Review
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KRİPTO PARANIN SİYASET VE EKONOMİ FELSEFESİYLE YORUMLANMASI: HÜKÜMRAN KUDRETİN SENYORAJ HAKKININ İHLALİ BAĞLAMINDA BİR TARTIŞMA

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 593 - 611, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.29106/fesa.954589

Abstract

Kripto para birimleri, yalnızca parayla ilgili şüpheleri kışkırtmakla kalmayıp, aynı zamanda devlet tarafından yetkilendirilmiş ulusal para sisteminin doğasın karşı olan sömürü, risk ve hatta şiddet biçimlerini de ortaya çıkardığı için geleneksel para biçimlerine ideolojik bir meydan okuma sayılmaktadır. Sağladığı avantaj ve maruz bıraktığı risklerle ilgili uluslararası ölçekte bir konsensüs oluşmamış olmasından dolayı, bazı uluslar, politik gündemlerini geliştirmek, etki oluşturmak ve ekonomik yaptırımları aşmak için piyasadaki kripto paraları kullanmayı hoş görürken bazıları bizzat kendi paralarını kullanmakta ya da anonim kripto paraları yasaklama eğilimindedirler. Bunun yanı sıra, düzenleyici kurumlar, özellikle kripto varlıkların terörizm, kara para aklama ve diğer finansal suç biçimleriyle ilgili oluşturduğu risklere odaklanmaktadırlar. Yaşanan kripto dolandırıcılık olaylarından dolayı Türkiye’de olduğu gibi bazı ülkelerde resmi bir ödeme aracı olarak tanımama eğilimi devam etmekle birlikte, kripto varlıklardaki şeffaflık ve denetim eksikliğinden dolayı daha sert önlemler alma yaklaşımı da giderek güçlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kripto paraların teknolojik alt yapısı, algoritmaları, pazar değeri, ekonomik riskleri/yararları ve uygulanabilir para politikası dışında, sadece kripto paraların ulusların senyoraj hakkına bir istisna teşkil etmesi nedeniyle “ulusal hükümranlık hakkı” bağlamında kavramsal, kuramsal ve felsefi boyutları konu edinilmektedir.

