KARNOZİNİN SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Nilüfer Özkan; Nevin Şanlıer

doi:10.34108/eujhs.661233

Review

HEALTH BENEFITS OF CARNOSINE

Year 2020, Volume: 29 Issue: 3, 228 - 234, 30.11.2020

Nilüfer Özkan , Nevin Şanlıer

https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.661233

Abstract

Carnosine (β-alanine-L-histidine) discoveredby Russian scientists in 1900 is found only in animal tissues. Carnosine has the potential to prevent pathologies (protein oxidation, glycation, formation of advanced glycosylation products (AGEs) andcross-linking etc.) accompanied by many biochemical changes. The production of AGEs and the formation of protein carbonyl groups play an important role in aging, diabetes, secondary complications of diabetes and neurodegenerative conditions. Carnosine's antiglycation property, reactivity against harmful carbonyls, zinc and copper chelation activity, low toxicity, and its response to age-related protein carbonyl stres cause it to show disease-preventing and disease-preventing properties. Because of all these possible effects, more studies are needed to determine the role of carnosine in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in humans. This review was planned and conducted to give information about some of the biological roles of carnosine when taken with food or as supplements.

Keywords

ageing,, carnosine,, supplementation (or dietary supplement).

References

1. Boldyrev AA, Aldini G, Derave W. Physiology And Pathophysiology of Carnosine. Physiological Reviews 2013; 93(4):1803-45.
2. Bonfanti L, Peretto P, De Marchis S, Fasolo A. Carnosine-Related Dipeptides in The Mammalian Brain. Prog Neurobiol 1999; 59(4): 333-53.
3. Boissonneault GA, Hardwick TA, Bogardus SL, et al. Interactions Between Carnosine and Vitamin E in Mammary Cancer Risk Determination. Nutrition Research 1998; 18(4): 723-33.
4. Budzen S, Rymaszewska J. The Biological Role Of Carnosine and Its Possible Applications In Medicine. Adv Clin Exp Med 2013; 22(5): 739-44.
5. Purchas RW, Rutherfurd SM, Pearce PD, Vather R, Wilkinson BHP. Concentrations In Beef And Lamb of Taurine, Carnosine, Coenzyme Q(10), And Creatine. Meat Sci 2004; 66(3): 629-37.
6. Hipkiss AR, Michaelis J, Syrris P. Non-Enzymatic Glycosylation of The Dipeptide L-Carnosine, a Potential Anti-Protein-Cross-Linking Agent. FEBS Lett 1995; 371(1):81-5.
7. Guney Y, Turkcu UO, Hicsonmez A, et al. Carnosine May Reduce Lung Injury Caused by Radiation Therapy. Medical Hypotheses 2006; 66(5): 957-9.
8. Hipkiss AR. Carnosine, A Protective, Anti-Ageing Peptide? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1998; 30(8):863-8.
9. Kyriazis M. Anti-Ageing Potential of Carnosine: Approaches Toward Successful Ageing. Drug Discovery Today: Therapeutic Strategies 2011; 7(3): 45-9.
10. Cararo JH, Streck EL, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC. Carnosine and Related Peptides: Therapeutic Potential in Age-Related Disorders. Aging Dis 2015; 6(5): 369-79.
11. Herculano B, Tamura M, Ohba A, et al. Β-Alanyl-L-Histidine Rescues Cognitive Deficits Caused by Feeding A High Fat Diet In A Transgenic Mouse Model Of Alzheimer's Disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2013; 33(4): 983-97.
12. Boldyrev A, Abe H, Stvolinsky S, Tyulina O. Effects of Carnosine And Related Compounds On Generation of Free Oxygen Species: A Comparative Study. Comparative Biochemistry And Physiology Part B: Biochemistry And Molecular Biology 1995; 112(3): 481-5.
13. Drozak J, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Vertommen D, Stroobant V, Schaftingen EV. Molecular Identification Of Carnosine Synthase As ATP-Grasp Domain-Containing Protein 1 (ATPGD1). J Biol Chem 2010; 285(13): 9346-56.
14. Bakardjiev A, Bauer K. Biosynthesis, Release, and Uptake Of Carnosine in Primary Cultures. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2000; 65(7): 779-82.
15. Geissler S, Zwarg M, Knütter I, Markwardt F, Brandsch M. The Bioactive Dipeptide Anserine is Transported By Human Proton-Coupled Peptide Transporters. Febs J 2010; 277(3): 790-5.
16. Hipkiss AR. Glycation, Ageing and Carnosine: Are Carnivorous Diets Beneficial? Mechanisms of Ageing And Development 2005; 126(10):1034-9.
