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PLATON DÜŞÜNCESİNDE HAZ VE YAŞAM

Year 2019, Issue: 70, 53 - 80, 15.12.2019

Abstract

Philebos diyaloğunda yaşamın yetkinlik, yeterlik ve arzu edilebilirlik gibi kriterler üzerinden hakkında seçim yapılabilecek bir şey olarak sunulması düşüncesinden hareketle, biz bu çalışmada Platon’da hazzın neden akıl yaşamına alternatif bir yaşam biçimi olarak sunulduğunu, haz yaşamının Yunan düşünüre göre mümkün olup olmadığını ortaya koymaya çalışacağız. Çalışmanın Protagoras’tan Devlet’e kadarki belli başlı diyalogların “haz” bakımından incelemeye tabî tutulduğu ilk bölümünde, hazza dair belirlenimlerin bir anlamda sürdürülen yaşamın bütününe ve o yaşamı sürenin kişiliğine dair belirlenimler olup olamayacağını ortaya koyduktan sonra, yalnızca Philebos diyaloğunun tahliline ayrılan ikinci bölümde insana özgü hayat biçiminin neden salt akıl yaşamı değil de hazzın, bilginin, düşüncenin birlikte katıldığı karma bir yaşam biçimi olduğunu, insanın taştan, hayvandan ve Tanrıdan farkı üzerinden ifade etmeyi deneyeceğiz.

