtseva EP, Kapadia AS, Smolensky MH, et al. Optimal frequency of imiquimod (aldara) 5% cream for the treatment of external genital warts in immunocompetent adults: meta-analysis. Sex Transm Dis 2008; 35:346–351.
  • 18. Tatti S, Swinehart JM, THielert C, et al. Sinecatechins, a defined gren tea extract, in the treatment of external anogenital warts: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 111:1371-1379.
  • 19. Kirby P, Dunne A, King DH, Corey L. Double-blind randomized clinical trial of self-administered podofilox solution versus vehicle in the treatment of genital warts. Am J Med 1990; 88(5):465-469.
  • 20. Agnieszka K, Riemer AB. The invisible enemy – how human papillomaviruses avoid recognition and clearance by the host immune system. Open Virol J 2012; 6:249–256.
  • 21. Juhl ME, Seferovic V, Antonijevic S, et al. Combined treatment of anogenital HPV infection with cryodestruction, podophyllin 25% and postablation immunomodulation with sinecatechins 15% ointment – a retrospective analysis. Int J of STD & AIDS 2016; 27(12):1071-1078.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA89DZ82ZE
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ufuk İnce This is me

Muhammed Akar This is me

Nilay Ildız This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2017
Submission Date July 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 26 Issue: 2

Cite

APA İnce, U., Akar, M., & Ildız, N. (2017). HUMAN PAPİLLOMA VİRÜS (HPV) GÜNCEL TEDAVİ VE KORUNMA YÖNTEMLERİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(2), 189-192.
AMA İnce U, Akar M, Ildız N. HUMAN PAPİLLOMA VİRÜS (HPV) GÜNCEL TEDAVİ VE KORUNMA YÖNTEMLERİ. JHS. July 2017;26(2):189-192.
Chicago İnce, Ufuk, Muhammed Akar, and Nilay Ildız. “HUMAN PAPİLLOMA VİRÜS (HPV) GÜNCEL TEDAVİ VE KORUNMA YÖNTEMLERİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 26, no. 2 (July 2017): 189-92.
EndNote İnce U, Akar M, Ildız N (July 1, 2017) HUMAN PAPİLLOMA VİRÜS (HPV) GÜNCEL TEDAVİ VE KORUNMA YÖNTEMLERİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 26 2 189–192.
IEEE U. İnce, M. Akar, and N. Ildız, “HUMAN PAPİLLOMA VİRÜS (HPV) GÜNCEL TEDAVİ VE KORUNMA YÖNTEMLERİ”, JHS, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 189–192, 2017.
ISNAD İnce, Ufuk et al. “HUMAN PAPİLLOMA VİRÜS (HPV) GÜNCEL TEDAVİ VE KORUNMA YÖNTEMLERİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 26/2 (July 2017), 189-192.
JAMA İnce U, Akar M, Ildız N. HUMAN PAPİLLOMA VİRÜS (HPV) GÜNCEL TEDAVİ VE KORUNMA YÖNTEMLERİ. JHS. 2017;26:189–192.
MLA İnce, Ufuk et al. “HUMAN PAPİLLOMA VİRÜS (HPV) GÜNCEL TEDAVİ VE KORUNMA YÖNTEMLERİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 26, no. 2, 2017, pp. 189-92.
Vancouver İnce U, Akar M, Ildız N. HUMAN PAPİLLOMA VİRÜS (HPV) GÜNCEL TEDAVİ VE KORUNMA YÖNTEMLERİ. JHS. 2017;26(2):189-92.