17. Baguet A, Everaert I, De Naeyer H, et al. Effects Of Sprint Training Combined with Vegetarian or Mixed Diet on Muscle Carnosine Content and Buffering Capacity. European Journal of Applied Physiology 2011; 111(10): 2571-80.
18. Everaert I, Mooyaart A. Baguet A, et al. Vegetarianism, Female Gender And Increasing Age, But Not CNDP1 Genotype, Are Associated With Reduced Muscle Carnosine Levels In Humans. Amino Acids 2011; 40(4):1221-9.
19. Purchas RW, Rutherfurd SM, Pearce PD, et al. Cooking Temperature Effects On The Forms of Iron and Levels of Several Other Compounds n Beef Semitendinosus Muscle. Meat Science 2004; 68(2): 201-7.
20. Hermanussen M, Gonder U, Stegemann D, et al. How Much Chicken is Food? Questioning The Definition Of Food By Analyzing Amino Acid Composition of Modern Convenience Products. Anthropol Anz 2012; 69(1):57-69.
21. O'Neill LM, Galvin K, Morrissey PA, Buckley DJ. Effect of Carnosine, Salt and Dietary Vitamin E on The Oxidative Stability of Chicken Meat. Meat Sci 1999; 52(1): 89-94.
22. Sharif R, Thomas P, Zalewski P, Graham R.D, Fenech M. The Effect Of Zinc Sulphate And Zinc Carnosine On Genome Stability and Cytotoxicity In The WIL2-NS Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Line. Mutat Res 2011; 720(1-2): 22-33.
23. Stvolinsky SL, Bulygina ER, Fedorova TN, et al. Biological Activity Of Novel Synthetic Derivatives of Carnosine. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 2010; 30(3): 395-404.
24. Bellia F, Oliveri V, Rizzarelli E, Vecchio G. New Derivative of Carnosine for Nanoparticle Assemblies. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70: 225-32.
25. Prokopieva VD, Yarygina EG, Bokhan NA, Ivanova SA. Use of Carnosine for Oxidative Stress Reduction in Different Pathologies. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016; 2016: 2939087.
26. Hipkiss AR. Aging Risk Factors and Parkinson's Disease: Contrasting Roles of Common Dietary Constituents. Neurobiology of Aging 2014; 35(6): 1469-72.
27. Davis CK, Laud PJ, Bahor Z, Rajanikant GK, Majid A. Systematic Review And Stratified Meta-Analysis Of The Efficacy Of Carnosine in Animal Models of Ischemic Stroke. Journal Of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2016: 0271678X16658302.
28. Fedorova TN, Belyaev MS, Trunova OA, et al. Neuropeptide Carnosine Increases Stability Of Lipoproteins And Red Blood Cells As Well As Efficiency Of Immune Competent System In Patients With Chronic Discirculatory Encephalopathy. Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplement Series A: Membrane And Cell Biology 2009; 3(1): 62-5.
29. Baye E, Ukropcova B, Ukropec J, et al. Physiological And Therapeutic Effects Of Carnosine On Cardiometabolic Risk And Disease. Amino Acids 2016; 48(5):1131-49.
30. D'Astous-Page J, Gariépy C, Blouin R, et al. Carnosine Content In The Porcine Longissimus Thoracis Muscle And Its Association With Meat Quality Attributes And Carnosine-Related Gene Expression. Meat Sci 2017; 124: 84-94.
31. Bellia F, Vecchio G, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese V, Rizzarelli E. Neuroprotective Features Of Carnosine In Oxidative Driven Diseases. Molecular Aspects Of Medicine 2011; 32(4): 258-66.
32. Hipkiss AR, Baye E, de Courten B. Carnosine And The Processes Of Ageing. Maturitas 2016; 93: 28-33.
33. Hipkiss AR, Brownson C, Carrier MJ. Carnosine, The Anti-Ageing, Anti-Oxidant Dipeptide, May React With Protein Carbonyl Groups. Mech Ageing Dev 2001; 122(13):1431-45.
34. Brownson C, Hipkiss AR. Carnosine Reacts With A Glycated Protein. Free Radical Biology And Medicine 2000; 28(10): 1564-70.
35. Banerjee S, Poddar MK. Aging-Induced Changes In Brain Regional Serotonin Receptor Binding: Effect Of Carnosine. Neuroscience 2016; 319: 79-91.
36. Banerjee S, Ghosh TK, Poddar MK. Carnosine Reverses The Aging-Induced Down Regulation Of Brain Regional Serotonergic System. Mechanisms Of Ageing And Development 2015; 152: 5-14.
37. Hipkiss AR. Possible Benefit Of Dietary Carnosine Towards Depressive Disorders. Aging And Disease 2015; 6(5):300-3.
