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Investigation of young girl’s perceptions about equality in local sport, games, and public spaces to evaluate the level of inclusiveness

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 111 - 129, 30.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.59041/eyor.1550111

Abstract

Gender inclusion and equality are significant matters in the many countries in the world that face problems, limitations, and challenges. The new studies highlight that gender inclusion is part of cultural, social, political, and administrative foundations rather than personal beliefs. The objectives of this research were to discover the level of inclusion of girls regarding the use of playgrounds in a pre-urban area in Kigali, Rwanda. Qualitative questionnaires were arranged to ask the girls’ opinions about inclusion and equality through open-ended simple questions. Through descriptive and interpretation analyses the results were evaluated. The findings reveal that girls face problems using playgrounds and open spaces at any time. The school was restricted due to administrative operations. The girls believe that boys have priority to use spaces for sports and games rather than girls and even half of respondents mentioned bullying of boys. In conclusion, the level of inclusion and equality in the areas was low due to the perception of the girls. This result referred to the wider context of such perception that allowed exclusion and inequality such as cultural, social, political, and administrative aspects. The level of inclusion in the open spaces is higher than in the school due to some insufficient policies. The outputs of this research could lead the politicians and administrative staff to draw more effective policies and administrative guidelines to meet the needs of girls.

References

  • Acker, J. (2006). Inequality regimes: Gender, class and race in organizations. Gender and Society, 20(4), 441-464. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243206289499
  • Allman, D. (2013). The sociology of social inclusion. SAGE Open, 3(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244012471957
  • Arbache, J. S., Kolev, A., & Filipiak, E. (2010). Gender disparities in Africa’s labor market. Washington DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank.
  • Bakare, T. V. (2012). Effect of seating arrangement on methodology in adult education classes in Lagos, Nigeria: Implication for knowledge creation and capacity building. Journal of Educational Review, 5(3), 307-314.
  • Balram, S., & Dragicevic, S. (2005). Attitudes toward urban green spaces: Integrating questionnaire survey and collaborative GIS techniques to improve attitude measurements. Landscape and Urban Planning, 71(2-4), 147–162. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.02.007
  • Bicard, D. F., Ervin, A., Bicard, S. C., & Baylot, C. L. (2012). Differential effects of seating arrangement on disruptive behavior of fifty grade students during independent seatwork. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 45, 407-411.
  • Bigler, R. S., Hayes, A. R., & Hamilton, V. (2013). The role of schools in the early socialization of differences in boys and girls. In T. R. Martin C., Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development. Montreal, Canada: Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development and Strategic Knowledge Cluster on Early Child Development.
  • Bondestam, F., & Lundqvist, M. (2020). Sexual Harassment in higher education: A systematic review. European Journal of Higher Education, 10(4), 379-419. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2020.1729833
  • Borgatta, E., & Montgomery, R. J. (2000). Encyclopedia of Sociology. (2, Ed.) New York: The Gale Group.
  • Burke, M. A., & Sass, T. R. (2013). Classroom peer effects and student achievement. Journal of Labor Economics, 31, 51–82. https://doi.org/10.1086/666653.
  • Cambridge. (2024, 9 4). Cambridge Dictionary Online. Retrieved from Inclusiveness: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/inclusiveness
  • Coolican, H. (2014). Research methods and statistics in psychology (6 ed.). New York: Psychology Press.
  • Cowan, R. (2001). Placecheck: a users' guide. London: Urban Design Alliance. Retrieved from www.placecheck.com
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. SAGE publications.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, D. J. (2018). Research design, qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. London: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • De Campos, C. I., Pitombo, C. S., Delhomme, P., & Quintanilha, J. A. (2020). Comparative analysis of data reduction techniques for questionnaire validation using self-reported driver behaviors. Journal of Safety Research, 73, 133-142.
  • Delialioglu, O., & Yildirim, Z. (2007). Students’ perceptions on effective dimensions of interactive learning in a blended learning environment. Educational Technology & Society, 10(2), 133-146.
  • Dominelli, L., & Moosa-Mitha, M. (2014). Introduction. In L. Dominelli, & M. Moosa-Mitha, Reconfiguring citizenship: social exclusion and diversity within inclusive citizenship practices (pp. 1-12). Farnham, UK: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • EU. (2024, 9 4). European Union. Retrieved from Publications Office of the European Union: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/684ab3af-9f57-11ec-83e1-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
  • Ezzy, D. (2002). Qualitative analysis: Practice and innovation. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
  • Fernandes, A. C., & Huang, J. (2012). Chinese teacher perceptions of the impact of classroom seating arrangements on student participation. International Journal of Applied Educational Studies, 13(1), 49-67.
  • Frankfort-Nachmias, C., Nachmias, D., & DeWaard, J. (2014). Research methods in the social sciences (8 ed.). New York: SAGE Publisher Ink.
  • FWS. (2018). Teen sport in America: why participation matters. Foundation Women's Sports.
  • Given, L. M. (2008). The SAGE encyclopedia of qualitative research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963909
  • Gremmen, M. C., VandenBerg, Y. H., Segers, E., & Cillessen, A. H. (2016). Considerations for classroom seating arrangements and the role of teacher characteristics and beliefs. Soc Psychol Educ, 19, 749–774. https://doi.org/DOI 10.1007/s11218-016-9353-y