References

  • Nikomakhos’a Etik, çev. Saffet Babür, Ankara, Bilgesu Yayıncılık, 2009.
  • • The Complete Works of Plato, ed. J. Cooper, Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing, 1997.
  • • Gorgias, trans. R. Waterfield, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1994.
  • • Gorgias, çev. Mehmet Rıfat-Sema Rıfat, İstanbul, Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları, 2011.
  • • Protagoras, çev. Nurettin Şazi Kösemihal, İstabul, Sosyal Yayınları, 2001.
  • • Republic, trans. R. Waterfield, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1993.
  • • Philebus, trans. By J.C.B. Gosling, Oxford, ClarendonPress, 1975.
  • • Annas, J., An IntroductiontoPlato’sRepublic , Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1981.
  • • —— ‘VirtueandtheUse of OtherGoods’, Apeiron, 26 (1993), 53–66.
  • • —— PlatonicEthics, Oldand New, Ithaca, Cornell UniversityPress, 1999.
  • • Brickhouse, T.,and Smith, N., Plato’sSocrates, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1994.
  • • Damascius, Lectures on thePhilebus, WronglyAttributedtoOlympiodorus, ed. L. G. Westerink, Amsterdam North-Holland Publishing, 1959.
  • • —— Lectures on thePhaedo, ed. L. G. Westerink, TheGreekCommentaries on Plato’s Phaedo, 2, Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing, 197.
  • • Dixsaut, M. “Unecertaineespèce de vie (Philèbe, 34D1-36C3)” dans La FelureduPlaisir, Etudes sur le Philèbe de Platon, Commentaires (1), Paris, J.VRIN, 1999.
  • • Frede, D., ‘DisintegrationandRestoration: Pleasureandpain in Plato’sPhilebus’, in R. Kraut (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992. • —— “Life anditsLimitations: theconception of hapiness in thePhilebus” in Plato’sPhilebus, SelectedPapersFromtheEighthSymposiumPlatonicum, edit. by. John DillonandLucBrisson, Oxford, AcademiaVerlag, SanktAugustin 2010.
  • • Gadamer, H.G., , L’idéeduBiencommeenjeuplatonico-aristotélicien, trad.de. P. David et P. Saatdjian, Paris, 1994.
  • • Gerd, Van R.,PleasureandTheGood Life, Plato, AristotleandtheNeoplatonists, in A Series Of Studies on Ancient Philosophy, edit. by J. Mansfeld, D.T Runia, J.C.M. Van Vinden, Vol. LXXXV, Boston, BRILL, 2000.
  • • Gosling, J. C. B.,and Taylor, C. C. W., TheGreeks on Pleasure, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1982.
  • • Guthrie, W.K.C., A History of GreekPhilosophy: TheLater Plato andthe Academy, vol.5, London, Cambridge UniversityPress, 1978.
  • • Hackforth, R.,TranslationandCommentary, Plato’sExamination of Pleasure, Cambridge, Cambridge UniversityPress, 1945.
  • • Irwin, T.,TranslationandCommentary, Plato’sGorgias, Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress, 1979.
  • • —— Plato’s Ethics, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1995.
  • • Korsgaard, C., ‘TwoDistinctions in Goodness’, PhilosophicalReview, 92 (1983), 169–95.
