OKUL ÖNCESİ ÖĞRETMENLERİ İÇİN ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK RİSKLİ OYUN DEĞERLENDİRME ARACI -ÖĞRETMEN FORMUNUN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ
Year 2020,
Volume: 30 Issue: 2, 247 - 258, 03.09.2020
Nezehat Hamiden Karaca
,
Halil Uzun
Abstract
Bu çalışmada okul öncesi öğretmenleri için Erken Çocukluk Riskli Oyun Değerlendirme Aracı-Öğretmen Formu’nun (EÇRODA-ÖF) geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç çerçevesinde 2019-2020 eğitim- öğretim yılında Türkiye’de Afyonkarahisar il merkezinde bulunan Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı ilkokulların anasınıfları ve bağımsız anaokullarında görev yapan 381 okul öncesi öğretmeni çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. EÇRODA-ÖF geliştirilebilmesi için öncelikle literatür taraması yapılmış beşli likert tipine sahip 44 maddeden oluşan madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Maddelerin yer aldığı form okul öncesi eğitimi ve çocuk gelişimi alanında uzman beş akademisyen, bir ölçme ve değerlendirme uzmanı ve beş öğretmen olmak üzere on bir uzmanın görüşüne sunulmuş ve ölçeğe son hali verilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS ve AMOS programları kullanılmış, doğrulayıcı ve açımlayıcı faktör analizi ve ölçeğin tamamı ve alt boyutları için iç tutarlılık katsayısı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucu elde edilen değerler ölçme aracının güvenilir olduğu ve kabul edilebilir psikometrik özelliklere sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.
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Physical activity in child-care centers: do teachers hold the key to the playground? Health education research, 27(1), 81-100.
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Retrieved from http://www.playengland.org.uk/media/371031/a-world-without-playliterature-review-2012.pdf
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- Greatorex, P. (2008). Risk and play: Play providers’ experience and views on adventurous play. Retrieved from http://www.playday.org.uk/media/2670/risk_and_play___play_providers%E2%80%99_experience_and_views_on_adventurous_play.pdf
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- Güler,B.İ. & Demir, E.(2016). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin riskli oyunlara yönelik görüş ve algıları. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi , 17(2), 97-116
- Hännikainen, M., Singer, E., & Van Oers, B. (2013). Promoting play for a better future.European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 21(2), 165-171. doi:10.1080/1350293X.2013.789192
- Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. (17. Baskı). İzmir: Nobel Yayınevi.
- Kin, T. M., Karen, O. A., Nordin, M. S., & Bing, K. W. (2014). Teacher change beliefs: validating a scale with structural equation modelling. School Leadership & Management, 2014, 1-34.
- Kinoshita, I. (2009). Charting generational differences in conceptions and opportunities for play in a Japanese neighborhood. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 7, 53–77. doi:10.1080/ 15350770802629024
- Knight, S (2012). Why Adventure and Why Risk in the Early Years? Childlinks, 3, 15-18.
- Lester, S., &W. Russell. (2008). Play for a change. Play, policy and practice: A review of contemporary perspectives, http://www.playengland.org.uk/Page.asp
- Lillemyr, O. F., S. Dockett, and B. Perry. (2013) “Play and learning in early years education: ınternational perspectives.” ın varied perspectives on play and learning: theory and research on early years education, edit.by O. F. Lillemyr, S. Dockett, and B. Perry, 1–8. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
- Little, H. (2006) Children’s Risk-Taking Behaviour: implications for early childhood policy and practice, International Journal of Early Years Education, 14(2), 141-154.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669760600661427
- Little, H., & Wyver, S. (2008). Outdoor play: Does avoiding the risks reduce the benefits?. Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 33(2), 33.
- Little, H., & Eager, D. (2010). Risk, challenge and safety: Implications for play quality and playground design. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 18(4), 497-513.
- Logue, M. E. & Harvey, H. (2009). Preschool teachers’ view of active play. Journal of Research
in Childhood Education, 1, 32-49.