References

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  • DRAKE, E., (2021) ECB chief: Digital euro could take 4 years, https://coingeek.com/ecb-chief-digital-euro-could-take-4-years/
  • ECB, (2012), Virtual Currency Schemes, October 2012, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/ virtualcurrencyschemes201210en.pdf ,
  • FAULKNER J., Getting started with Cryptography in .NET, Munchen BookRix, 2016, 6.
  • FEUER A., (2013) The Bitcoin Ideology, Nytimes, https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/sunday-review/the-bitcoin-ideology.html
  • FİDAN, N . (2020). Dört Büyük Kriptoparanın Piyasa Riskinde Covid-19 Pandemi Etkisi. Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, Covid-19: Ekonomik, Politik ve Finansal Etkileri, 206-224. DOI: 10.30784/epfad.811219
  • FİRTH, D. (2018) Teaching Blockchain in the MIS Curriculum, University of Montana, https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2018/TREOsPDS/Presentations/39/
  • GRAHAM, L., (2017) As China cracks down, Japan is fast becoming the powerhouse of the bitcoin market, CNBC, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/29/bitcoin-exchanges-officially-recognized-by-japan.html
  • GRİFFOLİ T. M. Et al. (2018) Casting Light on Central Bank Digital Currencies, IMF STAFF DISCUSSION NOTES, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Staff-Discussion-Notes/Issues/2018/11/13/Casting-Light-on-Central-Bank-Digital-Currencies-46233
  • GÜRBÜZ, M , ZEREN, F . (2021). Bıtcoın İle Avro Ve Dolar Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6 (1) , 58-66 . DOI: 10.29106/fesa.830654
  • HAYES A., (2019) Two sides of the coin: the bifurcated near-future of Money, Bitmex, https://blog.bitmex.com/two-sides-of-the-coin-the-bifurcated-near-future-of-money/
  • HOUBEN R., "Bitcoin: there two sides to every coin", ICCLR, Vol. 26, Issue 5, 2015, 195.
  • IMF (2016 ) “Virtual Currencies and Beyond: Initial Considerations”, Staff Discussion Note, January, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2016/sdn1603.pdf
  • JAMES, A., (2018) Will Cryptocurrency Replace National Currencies By 2030?, Bitcoinist, https://bitcoinist.com/will-cryptocurrency-replace-national-currencies-by-2030/
  • JAN, Z. S. (2019) (CoinDesk) Bitwage Now Lets Firms Pay Salaried Staff in Crypto, Bitwage, https://blog.bitwage.com/2019/01/16/coin/
  • KRYGİER, R., (2018) Venezuela launches the ‘petro,’ its cryptocurrency, WorldViews, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/02/20/venezuela-launches-the-petro-its-cryptocurrency/
  • LEDGERİNSİGHT, (2020) Six central banks collaborate on central bank digital currencies, https://www.ledgerinsights.com/six-central-banks-central-bank-digital-currencies-cbdc/
  • MCELROY W., (2020) The Narrative and Philosophy of Cryptocurrency, Şubat 4, https://news.bitcoin.com/the-narrative-and-philosophy/
  • NARAYANAN, H. (2020). Is Future A Rule Of Dıgıtal Currency?. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 8(8), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i8.2020.935
  • NATARAJAN H., KRAUSE S., and GRADSTEIN H., (Dünya Bankası Grubu), (2017) “Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and blockchain”, FinTech note, no. 1. Washington, D.C., http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/177911513714062215/pdf/122140-WP-PUBLIC-DistributedLedger-Technology-and-Blockchain-Fintech-Notes.pdf
  • NİSHİBE, M. (2020). The present and future of digital-community currencies: RAMICS 2019 in Hida–Takayama keynote speech. Evolut Inst Econ Rev 17, 327–343 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40844-020-00177-y
  • ÖGET, E , KANAT, E . (2018). Bıtcoin İle Türkiye Ve G7 Ülke Borsaları Arasındaki Uzun Ve Kısa Dönemli İlişkilerin İncelenmesi, Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3 (3) 601-614. DOI: 10.29106/fesa.422113
  • PANDA A., (2018) Cryptocurrencies and National Security, Council of Foreign Relations, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/cryptocurrencies-and-national-security
  • RİSKBANK, (2021) The e-krona – digital state Money, https://www.riksbank.se/en-gb/payments--cash/e-krona/
  • ROBİNSON T., (2018) Bitcoin Blockchain Analysis & DOJ Indictment of Russian Hackers, https://www.elliptic.co/blog/doj-indictment-russian-hackers-blockchain-analysis
  • ROBİNSON T., (2019) The Implications of Cryptocurrency Exploitation by Nation-States, https://www.elliptic.co/blog/cryptocurrency-exploitation-nation-states
  • RODECK D., Jury B., (2021) Digital Currency: The Future Of Your Money, Forbes Magazine, https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/digital-currency/
  • RUİK, C., (2021) CryptoCore Criminal Group Has Been Targeting Cryptocurrency Exchanges for 3 Years, Cyclonis, https://www.cyclonis.com/cryptocore-criminal-group-targeting-cryptocurrency-exchanges-3-years/
  • SZCZEPANSKİ K., (2019) The Invention of Paper Money, ThoughtCO, https://t.ly/Wq1w
  • SUSTER M., (2020) New and Better Money- Future Digital Currencies, G20 Digest Vol. 2, Special Issue, pp 1-21, October, Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS). http://www.ris.org.in/sites/default/files/Martin%20Suster_1.pdf
  • ULBRİCHT, R. (2019) Bitcoin Equals Freedom, https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-equals-freedom/
  • WYOMİNG, (2019) SF0125- Digital assets-existing law, https://www.wyoleg.gov/Legislation/2019/ SF0125
  • ZETTER, K., (2013) How the Feds Took Down the Silk Road Drug Wonderland, SECURITY, https://www.wired.com/2013/11/silk-road/
  • ZETZSCHE, D. A., BUCKLEY, R. P., ARNER, D. W., DİDENKO, A., VAN ROMBURG, L., (2020) Sovereign Digital Currencies: The Future of Money and Payments? (October 19,). University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 2020/053, Available at SSRN: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3714386
  • ZHOU S., HASU, (2019) Bitcoin is a hedge against the cashless society, https:// uncommoncore.co/bitcoin-is-a-hedge-against-the-cashless-society/
Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 593 - 611, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.29106/fesa.954589