  • • Lefebvre, D., “Qu’est-ce qu’unevievivable?” dans La FelureduPlaisir, Etudes sur le Philèbe de Platon, Commentaires (1), Paris, J.VRIN, 1999.
  • • Lefka A., “La ‘viemixte’ duPhilèbe: uneconcessionpragmatique de Platon auplaisir” in Plato’sPhilebus, SelectedPapersfromtheEightSymposiumPlatonicum ed. by John DillonandLucBrisson, AcademiaVerlagandSanktAugustin, 2010, 172-178.
  • • Lesses, G., ‘Is Socrates an Instrumentalist?’, PhilosophicalTopics, 13 (1985), 165–74.
  • • Murgier C.,Ethiques en Dialogue, AristoteLecteur de Platon, Paris, J. VRIN, 2014.
  • • Natali, C., “Le Plaisir dans l’Ethique à Nicomaque”, dans La FelureduPlaisir, Etudes sur le Philèbe de Platon, Contextes (II),Paris, J.VRIN, 1999.
  • • Olympiodorus, Commentary on thePhaedo, in L. G. Westerink (ed.), TheGreekCommentaries on Plato’sPhaedo, 1, Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing, 1976.
  • • Rudebusch, G. H, ‘Callicles’ Hedonism’, Ancient Philosophy, 12 (1992), 53–71.
  • • —— Socrates, Pleasure, and Value, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1999.
  • • Russell, D.C.,Plato on PleasureandtheGood Life, Oxford, ClarendonPress, 2005.
  • • Spitzer, A., ‘ImmortalityandVirtue in thePhaedo: A Non-AsceticInterpretation’, Personalist, 57 (1976), 113–25.
  • • Taylor, C.C.W.,Pleasure, MindandSoul, SelectedPapers in Ancient Philosophy, Oxford, ClarendonPress, 2008.
  • • Vlastos, G.,Introductionto Plato: Protagoras, trans. B. Jowett ,Indianapolis, Bobbs- Merrill, 1956.
  • • Warren J.,ThePleasure of Reason in Plato, Aristotle, andtheHellenisticHedonists, Cambridge, Cambridge UniversityPress, 2014.
  • • White, N., ‘TheClassification of Goods in Plato’sRepublic’, Journal of theHistory of Philosophy, 22 (1984), 393–422.

Le Plasir Et La Vie Dans La Pensée Platonicienne

Year 2019, Issue: 70, 53 - 80, 15.12.2019

Abstract

Dans le Philèbe Platon nousprésente la vie comme une chose à choisir selon certains critères comme l’achèvement, l’auto-suffisance et la qualité du fin ultime. Cela nous permet de mettre en question, dans le cadre de ce présenttravail, la possibilité, chez Platon, d’unevieselon le plaisir, qui est posée dans le Philèbe comme une alternative de la viebonne. Pour ce faire, dans la première partie qui est consacrée à une lecture attentive des dialogues du Protagoras jusqu’au République nous essayerons de mettre en évidence que les qualifications sur les plaisirs peuvent être considérées en même temps comme des qualifications sur le caractère de celui qui vit selon eux et égallement sur le mode de savie. Quant à la deuxième partie, là nous allons nous concentrer sur le Philèbe et chercher à préciser pourquoi selon Platon la vie la plus conforme à l’homme n’est pas une vie de pure raison, mais au contraire une vie du mélange d’une part de la pensée et d’autre part du plaisir. Dans cette analyse, la nature spécifique de l’homme, nature qui lui différe à la fois d’une pierre, d’un animal et aussi du Dieu jouera un rôle crucial.