38. Oh YM, Jang EH, Ko JH, et Al. Inhibition Of 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress By L-Carnosine In SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurosci Lett 2009; 459(1):7-10.
39. Khama-Murad AK, Mokrushin A, Pavlinova L. Neuroprotective Properties Of L-Carnosine In The Brain Slices Exposed To Autoblood In The Hemorrhagic Stroke Model In Vitro. Regulatory Peptides 2011; 167(1): 65-9.
40. Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG. Free Amino Acid And Dipeptide Changes In The Body Fluids From Alzheimer’s Disease Subjects. Amino Acids 2007; 32(2): 213-24.
41. Mong, M.-c., C.-y. Chao, and M.-c. Yin. Histidine And Carnosine Alleviated Hepatic Steatosis In Mice Consumed High Saturated Fat Diet. European Journal Of Pharmacology 2011; 653(1): 82-8.
42. Boldyrev AA, Stvolinsky SL, Fedorova T.N, Suslina ZA. Carnosine As A Natural Antioxidant And Geroprotector: From Molecular Mechanisms To Clinical Trials. Rejuvenation Res 2010; 13(2-3): 156-8.
43. Ahshin-Majd S, Zamani S, Kiamari T, et al. Carnosine Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits In Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Possible Involved Mechanisms. Peptides 2016; 86: 102-11.
44. Hipkiss AR. Would Carnosine Or A Carnivorous Diet Help Suppress Aging And Associated Pathologies? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1067: 369-74.
45. Ji Y.-S, Park J-W, Heo H, Park J-S, Park S-W. The Neuroprotective Effect Of Carnosine (Β-Alanyl-L-Histidine) On Retinal Ganglion Cell Following Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Current Eye Research 2014; 39(6):634-41.
46. Babizhayev MA, Deyev AI, Yermakova VN, et al. N-Acetylcarnosine, A Natural Histidine-Containing Dipeptide, As A Potent Ophthalmic Drug In Treatment Of Human Cataracts. Peptides 2001; 22(6): 979-94.
47. Abdelkader H, Swinden J, Pierscionek BK, Alany RG. Analytical And Physicochemical Characterisation Of The Senile Cataract Drug Dipeptide Β-Alanyl-L-Histidine (Carnosine). Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Biomedical Analysis 2015; 114:241-6.
48. Zhuravskii SG, Aleksandrova LA, Ivanov SA, et al. Protective Effect Of Carnosine On Excitable Structures Of The Auditory Apparatus In Albino Rats With Acute Acoustic Trauma. Bull Exp Biol Med 2004; 137(1):98-102.
49. Sale C, Artioli GG, Gualano B, et al. Carnosine: From Exercise Performance To Health. Amino Acids 2013; 44(6):1477-91.
50. Ybarra N, Seuntjens J. Radio-selective effects of a natural occurring muscle-derived dipeptide in A549 and normal cell lines. Scientific Reports 2019; 9:11513.
51. Bogardus SL, Boissonneault GA. Carnosine Inhibits In Vitro Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation. Nutrition Research 2000; 20(7): 967-76.
52. Ririe DG, Roberts PR, Shouse MN, Zaloga G.P. Vasodilatory Actions of The Dietary Peptide Carnosine. Nutrition 2000; 16(3):168-72.
53. Albayrak S, Atcı İB, Kalaycı M, et al. Effect Of Carnosine, Methylprednisolone And Their Combined Application on Irisin Levels in The Plasma And Brain of Rats with Acute Spinal Cord Injury. Neuropeptides 2015; 52: 47-54.
54. Aydın S, Ogeturk M, Kuloglu T, et al. Effect Of Carnosine Supplementation On Apoptosis And Irisin, Total Oxidant And Antioxidants Levels In The Serum, Liver And Lung Tissues in Rats Exposed to Formaldehyde Inhalation. Peptides 2015; 64:14-23.
55. Aydın AF, Küçükgergin C, Ozdemirler-Erata G, et al. The Effect Of Carnosine Treatment on Prooxidant–Antioxidant Balance in Liver, Heart And Brain Tissues of Male Aged Rats. Biogerontology 2010; 11(1): 103-9.
56. de Courten B, Jakubova M, de Courten M.P, Kukurova IJ, et al. Effects Of Carnosine Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism: Pilot Clinical Trial. Obesity 2016; 24(5): 1027-34.
57. Liu Y, Cotillard A, Vatier C, et al. A Dietary Supplement Containing Cinnamon, Chromium And Carnosine Decreases Fasting Plasma Glucose And Increases Lean Mass In Overweight or Obese Pre-Diabetic Subjects: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Plos One 2015; 10(9): e0138646.
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KARNOZİNİN SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Year 2020, Volume: 29 Issue: 3, 228 - 234, 30.11.2020