Abstract

References

  • ABD-KONGRESİ, (2018) Regulation of Cryptocurrency Around the World, The Law Library of Congress, Global Legal Research Center, https://www.loc.gov/law/help/cryptocurrency/cryptocurrency-world-survey.pdf
  • AL-MOHAMADİ R., (2020) Digital Currencies, Challenges and Opportunities, International Journal of Engineering Research And Management (IJERM) ISSN: 2349- 2058, Volume-07, Issue-01, January, https://t.ly/ChdY ANAND, N., (2019), The Indian government is worried that cryptocurrencies may destabilise the rupee, Quartz India, https://qz.com/india/1539944/india-fears-that-bitcoin-other-cryptocurrencies-may-hurt-rupee/
  • BAMBYSHEVA, N., (2021) The Future Of Crypto And Blockchain: Fintech 50 2021, Forbes, https://www.forbes.com/sites/ninabambysheva/2021/06/08/the-future-of-crypto-and-blockchain-fintech-50-2021/?sh=70e179c353b1
  • BLOOMBERG, (2018) Governments Might Start Issuing Their Own Cryptocurrencies, Furtune Magazine, https://fortune.com/2018/02/13/governments-virtual-currency/
  • BLOOMBERG (2021) China Says It Has No Desire to Replace Dollar With Digital Yuan, https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/china-says-no-desire-replace-151910194.html?guccounter=1
  • BOAR, C., HOLDEN H., WADSWORTH A., (2020) Impending arrival – a sequel to the survey on central bank digital currency, BIS Papers No 107, https://www.bis.org/publ/bppdf/bispap107.pdf
  • BOSSET P. T., (2017), It’s Official: North Korea Is Behind WannaCry, Opınıon Commentary, https://www.wsj.com/articles/its-official-north-korea-is-behind-wannacry-1513642537
  • BOZOĞLU, T . (2018). Teknoloji, Yönetim ve Mekân: Gözetim, Denetim, Mahremiyet ve Mekânsal Yapılandırmayla Pratiklerinin Kurumsallaşması. Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3 (3), 259-288. DOI: 10.30784/epfad.435157
  • BROWNE, R, (2021) Facebook-backed Diem aims to launch digital currency pilot later this year, CNBC, https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/20/facebook-backed-diem-aims-to-launch-digital-currency-pilot-in-2021.html
  • BUCHHOLZ K., (2020) How Common is Crypto? 10 Ağustos, Statista, https://www. statista.com/chart/18345/crypto-currency-adoption/
  • COOK, R. J., (2014) Bitcoins: Technological innovation or Emerging Threat?´ The John Marshall Journal of Information Technology and Privacy Law. Volume 30(3) 535.
  • CAUDEVİLLA O., (2021) South Korea's and Japan's Central Banks will start testing their CBDCs in 2021, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344752212_South_Korea's_and_Japan's_Central_Banks_will_start_testing_their_CBDCs_in_2021
  • DAUGHTRY, G. (2021) The Ideological Origins of Bitcoin, Foundation for Economic Education, https://fee.org/articles/the-ideological-origins-of-bitcoin/
  • DEPARTMENT OF JUSTİCE, (2018). North Korean Regime-Backed Programmer Charged With Conspiracy to Conduct Multiple Cyber Attacks and Intrusions, Justıce News, https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/north-korean-regime-backed-programmer-charged-conspiracy-conduct-multiple-cyber-attacks-and
  • DOMAİN, C., (2018) A North Korean Monero Cryptocurrency Miner, Alien Labs, https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/a-north-korean-monero-cryptocurrency-miner
  • DRAKE, E., (2021) ECB chief: Digital euro could take 4 years, https://coingeek.com/ecb-chief-digital-euro-could-take-4-years/
  • ECB, (2012), Virtual Currency Schemes, October 2012, https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/ virtualcurrencyschemes201210en.pdf ,
  • FAULKNER J., Getting started with Cryptography in .NET, Munchen BookRix, 2016, 6.
  • FEUER A., (2013) The Bitcoin Ideology, Nytimes, https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/sunday-review/the-bitcoin-ideology.html
  • FİDAN, N . (2020). Dört Büyük Kriptoparanın Piyasa Riskinde Covid-19 Pandemi Etkisi. Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, Covid-19: Ekonomik, Politik ve Finansal Etkileri, 206-224. DOI: 10.30784/epfad.811219
  • FİRTH, D. (2018) Teaching Blockchain in the MIS Curriculum, University of Montana, https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2018/TREOsPDS/Presentations/39/
  • GRAHAM, L., (2017) As China cracks down, Japan is fast becoming the powerhouse of the bitcoin market, CNBC, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/29/bitcoin-exchanges-officially-recognized-by-japan.html
  • GRİFFOLİ T. M. Et al. (2018) Casting Light on Central Bank Digital Currencies, IMF STAFF DISCUSSION NOTES, https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Staff-Discussion-Notes/Issues/2018/11/13/Casting-Light-on-Central-Bank-Digital-Currencies-46233
  • GÜRBÜZ, M , ZEREN, F . (2021). Bıtcoın İle Avro Ve Dolar Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6 (1) , 58-66 . DOI: 10.29106/fesa.830654
