Siber Medya Sonrası Kamusal Alan ve Gazetecilik Pratikleri

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 72, 35 - 50, 01.12.2012

Erkan Saka

Öz

Bu makalede Yeni Medya’nın bazı temel özelliklerinden bahsediliyor. Bir tanımlama denemesinden
çok yeni medyaya nasıl yaklaşılması gerektiğine dair bir dizi öneriyle birlikte
bu medya türünün diğer medya türlerinden ayrıldığı ana noktalar ve başlıca eleştiriler dile
getiriliyor. Bu önerilerin içinde yeni medyanın hâlâ gelişimini tamamlamamış bir medya
türü oluşunun vurgulanması, medya tüketicileriyle üreticilerin aynılaştığının belirtilmesi ve
yeni medya kullanımının da birtakım öğrenilme süreçlerinden geçmesi gerektiği iddiası da
var. Bu sınır belirleme denemesinden sonra medyanın ana kurucu öğelerinden biri olduğu
kamusal alan fikriyle yeni medyanın yükselişi arasında ilişkiler kuruluyor. Yurttaşların özel
alanları dışındaki konuları kamusal bir ölçekte müzakere edebildikleri bir alan olarak tahayyül
edilen kamusal alanın geç modernlik döneminde çeşitli nedenlerle işlerliğini zayıflamıştı.
Müzakere sürenin ana unsurlarından kitle medyasındaki sahiplik yapıları da bu zayıflamanın
önemli nedenlerinden biri sayılıyordu. Yeni Medya’nın bir tür teorik ve pratik kriz yaşanan
kamusal alan fikrine açılım getirebileceği bu makalenin sonraki bölümlerinde vurgulanıyor.
Öncelikle genel olarak yeni medya teknolojilerinin yurttaşların kamusal iletişime katkıda
bulunabileceği bir yapıya sahip olduğuna işaret eden literatüre bakılıyor. Daha sonra kamusal
alanın oluşumunu sağlayan ama sonraki dönemlerde etkisini kaybeden kitle medyasının ana
parçalarından olan gazetecilik üzerinde yoğunlaşılıyor. Yeni medya teknolojilerinin gazetecilik
üzerinde getireceği dönüşümler iki somut gelişme üzerinden, blog’lar ve yurttaş gazeteciliği,
işleniyor. Bu dönüşümlerin yurttaşların bizzat haber üretimine katılımıyla gazeteciliği
de zenginleştiren ve dolayısıyla kamusal iletişimi artıran bir boyutu olduğu iddiasıyla makale
sona eriyor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kamusal alan, siber medya, yeni medya, yurttaş gazeteciliği, blogculuk

Public Sphere and Journalism Practices After Cyber-Media

Öz

This article begins with underlining essential characteristics of new media. The article
does not intend to describe what new media is. Instead it offers a series of propositions to
understand new media. Differences from the traditional media types and some of the major
critiques of new media are also outlined along with the propositions offered. A few perspectives
can be listed as such: New media is still in a process of development, not a complete
media type in itself. Consumers and producers converge in this type of media. Usage of New
media does not happen automatically but it demands some sort of learning processes. After
this attempt of boundary making for the new media, the article begins to discuss the relations
between the rising new media and public sphere whose one of the essential and founding
principles is mass media. Public sphere is imagined to be a field in which citizens can negotiate non-private issues at a public level and in the late modernity because of several reasons
the working of the idea of public sphere has radically weakened. Particularly the ownership
patterns in mass media was one of the major reasons of this weakness. In the later parts of
the article it is emphasized that new media can provide an opening to this theoretical and
practical crisis of the idea of public sphere. In order to argue this point, there is initially a
focus on a new media literature. This literature demonstrates possible support new media can
create for citizens to intervene public communications. Later, the focus shifts to journalism
which is an essential component of mass media whose weakening was one of the factors of
public sphere crisis. Transformations on journalism triggered by new media technologies are
suggested by focusing on two journalism related issues, blogging and citizen journalism. The
article concludes with the argument that journalism in enriched by integrating citizens into
the news making process through new media which in turn improves public communications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Public Sphere, cyber media, new media, citizen journalism, blogging

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