  • Groat, L., & Wang, D. (2002). Architectural research methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons INC.
  • Harvey, E. J., & Kenyon, M. C. (2013). Classroom seating considerations for 21st century students and faculty. Journal of Learning Spaces, 2(1), 1-13.
  • Hass, G. (1993). Curriculum planning: A new approach. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Jackson, D., Prochnow, T., & Ettekal, A. V. (2024). Programs promoting physical activity and social-emotional learning for adolescents: A systematic literature review. Journal of School Health, online, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.13486
  • Jianga, B., Chang, C.-Y., & Sullivan, W. C. (2014). A dose of nature: Tree cover, stress reduction, and gender differences. Landscape and Urban Planning, 132, 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.08.005
  • Kawulich, B. (2012). Doing social research, a global context. University of west Georgia: McGraw hill.
  • Kaya, N., & Burgess, B. (2007). Territoriality: seat preferences in different types of Classroom Environment 41 classroom arrangements. Environment and Behavior, 39, 859-861.
  • Keister, L. A., & Southgate, D. E. (2012). Inequality: a contemporary approach to race, class, and gender. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kirkner, A. C., Lorenz, K., & Mazar, L. (2022). Faculty and staff reporting & disclosure of sexual harassment in higher education. Gender and Education, 34(2), 199-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2020.1763923
  • Kregenow, J. M., Rogers, M., & Price, M. F. (2011). Is there a “back” of the room when the teacher is in the middle? Journal of College Science Teaching, 20(6), 45-51.
  • Krug, E. G. (2024, 9 4). World Health Organization. Retrieved from World Report on Violence and Health: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/42495/9241545615_eng.pdf? sequence=1
  • Kumar, S. (2010). Inclusive classroom, social inclusion, exclusion and diversity: Perspectives, policies and practices. Deshkal Publication.
  • Lee, S. W. (2005). Encyclopedia of school psychology. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
  • Lubicz-Nawrocka, T., & Bovill, C. (2021). Do students experience transformation through co-creating curriculum in higher education? Teaching in Higher Education, Online. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2021.1928060
  • Lund, A. D. (2014). Homelessness and social inclusion: The case of project Udenfor in Denmark. In L. Dominelli, & M. Moosa-Mitha, Reconfiguring citizenship: social exclusion and diversity within inclusive citizenship practices (pp. 87-94). Farnham, UK: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Maria, F.-R., Mohammad, J., Jon, M., Ismat, A., Amin, A., & Subrata, S. (2024). Are gender inclusiveness and rural transformation interlinked? Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 23 (6), 2112-2126
  • Mikkonen, M., Stenvall, J., & Lehtonen, K. (2021). The paradox of gender diversity, organizational outcomes, and recruitment in the boards of national governing bodies of sports. Administrative Sciences, 11(4), 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040141
  • Millsap, R. E., & Maydeu-Olivares, A. (2009). The SAGE handbook of quantitative methods in psychology. London: SAGE.
  • MINEDUC. (2008). Girl’s Education Policy. Kigali, Rwanda: Ministry of Education.
  • Mulder, R. A., Pearce, J. M., & Baik, C. (2014). Peer review in higher education: Student perceptions before and after participation. Active Learning in Higher Education, 15(2), 157-171. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787414527391
  • Neuman, L. W. (2006). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. New York: Pearson Education.
  • Niezabitowska, E. D. (2018). Research methods and techniques in architecture. New York: Routledge.
  • Nwachukwu, P. O., & Omo-Osagi, A. E. (2014). Curriculum development and teaching methodology for effective learning in secondary schools in Benin City, Edo state. Journal of Education and Practice, 5(30), 191-196.
  • Papadakis, S. (2018). Gender stereotypes in Greek computer science school textbooks. Int. J. Teaching and Case Studies, 9(1), 48-71.
  • Parry, D. C., Glover, T. D., & Shinew, K. J. (2005). Mary, mary quite contrary, how does your garden grow?’ examining gender roles and relations in community gardens. Leisure Studies, 24(2), 177-192.
  • Poppel, M. K. (2014). Citizenship of indigenous Greenlanders in a European nation state: The inclusionary practices of Iverneq. In L. Dominelli, & M. Moosa-Mitha, Reconfiguring citizenship: social exclusion and diversity within inclusive citizenship practices (pp. 127-136). Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Robinson, J. (2014). New geographies of theorizing the urban: putting comparison to work for global urban studies. In S. Parnell, & S. Oldfield (Eds.), The Routledge handbook on cities of the global south (pp. 57-70). London: Routledge.
  • Robinson, Z. F. (2016). Intersectionality. In S. Abrutyn, Handbooks of sociology and social research (pp. 477-502). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Roy, A. (2004). Transnational trespassing's the geopolitics of urban informality. In A. Roy, & N. AlSayyad (Eds.), Urban informality: Transnational perspectives from the Middle East, Latin America, and South Asia (pp. 289-318). New York: Lexington Books.
  • Salkind, N. J. (2008). Encyclopedia of educational psychology. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Sarup, M. (1993). An introductory guide to post-structuralism and post-modernism. Herefordshire, UK: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • Sax, L. (2010). Girls on the edge: the four factors driving the new crisis for girls: sexual identity, the cyber bubble, obsessions, environmental toxins. New York: Basic Books.
  • Seifert, K., & Sutton, R. (2009). Educational psychology. Zurich, Switzerland: The Global Text Project.
  • Silverman, D. (2004). Qualitative research: Theory, method and practice. New York: SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Sim, S. (2013). Fifty key postmodern thinkers. New York: Routledge.
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Investigation of young girl’s perceptions about equality in local sport, games, and public spaces to evaluate the level of inclusiveness