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- Moralı, D. İ. (2019). Anaokullarında sunulan riskli oyun fırsatlarının fiziksel özellikler ve yetişkin yaklaşımları bağlamında incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Denizli.
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- Orestes,L. A. (2015). The benefits of risky play and adult ınfluence in children’s risky play. Master of Education. In the Area of Early Childhood Education Department of Curriculum and Instruction Victoria Universty, Avusturalia.
- Pellegrini, A.D. & Bjorklund, D.F. (2004) The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Children’s Object and Fantasy Play, Human Nature, 15(1), 23-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-004-1002-z
- Sandseter, E. B. H. (2007a). Categorising risky play - How can we identify risk-taking in children’s play? European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 15, 237–252.
- Sandseter, E. B. H. (2007b). Risky play among four- and five-year-old children in preschool. In O'Brien, S., Cassidy, P., and Shonfeld, H. (Eds.), Vision into practice: Making quality a reality in the lives of young children (pp. 248–256). Dublin: CECDE
- Sandseter, E. B. H. (2009) Characteristics of risky play. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 9, 3–21.
- Sandseter, E.B.H. (2010) Scaryfunny. A qualitative study of risky play among preschool children. PhD thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Sandseter, E. B. H., & Kennair, L. E. O. (2011). Children's risky play from an evolutionary perspective: The anti-phobic effects of thrilling experiences. Evolutionary Psychology, 9(2), 257-284.
- Sandseter, E.B.H. (2012) Restrictive Safety or Unsafe Freedom? Norwegian ECEC Practitioners' Perceptions and Practices Concerning Children's Risky Play, Childcare in Practice, 8(1), 83–101
- Stephenson, A. (2003). Physical Risk-Taking: Dangerous or Endangered?. Early Years 23 (1),35–43.
- Tavşancıl, E. (2006). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve spss ile veri analizi. Ankara:Nobel Yayın Dağıtım..
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- Thorndike, R.M. & Thorndike-Christ, T. (2009). Measurement and evaluation in psychology and education. Prentice Hall Publications.
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- Tranter, P. & Pawson, E. (2001). Children’s access to local environments: A case study of Christchurch, New Zealand. Local Environment, 6(1), 27–48. doi:10.1080/13549830120024233
- Ungar, M. (2009) Overprotective parenting: helping parents providechildren the right amount of risk and responsibility. American Journal of Family Therapy, 37, 258–271.
- Ünüvar,P. & Kanyılmaz,E.S. (2017). 4-6 yaş çocukları için riskli oyunlara izin verme ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(22),510-523
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Year 2020,
Volume: 30 Issue: 2, 247 - 258, 03.09.2020
Nezehat Hamiden Karaca
,
Halil Uzun
References
- Adams, J. (2001). Risk. London: Routledge
- Alat, Z., Akgümüş, Ö. ve Cavalı, D. (2012). Okul öncesi eğitimde açık hava etkinliklerine yönelik öğretmen görüş ve uygulamaları. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(3), 47-62.
- Alpar, R. (2012). Uygulamalı istatistik ve geçerlik-güvenirlik. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
- Ball, D. J. (2002). Playgrounds—risks, benefits and choices. London: Health & Safety Executive (HSE) contract research report, Middlesex University.
- Ball, D. J., Gill, T., & Spiegal, B. (2008). Managing risk in play provision: implementation guide. The Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) and the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS).
- Bjorklund, D.F. & Pellegrini, A.D. (2002) The Origins of Human Nature: evolutionary developmental psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00258
- Brown, F. (2003). Playwork - theory and practice (1st ed.). Buckingham: Open University Press.
- Brussoni, M., Ishikawa, T., Han, C., Pike, I., Bundy, A., Faulkner, G., & Mâsse, L. (2018). Go play outside! Effects of a risk-reframing tool on mothers’ tolerance for, and parenting practices associated with, children’s risky play: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 19(1),173.