Nilüfer Özkan , Nevin Şanlıer

https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.661233

Abstract

Rus bilim insanları tarafından 1900 yılında keşfedilen karnozin (β-alanin-L-histidin) sadece hayvan dokularında bulunmaktadır. Karnozin birçok biyokimyasal değişikliklerin eşlik ettiği patolojileri (protein oksidasyonu, glikasyon, ileri glikozilasyon ürünlerinin (AGE’lerin) oluşumu ve çapraz bağlanma vb.) engelleme potansiyeline sahiptir. AGE'lerin üretimi ve protein karbonil gruplarının oluşumu yaşlanmada, diyabette, diyabetin sekonder komplikasyonlarında ve nörodejeneratif durumlarda önemli rol oynamaktadır. Karnozinin antiglikasyon özelliği, zararlı karbonillere karşı reaktivitesi, çinko ve bakır şelasyon aktivitesi, düşük toksisitesi ve yaşa bağlı protein karbonil stresine karşı tepkisi hastalıklardan koruyucu ve hastalıkları engelleyici özellik göstermesine neden olmaktadır. Tüm bu muhtemel etkilerinden dolayı insanlarda kronik hastalıkların önlenmesi ve tedavisinde karnozinin rolünü tespit etmek için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Bu derleme karnozinin besinlerle veya suplemantasyon olarak alınması durumunda gerçekleşen bazı biyolojik rolleri hakkında bilgi vermek amacıyla planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür.