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 111 - 129, 30.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.59041/eyor.1550111

Abstract

Gender inclusion and equality are significant matters in the many countries in the world that face problems, limitations, and challenges. The new studies highlight that gender inclusion is part of cultural, social, political, and administrative foundations rather than personal beliefs. The objectives of this research were to discover the level of inclusion of girls regarding the use of playgrounds in a pre-urban area in Kigali, Rwanda. Qualitative questionnaires were arranged to ask the girls’ opinions about inclusion and equality through open-ended simple questions. Through descriptive and interpretation analyses the results were evaluated. The findings reveal that girls face problems using playgrounds and open spaces at any time. The school was restricted due to administrative operations. The girls believe that boys have priority to use spaces for sports and games rather than girls and even half of respondents mentioned bullying of boys. In conclusion, the level of inclusion and equality in the areas was low due to the perception of the girls. This result referred to the wider context of such perception that allowed exclusion and inequality such as cultural, social, political, and administrative aspects. The level of inclusion in the open spaces is higher than in the school due to some insufficient policies. The outputs of this research could lead the politicians and administrative staff to draw more effective policies and administrative guidelines to meet the needs of girls.

References

  • Acker, J. (2006). Inequality regimes: Gender, class and race in organizations. Gender and Society, 20(4), 441-464. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243206289499
  • Allman, D. (2013). The sociology of social inclusion. SAGE Open, 3(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244012471957
  • Arbache, J. S., Kolev, A., & Filipiak, E. (2010). Gender disparities in Africa’s labor market. Washington DC: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank.
  • Bakare, T. V. (2012). Effect of seating arrangement on methodology in adult education classes in Lagos, Nigeria: Implication for knowledge creation and capacity building. Journal of Educational Review, 5(3), 307-314.
  • Balram, S., & Dragicevic, S. (2005). Attitudes toward urban green spaces: Integrating questionnaire survey and collaborative GIS techniques to improve attitude measurements. Landscape and Urban Planning, 71(2-4), 147–162. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.02.007
  • Bicard, D. F., Ervin, A., Bicard, S. C., & Baylot, C. L. (2012). Differential effects of seating arrangement on disruptive behavior of fifty grade students during independent seatwork. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 45, 407-411.
  • Bigler, R. S., Hayes, A. R., & Hamilton, V. (2013). The role of schools in the early socialization of differences in boys and girls. In T. R. Martin C., Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development. Montreal, Canada: Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development and Strategic Knowledge Cluster on Early Child Development.
  • Bondestam, F., & Lundqvist, M. (2020). Sexual Harassment in higher education: A systematic review. European Journal of Higher Education, 10(4), 379-419. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2020.1729833
  • Borgatta, E., & Montgomery, R. J. (2000). Encyclopedia of Sociology. (2, Ed.) New York: The Gale Group.
  • Burke, M. A., & Sass, T. R. (2013). Classroom peer effects and student achievement. Journal of Labor Economics, 31, 51–82. https://doi.org/10.1086/666653.
  • Cambridge. (2024, 9 4). Cambridge Dictionary Online. Retrieved from Inclusiveness: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/inclusiveness
  • Coolican, H. (2014). Research methods and statistics in psychology (6 ed.). New York: Psychology Press.
  • Cowan, R. (2001). Placecheck: a users' guide. London: Urban Design Alliance. Retrieved from www.placecheck.com
  • Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. SAGE publications.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, D. J. (2018). Research design, qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. London: SAGE Publications, Inc.
