DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) Vaccines and Strategies

Öz

In veterinary medicine, vaccination is one of the most effective techniques for control and prevention of diseases. When other methods fail in control of animal diseases, different vaccines and strategies are developed. DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) vaccines lacking one or more antigenic epitope(s)/ protein(s) in the prevailing field strain and the accompanying diagnostic tests are effective in eradication and control of diseases. While currently used vaccines can not distinguish between vaccinated and infected animals, DIVA vaccines can be very useful for the purpose. Serological tests, such as ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay), used together with DIVA vaccines, can be used to determine which animals are infected and which are vaccinated. DIVA vaccines and strategies for some animal diseases have been developed and continue to be developed. In this review, it is aimed to explain the general characteristics, importance, production, advantages of DIVA vaccines and strategies and their use in various animal diseases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• DIVA
• marker vaccines
• vaccine
• veterinary medicine

DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) Aşı ve Stratejileri

Öz

Veteriner hekimlik alanında aşılama, hastalıkların önlenmesi ve kontrolünde en etkili yöntemlerden birisidir. Hayvan hastalıklarının kontrolünde mevcut yöntemler başarısız olduğunda, farklı aşı ve stratejiler geliştirilmektedir. Saha suşunda yer alan bir veya daha fazla antijenik epitop veya proteinden yoksun olan DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) aşıları ve beraberinde kullanılan tanı testleri, hastalıkların eradikasyonu ve kontrolünde oldukça etkilidir. Mevcut aşılar, aşılı ve enfekte hayvanların ayrımını sağlayamazken, DIVA aşıları bu alanda önemli yararlar sağlar. Bunun yanında ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) gibi DIVA aşılarıyla birlikte kullanılan serolojik testler, hangi hayvanların enfekte ve hangilerinin aşılı olduğunun ayrımı için kullanılabilir. Bazı hayvan hastalıklarına yönelik DIVA aşı ve stratejileri geliştirilmiş ve diğerleri için de geliştirilmeye devam edilmektedir. Bu derlemede, DIVA aşı ve stratejilerinin genel özelliklerini, önemini, üretimini, avantajlarını ve bunların çeşitli hayvan hastalıklarında kullanımını açıklamak amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• aşı
• DIVA
• marker aşıları
• veteriner hekimlik

Kaynakça

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