Keywords

karnozin, yaşlanma, suplemantasyon (takviye veya diyet eki),

References

1. Boldyrev AA, Aldini G, Derave W. Physiology And Pathophysiology of Carnosine. Physiological Reviews 2013; 93(4):1803-45.
2. Bonfanti L, Peretto P, De Marchis S, Fasolo A. Carnosine-Related Dipeptides in The Mammalian Brain. Prog Neurobiol 1999; 59(4): 333-53.
3. Boissonneault GA, Hardwick TA, Bogardus SL, et al. Interactions Between Carnosine and Vitamin E in Mammary Cancer Risk Determination. Nutrition Research 1998; 18(4): 723-33.
4. Budzen S, Rymaszewska J. The Biological Role Of Carnosine and Its Possible Applications In Medicine. Adv Clin Exp Med 2013; 22(5): 739-44.
5. Purchas RW, Rutherfurd SM, Pearce PD, Vather R, Wilkinson BHP. Concentrations In Beef And Lamb of Taurine, Carnosine, Coenzyme Q(10), And Creatine. Meat Sci 2004; 66(3): 629-37.
6. Hipkiss AR, Michaelis J, Syrris P. Non-Enzymatic Glycosylation of The Dipeptide L-Carnosine, a Potential Anti-Protein-Cross-Linking Agent. FEBS Lett 1995; 371(1):81-5.
7. Guney Y, Turkcu UO, Hicsonmez A, et al. Carnosine May Reduce Lung Injury Caused by Radiation Therapy. Medical Hypotheses 2006; 66(5): 957-9.
8. Hipkiss AR. Carnosine, A Protective, Anti-Ageing Peptide? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1998; 30(8):863-8.
9. Kyriazis M. Anti-Ageing Potential of Carnosine: Approaches Toward Successful Ageing. Drug Discovery Today: Therapeutic Strategies 2011; 7(3): 45-9.
10. Cararo JH, Streck EL, Schuck PF, Ferreira GC. Carnosine and Related Peptides: Therapeutic Potential in Age-Related Disorders. Aging Dis 2015; 6(5): 369-79.
11. Herculano B, Tamura M, Ohba A, et al. Β-Alanyl-L-Histidine Rescues Cognitive Deficits Caused by Feeding A High Fat Diet In A Transgenic Mouse Model Of Alzheimer's Disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2013; 33(4): 983-97.
12. Boldyrev A, Abe H, Stvolinsky S, Tyulina O. Effects of Carnosine And Related Compounds On Generation of Free Oxygen Species: A Comparative Study. Comparative Biochemistry And Physiology Part B: Biochemistry And Molecular Biology 1995; 112(3): 481-5.
13. Drozak J, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Vertommen D, Stroobant V, Schaftingen EV. Molecular Identification Of Carnosine Synthase As ATP-Grasp Domain-Containing Protein 1 (ATPGD1). J Biol Chem 2010; 285(13): 9346-56.
14. Bakardjiev A, Bauer K. Biosynthesis, Release, and Uptake Of Carnosine in Primary Cultures. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2000; 65(7): 779-82.
15. Geissler S, Zwarg M, Knütter I, Markwardt F, Brandsch M. The Bioactive Dipeptide Anserine is Transported By Human Proton-Coupled Peptide Transporters. Febs J 2010; 277(3): 790-5.
16. Hipkiss AR. Glycation, Ageing and Carnosine: Are Carnivorous Diets Beneficial? Mechanisms of Ageing And Development 2005; 126(10):1034-9.
17. Baguet A, Everaert I, De Naeyer H, et al. Effects Of Sprint Training Combined with Vegetarian or Mixed Diet on Muscle Carnosine Content and Buffering Capacity. European Journal of Applied Physiology 2011; 111(10): 2571-80.
18. Everaert I, Mooyaart A. Baguet A, et al. Vegetarianism, Female Gender And Increasing Age, But Not CNDP1 Genotype, Are Associated With Reduced Muscle Carnosine Levels In Humans. Amino Acids 2011; 40(4):1221-9.
19. Purchas RW, Rutherfurd SM, Pearce PD, et al. Cooking Temperature Effects On The Forms of Iron and Levels of Several Other Compounds n Beef Semitendinosus Muscle. Meat Science 2004; 68(2): 201-7.
20. Hermanussen M, Gonder U, Stegemann D, et al. How Much Chicken is Food? Questioning The Definition Of Food By Analyzing Amino Acid Composition of Modern Convenience Products. Anthropol Anz 2012; 69(1):57-69.
21. O'Neill LM, Galvin K, Morrissey PA, Buckley DJ. Effect of Carnosine, Salt and Dietary Vitamin E on The Oxidative Stability of Chicken Meat. Meat Sci 1999; 52(1): 89-94.
22. Sharif R, Thomas P, Zalewski P, Graham R.D, Fenech M. The Effect Of Zinc Sulphate And Zinc Carnosine On Genome Stability and Cytotoxicity In The WIL2-NS Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Line. Mutat Res 2011; 720(1-2): 22-33.
23. Stvolinsky SL, Bulygina ER, Fedorova TN, et al. Biological Activity Of Novel Synthetic Derivatives of Carnosine. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 2010; 30(3): 395-404.
24. Bellia F, Oliveri V, Rizzarelli E, Vecchio G. New Derivative of Carnosine for Nanoparticle Assemblies. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70: 225-32.
25. Prokopieva VD, Yarygina EG, Bokhan NA, Ivanova SA. Use of Carnosine for Oxidative Stress Reduction in Different Pathologies. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016; 2016: 2939087.
26. Hipkiss AR. Aging Risk Factors and Parkinson's Disease: Contrasting Roles of Common Dietary Constituents. Neurobiology of Aging 2014; 35(6): 1469-72.
27. Davis CK, Laud PJ, Bahor Z, Rajanikant GK, Majid A. Systematic Review And Stratified Meta-Analysis Of The Efficacy Of Carnosine in Animal Models of Ischemic Stroke. Journal Of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2016: 0271678X16658302.
28. Fedorova TN, Belyaev MS, Trunova OA, et al. Neuropeptide Carnosine Increases Stability Of Lipoproteins And Red Blood Cells As Well As Efficiency Of Immune Competent System In Patients With Chronic Discirculatory Encephalopathy. Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplement Series A: Membrane And Cell Biology 2009; 3(1): 62-5.