References

  • Nikomakhos’a Etik, çev. Saffet Babür, Ankara, Bilgesu Yayıncılık, 2009.
  • • The Complete Works of Plato, ed. J. Cooper, Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing, 1997.
  • • Gorgias, trans. R. Waterfield, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1994.
  • • Gorgias, çev. Mehmet Rıfat-Sema Rıfat, İstanbul, Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları, 2011.
  • • Protagoras, çev. Nurettin Şazi Kösemihal, İstabul, Sosyal Yayınları, 2001.
  • • Republic, trans. R. Waterfield, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1993.
  • • Philebus, trans. By J.C.B. Gosling, Oxford, ClarendonPress, 1975.
  • • Annas, J., An IntroductiontoPlato’sRepublic , Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1981.
  • • —— ‘VirtueandtheUse of OtherGoods’, Apeiron, 26 (1993), 53–66.
  • • —— PlatonicEthics, Oldand New, Ithaca, Cornell UniversityPress, 1999.
  • • Brickhouse, T.,and Smith, N., Plato’sSocrates, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1994.
  • • Damascius, Lectures on thePhilebus, WronglyAttributedtoOlympiodorus, ed. L. G. Westerink, Amsterdam North-Holland Publishing, 1959.
  • • —— Lectures on thePhaedo, ed. L. G. Westerink, TheGreekCommentaries on Plato’s Phaedo, 2, Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing, 197.
  • • Dixsaut, M. “Unecertaineespèce de vie (Philèbe, 34D1-36C3)” dans La FelureduPlaisir, Etudes sur le Philèbe de Platon, Commentaires (1), Paris, J.VRIN, 1999.
  • • Frede, D., ‘DisintegrationandRestoration: Pleasureandpain in Plato’sPhilebus’, in R. Kraut (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992. • —— “Life anditsLimitations: theconception of hapiness in thePhilebus” in Plato’sPhilebus, SelectedPapersFromtheEighthSymposiumPlatonicum, edit. by. John DillonandLucBrisson, Oxford, AcademiaVerlag, SanktAugustin 2010.
  • • Gadamer, H.G., , L’idéeduBiencommeenjeuplatonico-aristotélicien, trad.de. P. David et P. Saatdjian, Paris, 1994.
  • • Gerd, Van R.,PleasureandTheGood Life, Plato, AristotleandtheNeoplatonists, in A Series Of Studies on Ancient Philosophy, edit. by J. Mansfeld, D.T Runia, J.C.M. Van Vinden, Vol. LXXXV, Boston, BRILL, 2000.
  • • Gosling, J. C. B.,and Taylor, C. C. W., TheGreeks on Pleasure, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1982.
  • • Guthrie, W.K.C., A History of GreekPhilosophy: TheLater Plato andthe Academy, vol.5, London, Cambridge UniversityPress, 1978.
  • • Hackforth, R.,TranslationandCommentary, Plato’sExamination of Pleasure, Cambridge, Cambridge UniversityPress, 1945.
  • • Irwin, T.,TranslationandCommentary, Plato’sGorgias, Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress, 1979.
  • • —— Plato’s Ethics, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1995.
  • • Korsgaard, C., ‘TwoDistinctions in Goodness’, PhilosophicalReview, 92 (1983), 169–95.
  • • Lefebvre, D., “Qu’est-ce qu’unevievivable?” dans La FelureduPlaisir, Etudes sur le Philèbe de Platon, Commentaires (1), Paris, J.VRIN, 1999.
  • • Lefka A., “La ‘viemixte’ duPhilèbe: uneconcessionpragmatique de Platon auplaisir” in Plato’sPhilebus, SelectedPapersfromtheEightSymposiumPlatonicum ed. by John DillonandLucBrisson, AcademiaVerlagandSanktAugustin, 2010, 172-178.
  • • Lesses, G., ‘Is Socrates an Instrumentalist?’, PhilosophicalTopics, 13 (1985), 165–74.
  • • Murgier C.,Ethiques en Dialogue, AristoteLecteur de Platon, Paris, J. VRIN, 2014.
  • • Natali, C., “Le Plaisir dans l’Ethique à Nicomaque”, dans La FelureduPlaisir, Etudes sur le Philèbe de Platon, Contextes (II),Paris, J.VRIN, 1999.
  • • Olympiodorus, Commentary on thePhaedo, in L. G. Westerink (ed.), TheGreekCommentaries on Plato’sPhaedo, 1, Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing, 1976.
  • • Rudebusch, G. H, ‘Callicles’ Hedonism’, Ancient Philosophy, 12 (1992), 53–71.
  • • —— Socrates, Pleasure, and Value, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1999.
  • • Russell, D.C.,Plato on PleasureandtheGood Life, Oxford, ClarendonPress, 2005.
  • • Spitzer, A., ‘ImmortalityandVirtue in thePhaedo: A Non-AsceticInterpretation’, Personalist, 57 (1976), 113–25.
  • • Taylor, C.C.W.,Pleasure, MindandSoul, SelectedPapers in Ancient Philosophy, Oxford, ClarendonPress, 2008.
  • • Vlastos, G.,Introductionto Plato: Protagoras, trans. B. Jowett ,Indianapolis, Bobbs- Merrill, 1956.
  • • Warren J.,ThePleasure of Reason in Plato, Aristotle, andtheHellenisticHedonists, Cambridge, Cambridge UniversityPress, 2014.
  • • White, N., ‘TheClassification of Goods in Plato’sRepublic’, Journal of theHistory of Philosophy, 22 (1984), 393–422.
Year 2019, Issue: 70, 53 - 80, 15.12.2019