  • HAYES A., (2019) Two sides of the coin: the bifurcated near-future of Money, Bitmex, https://blog.bitmex.com/two-sides-of-the-coin-the-bifurcated-near-future-of-money/
  • HOUBEN R., "Bitcoin: there two sides to every coin", ICCLR, Vol. 26, Issue 5, 2015, 195.
  • IMF (2016 ) “Virtual Currencies and Beyond: Initial Considerations”, Staff Discussion Note, January, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2016/sdn1603.pdf
  • JAMES, A., (2018) Will Cryptocurrency Replace National Currencies By 2030?, Bitcoinist, https://bitcoinist.com/will-cryptocurrency-replace-national-currencies-by-2030/
  • JAN, Z. S. (2019) (CoinDesk) Bitwage Now Lets Firms Pay Salaried Staff in Crypto, Bitwage, https://blog.bitwage.com/2019/01/16/coin/
  • KRYGİER, R., (2018) Venezuela launches the ‘petro,’ its cryptocurrency, WorldViews, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/02/20/venezuela-launches-the-petro-its-cryptocurrency/
  • LEDGERİNSİGHT, (2020) Six central banks collaborate on central bank digital currencies, https://www.ledgerinsights.com/six-central-banks-central-bank-digital-currencies-cbdc/
  • MCELROY W., (2020) The Narrative and Philosophy of Cryptocurrency, Şubat 4, https://news.bitcoin.com/the-narrative-and-philosophy/
  • NARAYANAN, H. (2020). Is Future A Rule Of Dıgıtal Currency?. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH, 8(8), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i8.2020.935
  • NATARAJAN H., KRAUSE S., and GRADSTEIN H., (Dünya Bankası Grubu), (2017) “Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and blockchain”, FinTech note, no. 1. Washington, D.C., http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/177911513714062215/pdf/122140-WP-PUBLIC-DistributedLedger-Technology-and-Blockchain-Fintech-Notes.pdf
  • NİSHİBE, M. (2020). The present and future of digital-community currencies: RAMICS 2019 in Hida–Takayama keynote speech. Evolut Inst Econ Rev 17, 327–343 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40844-020-00177-y
  • ÖGET, E , KANAT, E . (2018). Bıtcoin İle Türkiye Ve G7 Ülke Borsaları Arasındaki Uzun Ve Kısa Dönemli İlişkilerin İncelenmesi, Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3 (3) 601-614. DOI: 10.29106/fesa.422113
  • PANDA A., (2018) Cryptocurrencies and National Security, Council of Foreign Relations, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/cryptocurrencies-and-national-security
  • RİSKBANK, (2021) The e-krona – digital state Money, https://www.riksbank.se/en-gb/payments--cash/e-krona/
  • ROBİNSON T., (2018) Bitcoin Blockchain Analysis & DOJ Indictment of Russian Hackers, https://www.elliptic.co/blog/doj-indictment-russian-hackers-blockchain-analysis
  • ROBİNSON T., (2019) The Implications of Cryptocurrency Exploitation by Nation-States, https://www.elliptic.co/blog/cryptocurrency-exploitation-nation-states
  • RODECK D., Jury B., (2021) Digital Currency: The Future Of Your Money, Forbes Magazine, https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/digital-currency/
  • RUİK, C., (2021) CryptoCore Criminal Group Has Been Targeting Cryptocurrency Exchanges for 3 Years, Cyclonis, https://www.cyclonis.com/cryptocore-criminal-group-targeting-cryptocurrency-exchanges-3-years/
  • SZCZEPANSKİ K., (2019) The Invention of Paper Money, ThoughtCO, https://t.ly/Wq1w
  • SUSTER M., (2020) New and Better Money- Future Digital Currencies, G20 Digest Vol. 2, Special Issue, pp 1-21, October, Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS). http://www.ris.org.in/sites/default/files/Martin%20Suster_1.pdf
  • ULBRİCHT, R. (2019) Bitcoin Equals Freedom, https://nakamotoinstitute.org/mempool/bitcoin-equals-freedom/
  • WYOMİNG, (2019) SF0125- Digital assets-existing law, https://www.wyoleg.gov/Legislation/2019/ SF0125
  • ZETTER, K., (2013) How the Feds Took Down the Silk Road Drug Wonderland, SECURITY, https://www.wired.com/2013/11/silk-road/
  • ZETZSCHE, D. A., BUCKLEY, R. P., ARNER, D. W., DİDENKO, A., VAN ROMBURG, L., (2020) Sovereign Digital Currencies: The Future of Money and Payments? (October 19,). University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 2020/053, Available at SSRN: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3714386
  • ZHOU S., HASU, (2019) Bitcoin is a hedge against the cashless society, https:// uncommoncore.co/bitcoin-is-a-hedge-against-the-cashless-society/
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Ahmet Efe 0000-0002-2691-7517

Early Pub Date December 31, 2021
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date June 19, 2021
Acceptance Date October 2, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Efe, A. (2021). KRİPTO PARANIN SİYASET VE EKONOMİ FELSEFESİYLE YORUMLANMASI: HÜKÜMRAN KUDRETİN SENYORAJ HAKKININ İHLALİ BAĞLAMINDA BİR TARTIŞMA. Finans Ekonomi Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(4), 593-611. https://doi.org/10.29106/fesa.954589