29. Baye E, Ukropcova B, Ukropec J, et al. Physiological And Therapeutic Effects Of Carnosine On Cardiometabolic Risk And Disease. Amino Acids 2016; 48(5):1131-49.
30. D'Astous-Page J, Gariépy C, Blouin R, et al. Carnosine Content In The Porcine Longissimus Thoracis Muscle And Its Association With Meat Quality Attributes And Carnosine-Related Gene Expression. Meat Sci 2017; 124: 84-94.
31. Bellia F, Vecchio G, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese V, Rizzarelli E. Neuroprotective Features Of Carnosine In Oxidative Driven Diseases. Molecular Aspects Of Medicine 2011; 32(4): 258-66.
32. Hipkiss AR, Baye E, de Courten B. Carnosine And The Processes Of Ageing. Maturitas 2016; 93: 28-33.
33. Hipkiss AR, Brownson C, Carrier MJ. Carnosine, The Anti-Ageing, Anti-Oxidant Dipeptide, May React With Protein Carbonyl Groups. Mech Ageing Dev 2001; 122(13):1431-45.
34. Brownson C, Hipkiss AR. Carnosine Reacts With A Glycated Protein. Free Radical Biology And Medicine 2000; 28(10): 1564-70.
35. Banerjee S, Poddar MK. Aging-Induced Changes In Brain Regional Serotonin Receptor Binding: Effect Of Carnosine. Neuroscience 2016; 319: 79-91.
36. Banerjee S, Ghosh TK, Poddar MK. Carnosine Reverses The Aging-Induced Down Regulation Of Brain Regional Serotonergic System. Mechanisms Of Ageing And Development 2015; 152: 5-14.
37. Hipkiss AR. Possible Benefit Of Dietary Carnosine Towards Depressive Disorders. Aging And Disease 2015; 6(5):300-3.
38. Oh YM, Jang EH, Ko JH, et Al. Inhibition Of 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress By L-Carnosine In SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurosci Lett 2009; 459(1):7-10.
39. Khama-Murad AK, Mokrushin A, Pavlinova L. Neuroprotective Properties Of L-Carnosine In The Brain Slices Exposed To Autoblood In The Hemorrhagic Stroke Model In Vitro. Regulatory Peptides 2011; 167(1): 65-9.
40. Fonteh AN, Harrington RJ, Tsai A, Liao P, Harrington MG. Free Amino Acid And Dipeptide Changes In The Body Fluids From Alzheimer’s Disease Subjects. Amino Acids 2007; 32(2): 213-24.
41. Mong, M.-c., C.-y. Chao, and M.-c. Yin. Histidine And Carnosine Alleviated Hepatic Steatosis In Mice Consumed High Saturated Fat Diet. European Journal Of Pharmacology 2011; 653(1): 82-8.
42. Boldyrev AA, Stvolinsky SL, Fedorova T.N, Suslina ZA. Carnosine As A Natural Antioxidant And Geroprotector: From Molecular Mechanisms To Clinical Trials. Rejuvenation Res 2010; 13(2-3): 156-8.
43. Ahshin-Majd S, Zamani S, Kiamari T, et al. Carnosine Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits In Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Possible Involved Mechanisms. Peptides 2016; 86: 102-11.
44. Hipkiss AR. Would Carnosine Or A Carnivorous Diet Help Suppress Aging And Associated Pathologies? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1067: 369-74.
45. Ji Y.-S, Park J-W, Heo H, Park J-S, Park S-W. The Neuroprotective Effect Of Carnosine (Β-Alanyl-L-Histidine) On Retinal Ganglion Cell Following Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Current Eye Research 2014; 39(6):634-41.
46. Babizhayev MA, Deyev AI, Yermakova VN, et al. N-Acetylcarnosine, A Natural Histidine-Containing Dipeptide, As A Potent Ophthalmic Drug In Treatment Of Human Cataracts. Peptides 2001; 22(6): 979-94.
47. Abdelkader H, Swinden J, Pierscionek BK, Alany RG. Analytical And Physicochemical Characterisation Of The Senile Cataract Drug Dipeptide Β-Alanyl-L-Histidine (Carnosine). Journal Of Pharmaceutical And Biomedical Analysis 2015; 114:241-6.
48. Zhuravskii SG, Aleksandrova LA, Ivanov SA, et al. Protective Effect Of Carnosine On Excitable Structures Of The Auditory Apparatus In Albino Rats With Acute Acoustic Trauma. Bull Exp Biol Med 2004; 137(1):98-102.
49. Sale C, Artioli GG, Gualano B, et al. Carnosine: From Exercise Performance To Health. Amino Acids 2013; 44(6):1477-91.
50. Ybarra N, Seuntjens J. Radio-selective effects of a natural occurring muscle-derived dipeptide in A549 and normal cell lines. Scientific Reports 2019; 9:11513.
51. Bogardus SL, Boissonneault GA. Carnosine Inhibits In Vitro Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation. Nutrition Research 2000; 20(7): 967-76.
52. Ririe DG, Roberts PR, Shouse MN, Zaloga G.P. Vasodilatory Actions of The Dietary Peptide Carnosine. Nutrition 2000; 16(3):168-72.
53. Albayrak S, Atcı İB, Kalaycı M, et al. Effect Of Carnosine, Methylprednisolone And Their Combined Application on Irisin Levels in The Plasma And Brain of Rats with Acute Spinal Cord Injury. Neuropeptides 2015; 52: 47-54.
54. Aydın S, Ogeturk M, Kuloglu T, et al. Effect Of Carnosine Supplementation On Apoptosis And Irisin, Total Oxidant And Antioxidants Levels In The Serum, Liver And Lung Tissues in Rats Exposed to Formaldehyde Inhalation. Peptides 2015; 64:14-23.
55. Aydın AF, Küçükgergin C, Ozdemirler-Erata G, et al. The Effect Of Carnosine Treatment on Prooxidant–Antioxidant Balance in Liver, Heart And Brain Tissues of Male Aged Rats. Biogerontology 2010; 11(1): 103-9.
56. de Courten B, Jakubova M, de Courten M.P, Kukurova IJ, et al. Effects Of Carnosine Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism: Pilot Clinical Trial. Obesity 2016; 24(5): 1027-34.
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There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Nutrition and Dietetics
Journal Section	Collection
Authors	Nilüfer Özkan 0000-0002-4900-9714 Nevin Şanlıer 0000-0001-5937-0485
Publication Date	November 30, 2020
Submission Date	December 18, 2019
Published in Issue	Year 2020 Volume: 29 Issue: 3