Abstract

References

  • Nikomakhos’a Etik, çev. Saffet Babür, Ankara, Bilgesu Yayıncılık, 2009.
  • • The Complete Works of Plato, ed. J. Cooper, Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing, 1997.
  • • Gorgias, trans. R. Waterfield, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1994.
  • • Gorgias, çev. Mehmet Rıfat-Sema Rıfat, İstanbul, Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları, 2011.
  • • Protagoras, çev. Nurettin Şazi Kösemihal, İstabul, Sosyal Yayınları, 2001.
  • • Republic, trans. R. Waterfield, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1993.
  • • Philebus, trans. By J.C.B. Gosling, Oxford, ClarendonPress, 1975.
  • • Annas, J., An IntroductiontoPlato’sRepublic , Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1981.
  • • —— ‘VirtueandtheUse of OtherGoods’, Apeiron, 26 (1993), 53–66.
  • • —— PlatonicEthics, Oldand New, Ithaca, Cornell UniversityPress, 1999.
  • • Brickhouse, T.,and Smith, N., Plato’sSocrates, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1994.
  • • Damascius, Lectures on thePhilebus, WronglyAttributedtoOlympiodorus, ed. L. G. Westerink, Amsterdam North-Holland Publishing, 1959.
  • • —— Lectures on thePhaedo, ed. L. G. Westerink, TheGreekCommentaries on Plato’s Phaedo, 2, Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing, 197.
  • • Dixsaut, M. “Unecertaineespèce de vie (Philèbe, 34D1-36C3)” dans La FelureduPlaisir, Etudes sur le Philèbe de Platon, Commentaires (1), Paris, J.VRIN, 1999.
  • • Frede, D., ‘DisintegrationandRestoration: Pleasureandpain in Plato’sPhilebus’, in R. Kraut (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Plato, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992. • —— “Life anditsLimitations: theconception of hapiness in thePhilebus” in Plato’sPhilebus, SelectedPapersFromtheEighthSymposiumPlatonicum, edit. by. John DillonandLucBrisson, Oxford, AcademiaVerlag, SanktAugustin 2010.
  • • Gadamer, H.G., , L’idéeduBiencommeenjeuplatonico-aristotélicien, trad.de. P. David et P. Saatdjian, Paris, 1994.
  • • Gerd, Van R.,PleasureandTheGood Life, Plato, AristotleandtheNeoplatonists, in A Series Of Studies on Ancient Philosophy, edit. by J. Mansfeld, D.T Runia, J.C.M. Van Vinden, Vol. LXXXV, Boston, BRILL, 2000.
  • • Gosling, J. C. B.,and Taylor, C. C. W., TheGreeks on Pleasure, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1982.
  • • Guthrie, W.K.C., A History of GreekPhilosophy: TheLater Plato andthe Academy, vol.5, London, Cambridge UniversityPress, 1978.
  • • Hackforth, R.,TranslationandCommentary, Plato’sExamination of Pleasure, Cambridge, Cambridge UniversityPress, 1945.
  • • Irwin, T.,TranslationandCommentary, Plato’sGorgias, Oxford: Oxford UniversityPress, 1979.
  • • —— Plato’s Ethics, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1995.
  • • Korsgaard, C., ‘TwoDistinctions in Goodness’, PhilosophicalReview, 92 (1983), 169–95.
  • • Lefebvre, D., “Qu’est-ce qu’unevievivable?” dans La FelureduPlaisir, Etudes sur le Philèbe de Platon, Commentaires (1), Paris, J.VRIN, 1999.
  • • Lefka A., “La ‘viemixte’ duPhilèbe: uneconcessionpragmatique de Platon auplaisir” in Plato’sPhilebus, SelectedPapersfromtheEightSymposiumPlatonicum ed. by John DillonandLucBrisson, AcademiaVerlagandSanktAugustin, 2010, 172-178.
  • • Lesses, G., ‘Is Socrates an Instrumentalist?’, PhilosophicalTopics, 13 (1985), 165–74.
  • • Murgier C.,Ethiques en Dialogue, AristoteLecteur de Platon, Paris, J. VRIN, 2014.
  • • Natali, C., “Le Plaisir dans l’Ethique à Nicomaque”, dans La FelureduPlaisir, Etudes sur le Philèbe de Platon, Contextes (II),Paris, J.VRIN, 1999.
  • • Olympiodorus, Commentary on thePhaedo, in L. G. Westerink (ed.), TheGreekCommentaries on Plato’sPhaedo, 1, Amsterdam, North-Holland Publishing, 1976.
  • • Rudebusch, G. H, ‘Callicles’ Hedonism’, Ancient Philosophy, 12 (1992), 53–71.
  • • —— Socrates, Pleasure, and Value, Oxford, Oxford UniversityPress, 1999.
  • • Russell, D.C.,Plato on PleasureandtheGood Life, Oxford, ClarendonPress, 2005.
  • • Spitzer, A., ‘ImmortalityandVirtue in thePhaedo: A Non-AsceticInterpretation’, Personalist, 57 (1976), 113–25.
  • • Taylor, C.C.W.,Pleasure, MindandSoul, SelectedPapers in Ancient Philosophy, Oxford, ClarendonPress, 2008.
  • • Vlastos, G.,Introductionto Plato: Protagoras, trans. B. Jowett ,Indianapolis, Bobbs- Merrill, 1956.
  • • Warren J.,ThePleasure of Reason in Plato, Aristotle, andtheHellenisticHedonists, Cambridge, Cambridge UniversityPress, 2014.
  • • White, N., ‘TheClassification of Goods in Plato’sRepublic’, Journal of theHistory of Philosophy, 22 (1984), 393–422.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Lokman, Aslı Çilingir, Avcan This is me

Publication Date December 15, 2019
Submission Date June 12, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 70

Cite

APA Çilingir, Avcan, L. A. (2019). PLATON DÜŞÜNCESİNDE HAZ VE YAŞAM. Felsefe Dünyası(70), 53-80.