Türkiye'nin batısındaki küçükbaş hayvanlarda OvHV-2 virusunun araştırılması

Öz

Malignanat Katharal Fever (MCF) ölümcül bir geviş getiren hastalığıdır ve dünya çapında bir dağılıma sahiptir. MCF virusu (MCFV) grubunun şu anda 10 üye içerdiği bilinmektedir. Ovine Herpes virus-2 (OvHV-2), MCFV grubunun üyelerinden biridir ve sığırlarda ekonomik olarak öneme sahiptir. Koyunlar, OvHV-2'nin rezervuar konağıdır ve keçiler ise doğal olarak duyarlı türdür, ancak enfeksiyon genellikle keçilerde asemptomatiktir. Bu çalışmada, OvHV-2'nin Türkiye’nin batısında yer alan Ege Bölgesindeki koyun ve keçilerdeki varlığı nested-PCR yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır. Yetmiş üç tam kan, 39 iç organ ve 26 abort fetüsten oluşan toplam 138 koyun ve keçi örneği incelendi. Otuz yedi kan örneği, dört abort fötus ve yedi iç organ örneği OvHV-2 virusu yönünden pozitif bulunmuştur. Toplam koyun örneklerinin %45,1 I pozitif olarak bulunurken sadece bir keçi örneği pozitif bulunmuştur. Önceki çalışmalar ile benzer olarak keçilerde OvHV-2 prevalansının koyunlardan daha düşük olduğunu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Keçi
• koyun
• malignant katharal fever (MCF)
• ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2)

Investigation of OvHV-2 virus in small ruminants in Western Turkey

Öz

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal disease of ruminants and has a worldwide distribution. The MCF virus (MCFV) group has currently known to contain 10 members. Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) is one of the members of MCFV group and has economically importance in cattle. Sheep is the reservoir host of OvHV-2 while domestic goat is naturally susceptible species, although infection is generally asymptomatic in goat. In this study, the presence of OvHV-2 was investigated in sheep and goats by hemi-nested PCR in Aegean Region of west Turkey. Total of 138 sheep and goat samples which consist of 73 whole blood, 39 internal organs and 26 aborted fetuses were investigated. Thirty-seven blood samples, four fetal samples, and seven internal organ samples were found to be OvHV-2 positive. While 45.1% of the total sheep samples were found to be positive, only one goat sample was found positive. Similarly, previous studies have showed that prevalence of OvHV-2 in goats lower than sheep.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Goat
• malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)
• ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2)
• sheep

Kaynakça

1. Anonymous (2018) Malignant Catarrhal Fever. Accession link: https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/3.04.13_MCF.pdf. Accession date: 02.05.2019.
2. Banumathi N, Sood R, Patil SS, Subramanian M, Pradhan HK. (2008) Genomic detection of ovine herpesvirus-2 in South Indian sheep and goat. Indian J Anim Sci.; 78, 13-16.
3. Benazzi C, Gentile A, Brunetti B, Sconza S, Sarli G. (2004) A case of malignant catarrhal fever by OHV-2 in Italy. Biomed Res. 15, 107-109.
4. Brenner J, Perl S, Lahav D, Garazi S, Oved Z, Shlosberg A, David D. (2002) An unusual outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever in a beef herd in Israel. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health, 49, 304-307.
5. Cunha CW, Gailbreath KL, O’Toole D, Knowles DP, Schneider DA, White SN, Taus NS, Davies CJ, Davis WC, Li H. (2012) Ovine herpesvirus 2 infection in American bison: virus and host dynamics in the development of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever. Vet Microbiol. 159, 307-319.
6. Dashty MA. (2015) Infection of the Ovine herpesvirus 2 in the reservoir host, sheep, and the susceptible host, cattle. PhD thesis, University of Liverpool, Liverpool. Flach EJ, Reid H, Pow I, Klemta A. (2002) Gamma-herpesvirus carrier status of captive artiodactyls. Res Vet Sci. 73, 93–99. Gelaye E, Mekonnen GA, Jenberi S, Ayelet G. (2013) Detection of sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever from clinical cases in Ethiopian cattle. Rev Sci Tech. 32, 851-56.
7. Hart J, Ackermann M, Jayawardane G, Russell G, Haig DM, Reid H, Stewart JP. (2007) Complete sequence and analysis of the ovine herpesvirus 2 genom. J Gen Virol. 88, 28-39.
8. Headley SA, Pimentel LA, Oliveria VHS, Toma HS, Alfieri AF, Carvalho AM, dos Santos MD, Alfieri AA. (2015) Transplacental transmission of ovine herpesvirus 2 in cattle with sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever. J Comp Pathol.; 153, 206-211.