Cite

APA	Özkan, N., & Şanlıer, N. (2020). KARNOZİNİN SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(3), 228-234. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.661233
AMA	Özkan N, Şanlıer N. KARNOZİNİN SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ. JHS. November 2020;29(3):228-234. doi:10.34108/eujhs.661233
Chicago	Özkan, Nilüfer, and Nevin Şanlıer. “KARNOZİNİN SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 29, no. 3 (November 2020): 228-34. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.661233.
EndNote	Özkan N, Şanlıer N (November 1, 2020) KARNOZİNİN SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 29 3 228–234.
IEEE	N. Özkan and N. Şanlıer, “KARNOZİNİN SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ”, JHS, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 228–234, 2020, doi: 10.34108/eujhs.661233.
ISNAD	Özkan, Nilüfer - Şanlıer, Nevin. “KARNOZİNİN SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 29/3 (November 2020), 228-234. https://doi.org/10.34108/eujhs.661233.
JAMA	Özkan N, Şanlıer N. KARNOZİNİN SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ. JHS. 2020;29:228–234.
MLA	Özkan, Nilüfer and Nevin Şanlıer. “KARNOZİNİN SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ”. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 29, no. 3, 2020, pp. 228-34, doi:10.34108/eujhs.661233.
Vancouver	Özkan N, Şanlıer N. KARNOZİNİN SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ. JHS. 2020;29(3):228-34.

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