  • De Campos, C. I., Pitombo, C. S., Delhomme, P., & Quintanilha, J. A. (2020). Comparative analysis of data reduction techniques for questionnaire validation using self-reported driver behaviors. Journal of Safety Research, 73, 133-142.
  • Delialioglu, O., & Yildirim, Z. (2007). Students’ perceptions on effective dimensions of interactive learning in a blended learning environment. Educational Technology & Society, 10(2), 133-146.
  • Dominelli, L., & Moosa-Mitha, M. (2014). Introduction. In L. Dominelli, & M. Moosa-Mitha, Reconfiguring citizenship: social exclusion and diversity within inclusive citizenship practices (pp. 1-12). Farnham, UK: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • EU. (2024, 9 4). European Union. Retrieved from Publications Office of the European Union: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/684ab3af-9f57-11ec-83e1-01aa75ed71a1/language-en
  • Ezzy, D. (2002). Qualitative analysis: Practice and innovation. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
  • Fernandes, A. C., & Huang, J. (2012). Chinese teacher perceptions of the impact of classroom seating arrangements on student participation. International Journal of Applied Educational Studies, 13(1), 49-67.
  • Frankfort-Nachmias, C., Nachmias, D., & DeWaard, J. (2014). Research methods in the social sciences (8 ed.). New York: SAGE Publisher Ink.
  • FWS. (2018). Teen sport in America: why participation matters. Foundation Women's Sports.
  • Given, L. M. (2008). The SAGE encyclopedia of qualitative research methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412963909
  • Gremmen, M. C., VandenBerg, Y. H., Segers, E., & Cillessen, A. H. (2016). Considerations for classroom seating arrangements and the role of teacher characteristics and beliefs. Soc Psychol Educ, 19, 749–774. https://doi.org/DOI 10.1007/s11218-016-9353-y
  • Groat, L., & Wang, D. (2002). Architectural research methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons INC.
  • Harvey, E. J., & Kenyon, M. C. (2013). Classroom seating considerations for 21st century students and faculty. Journal of Learning Spaces, 2(1), 1-13.
  • Hass, G. (1993). Curriculum planning: A new approach. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Jackson, D., Prochnow, T., & Ettekal, A. V. (2024). Programs promoting physical activity and social-emotional learning for adolescents: A systematic literature review. Journal of School Health, online, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.13486
  • Jianga, B., Chang, C.-Y., & Sullivan, W. C. (2014). A dose of nature: Tree cover, stress reduction, and gender differences. Landscape and Urban Planning, 132, 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.08.005
  • Kawulich, B. (2012). Doing social research, a global context. University of west Georgia: McGraw hill.
  • Kaya, N., & Burgess, B. (2007). Territoriality: seat preferences in different types of Classroom Environment 41 classroom arrangements. Environment and Behavior, 39, 859-861.
  • Keister, L. A., & Southgate, D. E. (2012). Inequality: a contemporary approach to race, class, and gender. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kirkner, A. C., Lorenz, K., & Mazar, L. (2022). Faculty and staff reporting & disclosure of sexual harassment in higher education. Gender and Education, 34(2), 199-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2020.1763923
  • Kregenow, J. M., Rogers, M., & Price, M. F. (2011). Is there a “back” of the room when the teacher is in the middle? Journal of College Science Teaching, 20(6), 45-51.
  • Krug, E. G. (2024, 9 4). World Health Organization. Retrieved from World Report on Violence and Health: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/42495/9241545615_eng.pdf? sequence=1
  • Kumar, S. (2010). Inclusive classroom, social inclusion, exclusion and diversity: Perspectives, policies and practices. Deshkal Publication.
  • Lee, S. W. (2005). Encyclopedia of school psychology. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
  • Lubicz-Nawrocka, T., & Bovill, C. (2021). Do students experience transformation through co-creating curriculum in higher education? Teaching in Higher Education, Online. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2021.1928060