9. Horner GW, Tham KM. (2003) Malignant Catarrhal Fever Accession link: https://www.agriculture.gov.au/animal/health/laboratories/procedures/anzsdp/malignant-catarrhal-fever, Accession date: 05.05.2021.
10. Hüssy D, Janett F, Albini S, Stäuber N, Thun R, Ackermann M. (2002) Analysis of the pathogenetic basis for shedding and transmission of ovine gamma herpesvirus 2. J Clin Microbiol. 40, 4700-04.
11. Jacobbsen B, Thies K, Altrock A, Förster C,König M, Baumgärtner W. (2007) Malignant catarrhal fever-like lesions associated with ovine herpesvirus-2 infection in three goats. Vet Microbio. 124, 353-57.
12. Khudhair YI, Al-Husseiny SH, Jawad AA. (2020) Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of ovine herpesvirus-2 in sheep and goats of Al-Qadisiyah province, Iraq. Bulg J Vet Med. 4, 424-31.
13. Knowles DP. (2011) Herpesvirales. MacLachlan NJ. and Dubovi EJ. eds. Fenner’s Veterinary Virology. Akademic Press, London. p.179-201.
14. Li H, Hua Y, Snowder G, Crawford TB. (2001) Levels of ovine herpesvirus 2 DNA in nasal secretions and blood of sheep: implications for transmission. Vet Microbiol. 79, 301-310.
15. Li H, Karney G, O'Toole D, Crawford TB. (2008) Long distance spread of malignant catarrhal fever virus from feedlot lambs to ranch bison. Can Vet J. 49: 183-5.
16. Li H, O’Toole D, Kim O, Oaks JL, Crawford TB. (2005) Malignant catarrhal fever-like disease in sheep after intranasal inoculation with ovine herpesvirus-2. J Vet Diagn Invest. 17, 171–175.
17. Li H, Snowder G, O’toole D, Crawford TB. (1998) Transmission of ovine herpesvirus 2 in lambs. J Clin Microbiol. 36, 223-226.
18. Li H, Snowder G, O’toole D, Crawford TB. (2000) Transmission of ovine herpesvirus 2 among adult sheep. Vet Microbiol. 71, 27-35.
19. Li H, Taus NS, Lewis GS, Kim O, Traul DL,Crawford TB. (2004) Shedding of ovine herpesvirus 2 in sheep nasal secretions the predominant mode for transmission. J Clin Microbiol. 42, 5558-5564.
20. Neimanis AS, Hill JE, Jardine CM, Bollinger TK. (2009) Sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in free-ranging moose (Alces alces) in Saskatchewan, Canada. J Wildl Dis. 45, 213-217.
21. O’Toole D, Li H, Sourk C, Montgomery DL, Crawford TB (2002). Malignant catarrhal fever in a bison feedlot, 1993–2000. J Vet Diagn Invest, 14,183–193.
22. O’Toole D, Li H. (2014) The Pathology of Malignant Catarrhal Fever, With an Emphasis on Ovine Herpesvirus 2. Vet Pathol. 51, 437-52.
23. Otter A, Pow I, Reid HW. (2002) Outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever in Welsh Black cattle in Carmarthenshire. Vet Rec. 151, 321-324.
24. Russell GC, Stewart JP, Haig DM. (2009) Malignant catarrhal fever: A review. Vet J. 179, 324-35.
25. Schultheiss PC, Collins JK, Spraker TR, DeMartini JC. (2000) Epizootic malignant catarrhal fever in three bison herds: Differences from cattle and association with ovine herpesvirus-2. J Vet Diagn Invest. 12, 497-502.
26. Sood R, Hemadri D, Bhatia S. (2013) Sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever: an emerging disease of bovids in India. Indian J Virol. 24, 321-331.
27. Stahel ABJ, Baggenstos R, Engels M, Friess M, Ackermann M. (2013) Two different macaviruses, ovine herpesvirus-2 and caprine herpesvirus-2, behave differently in water buffaloes than in cattle or in their respective reservoir species. PLoS ONE, 8, 1-7.
28. Twomey DF, Holt GJ, Reid HW. (2002) Malignant catarrhal fever in cattle with suspected bracken poisoning. Vet Rec. 151, 486-487.
29. Vinod Kumar N, Sreedevi B, Karthik A, Lakshmi SV, Reddy AG, Sreenivasulu D. (2014) Detection of OvHV-2 from an outbreak of sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever from crossbred cattle of Southern India. Vet Res Commun. 38, 323-328.
30. Wiyono A. (1999) The detection of ovine herpesvirus-2 in reservior host of malignant catarrhal fever in Indonesia by means of polymerase chain reaction. Indones J Anim Vet Sci. 4, 121-7.
31. Yazıcı Z, Arslan HH, Gumusova SO, Meral Y, Albayrak H. (2006) Occurrence of ovine herpesvirus type-2 infection in sheep and cattle in Samsun Province, Turkey. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 113, 348-350.
32. Yeşilbağ K. (2007) Seroprevalance of malignant catarrhal fever-related gamma herpes viruses in domestic ruminants in Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod. 39, 363-368. Yıldırım Y, Dağalp SB, Yılmaz V, Majarashin ARF. (2012) Molecular characterisation of ovine herpesvirus type 2 in Turkey. Acta Vet Hung. 60, 521-527.