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EMİLé MEYERSON’IN BİLİM TASARIMI

Year 2011, Volume: 17 Issue: 65, 27 - 36, 01.04.2011

Abstract

Meyerson, asıl olarak Viyana Çevresi’ne karşı olmakla bilinen Fransız bilim felsefesi
geleneği içerisinde yer alır. Kuramın deneyden önce geldiğini vurgulayan Meyerson’a göre
deney, peşin yargıların, kabullerin yardımı olmaksızın fazla uzağa gidemez. Amacı şeylerdeki
ussallığı keşfetmek –ussallık da farklılıkları özdeşliğe indirgemek olarak anlaşılmalıdır- olan
bilim, biri betimleyici (yasaya dayalı), diğeri açıklayıcı (nedensel) olmak üzere iki farklı
etkinlik olarak gerçekleştirilir.
Betimleyici bilim olguların betimlenmesini, olgular hakkında öndeyide bulunmayı
olanaklı kılan yasalara karşılık gelir. Meyerson’a göre bilim yalnızca bundan oluşmaz.
Bilim bir de doğa olaylarının nasıl meydana geldiğini anlama, açıklama çabasıdır. Bir olayı
açıklamaksa, o olayın zorunlu olarak öyle olduğunu göstermektir. Bu da bilimin bulduğu
değişmez ardışıklığın nasıl olup da rastlantısal olgulardan zorunlu bağıntılara dönüştürmek
demektir. Bu dönüştürme de özdeşleştirmeyle, yani öncül ile sonuç arasında özdeşlik
kurularak gerçekleştirilir. Ama doğaya dayatılan bu özdeşlik isteği birtakım güçlüklerle
karşılaşır. Meyerson özdeşliğe direnen bu durumları da bilimdeki usdışı durumlar olarak
adlandırır.

References

  • Carnap, Rudolf, Hans Hahn, Otto Neurath, Wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung: Der Wiener Kreis (The Scientific Conception of the World: The Vienna Circle), D. Reidel Publishing Company, Netherlands, 1973.
  • Hillman, Owen N., “Emilé Meyerson on Scientific Explanation”, Philosophy of Science, 5. cilt, no. 1, 73-80, Ocak 1938, The University of Chicago Press.
  • Kuhn, Thomas S., The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Second Edition, 1970.
  • Lecourt, Dominique, Bilim Felsefesi, çev. Işık Ergüden, Dost Yayınları, Ankara, 2006.
  • Meyerson, Emilé, Identity and Reality, çev. Kate Loewenberg, New York, Dover Publications, 1962.

Emilé Meyerson’s Idea of Science

Year 2011, Volume: 17 Issue: 65, 27 - 36, 01.04.2011

Abstract

Meyerson essentially belongs to the French philosophy of science tradition that is known as the
opponent of the Vienna Circle. According to Meyerson, experiment, which is posterior to the theory,
cannot proceed very much without prior beliefs and premises. Science, whose aim is to discover the
rationality –to be understood as reducing differences to identity– lying within things, is carried out as
two activities, one descriptive (based upon law) and one explanatory (causal) activity.
Descriptive science corresponds to laws that make description, and prediction possible. According
to Meyerson, science does not consist merely of these descriptive laws. Science is also an attempt at
understanding and explaining how natural events occur. Explaining an event, on the other hand, is to
show that that event occurs by necessity. This, in turn, means that how the constant conjunction that
science finds transform to necessary relations, from accidental facts. This transformation is achieved
through identity, that is, through establishing an identity between the premise and the conclusion.
However, the wish to impose this identity upon nature encounters with some difficulties. Meyerson
considers these difficulties that resist identity as irrational situations.

References

  • Carnap, Rudolf, Hans Hahn, Otto Neurath, Wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung: Der Wiener Kreis (The Scientific Conception of the World: The Vienna Circle), D. Reidel Publishing Company, Netherlands, 1973.
  • Hillman, Owen N., “Emilé Meyerson on Scientific Explanation”, Philosophy of Science, 5. cilt, no. 1, 73-80, Ocak 1938, The University of Chicago Press.
  • Kuhn, Thomas S., The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Second Edition, 1970.
  • Lecourt, Dominique, Bilim Felsefesi, çev. Işık Ergüden, Dost Yayınları, Ankara, 2006.
  • Meyerson, Emilé, Identity and Reality, çev. Kate Loewenberg, New York, Dover Publications, 1962.
There are 5 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA64ZN32UE
Journal Section Article
Authors

Cemal Güzel This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 17 Issue: 65

Cite

APA Güzel, C. (2011). EMİLé MEYERSON’IN BİLİM TASARIMI. Folklor/Edebiyat, 17(65), 27-36.

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Field EdItors

Folklore:
Prof.Dr. Hande Birkalan-Gedik
(Frankfurt University- birkalan-gedik@em.uni.frankfurt.de)
Prof. Dr. Arzu Öztürkmen
(Bosphorus University- ozturkme@boun.edu.tr)
Edebiyat-Literature
Prof. Dr. G. Gonca Gökalp Alpaslan (Hacettepe University - ggonca@
hacettepe.edu.tr)
Prof. Dr. Ramazan Korkmaz
(President, Caucasus University Association- r_korkmaz@hotmail.com)
Antropoloji-Anthropology
Prof. Dr. Akile Gürsoy
(Beykent University - gursoyakile@gmail.com)
Prof.Dr. Serpil Aygün Cengiz
(Ankara University - serpilayguncengiz@gmail.com)
Dil-Dilbilim/Linguistics
Prof.Dr. Aysu Erden
(Maltepe University - aysuerden777@gmail.com)
Prof. Dr. V. Doğan Günay
(Dokuz Eylul University- dogan.gunay@deu.edu.tr)