  • Lund, A. D. (2014). Homelessness and social inclusion: The case of project Udenfor in Denmark. In L. Dominelli, & M. Moosa-Mitha, Reconfiguring citizenship: social exclusion and diversity within inclusive citizenship practices (pp. 87-94). Farnham, UK: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Maria, F.-R., Mohammad, J., Jon, M., Ismat, A., Amin, A., & Subrata, S. (2024). Are gender inclusiveness and rural transformation interlinked? Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 23 (6), 2112-2126
  • Mikkonen, M., Stenvall, J., & Lehtonen, K. (2021). The paradox of gender diversity, organizational outcomes, and recruitment in the boards of national governing bodies of sports. Administrative Sciences, 11(4), 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040141
  • Millsap, R. E., & Maydeu-Olivares, A. (2009). The SAGE handbook of quantitative methods in psychology. London: SAGE.
  • MINEDUC. (2008). Girl’s Education Policy. Kigali, Rwanda: Ministry of Education.
  • Mulder, R. A., Pearce, J. M., & Baik, C. (2014). Peer review in higher education: Student perceptions before and after participation. Active Learning in Higher Education, 15(2), 157-171. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787414527391
  • Neuman, L. W. (2006). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. New York: Pearson Education.
  • Niezabitowska, E. D. (2018). Research methods and techniques in architecture. New York: Routledge.
  • Nwachukwu, P. O., & Omo-Osagi, A. E. (2014). Curriculum development and teaching methodology for effective learning in secondary schools in Benin City, Edo state. Journal of Education and Practice, 5(30), 191-196.
  • Papadakis, S. (2018). Gender stereotypes in Greek computer science school textbooks. Int. J. Teaching and Case Studies, 9(1), 48-71.
  • Parry, D. C., Glover, T. D., & Shinew, K. J. (2005). Mary, mary quite contrary, how does your garden grow?’ examining gender roles and relations in community gardens. Leisure Studies, 24(2), 177-192.
  • Poppel, M. K. (2014). Citizenship of indigenous Greenlanders in a European nation state: The inclusionary practices of Iverneq. In L. Dominelli, & M. Moosa-Mitha, Reconfiguring citizenship: social exclusion and diversity within inclusive citizenship practices (pp. 127-136). Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
  • Robinson, J. (2014). New geographies of theorizing the urban: putting comparison to work for global urban studies. In S. Parnell, & S. Oldfield (Eds.), The Routledge handbook on cities of the global south (pp. 57-70). London: Routledge.
  • Robinson, Z. F. (2016). Intersectionality. In S. Abrutyn, Handbooks of sociology and social research (pp. 477-502). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Roy, A. (2004). Transnational trespassing's the geopolitics of urban informality. In A. Roy, & N. AlSayyad (Eds.), Urban informality: Transnational perspectives from the Middle East, Latin America, and South Asia (pp. 289-318). New York: Lexington Books.
  • Salkind, N. J. (2008). Encyclopedia of educational psychology. London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Sarup, M. (1993). An introductory guide to post-structuralism and post-modernism. Herefordshire, UK: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • Sax, L. (2010). Girls on the edge: the four factors driving the new crisis for girls: sexual identity, the cyber bubble, obsessions, environmental toxins. New York: Basic Books.
  • Seifert, K., & Sutton, R. (2009). Educational psychology. Zurich, Switzerland: The Global Text Project.
  • Silverman, D. (2004). Qualitative research: Theory, method and practice. New York: SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Sim, S. (2013). Fifty key postmodern thinkers. New York: Routledge.
  • Simone, A. (2008). Some reflections on making popular culture in urban Africa. African Studies Review, 51(3), 75–89.
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There are 82 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Gender, Sexuality and Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Rahman Tafahomi 0000-0002-7172-1302

Noella Igiraneza 0009-0005-5473-0230

Publication Date December 30, 2024
Submission Date September 14, 2024
Acceptance Date December 22, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tafahomi, R., & Igiraneza, N. (2024). Investigation of young girl’s perceptions about equality in local sport, games, and public spaces to evaluate the level of inclusiveness. Education & Youth Research, 4(2), 111-129. https://doi.org/10.59041/eyor.1550111

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