- Bundy, A. C., Luckett, T., Tranter, P. J., Naughton, G. A., Wyver, S. R., Ragen, J., et al. (2009). The risk is that there is ‘no risk’: a simple, innovative intervention to increase children’s activity levels. International Journal of Early Years Education, 17(1), 33-45.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2006). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. PegemA Yayınları, Ankara.
- Cevher-Kalburan, N. (2014). Early childhood pre-service teachers’ concerns and solutions to overcome them (the case of Pamukkale University). South African Journal of Education, 34(1), 1–18.
- Cevher-Kalburan, N., & Ivrendi, A. (2016). Risky play and parenting styles. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(2), 355-366
- Copeland, K. A., Kendeigh, C. A., Saelens, B. E. , Kalkwarf, H. J., & Sherman, S. N. (2012).
Physical activity in child-care centers: do teachers hold the key to the playground? Health education research, 27(1), 81-100.
- Çocuk Hakları Komitesi (2013). Çocuğun dinlenme, kendine ait zamanı değerlendirme, oyun, eğlence,
kültürel ve sanatsal etkinliklere katılma (Madde, 31) ilişkin genel yorum. Birleşmiş Milletler
- Çocuk Haklarına Dair Sözleşme. http://www.kdkcocuk.gov.tr/contents/files/YasalDuzenlemeler/BM_cocuk_Haklari_Komites
i_Genel_Yorumlari_(17).pdf
- Çokluk, Ö.; Şekercioğlu, G.ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik spss ve lirsel uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Akademi yayınları.
- Dweck, C. (2000). Self-Theories: their role in motivation, personality, and development. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
- Eager, D., & Little, H. (2011). Risk deficit disorder. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/1479794/Risk_deficit_disorder.
- Erkorkmaz, Ü., Etikan, İ., Demir, O., Özdamar, K., & Sanisoğlu, S. Y. (2013). Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve uyum indeksleri. Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 33(1),210-223.
- Field, A. (2000). Discovering statistic using SPSS for Windows. London: Thousand Oak New Delhi:Sage Publications.
- Fiskum, T. (2004). Effekt av barnehagemiljø på motorisk og spatial kompetanse hos barn. En tverrsnittstudie av den motoriske og spatiale kompetansen hos barn i en friluftsbarnehage og barn i en tradisjonell barnehage [The effect of kindergarten’s environment on children’s motor and spatial competence] (Master thesis). Nord-Trøndelag University College, Norway, Levanger.
- Fjørtoft, I. (2000). Landscape and playscape. Learning effects from playing in a natural environment on motor development in children (Doctoral thesis). Norwegian School of Sport Science, Norway, Oslo.
- Gleave, J., & Cole-Hamilton, I. (2012). A world without play: A literature review.
Retrieved from http://www.playengland.org.uk/media/371031/a-world-without-playliterature-review-2012.pdf
- Gray, P. (2013). Free to learn: Why unleashing the instinct to play will make our children happier, more self-reliant, and beter students for life. New York: Basic Books.
- Greatorex, P. (2008). Risk and play: Play providers’ experience and views on adventurous play. Retrieved from http://www.playday.org.uk/media/2670/risk_and_play___play_providers%E2%80%99_experience_and_views_on_adventurous_play.pdf
- Greenfield, C. (2004). ‘Can run, play on bikes, jump the zoom slide, and play on the swings’: Exploring the value of outdoor play. Australian Journal of Early Childhood 29(2), 1–5.
- Gill, T. (2007). No fear: growing up in a risk averse society. Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, London.
- Gill, T. (2010). Putting risk in perspectives. Early Years Update. Retrieved from http://www. teachingexpertise.com/articles/putting-risk-perspective-10522
- Güler,B.İ. & Demir, E.(2016). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin riskli oyunlara yönelik görüş ve algıları. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi , 17(2), 97-116
- Hännikainen, M., Singer, E., & Van Oers, B. (2013). Promoting play for a better future.European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 21(2), 165-171. doi:10.1080/1350293X.2013.789192
- Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. (17. Baskı). İzmir: Nobel Yayınevi.
- Kin, T. M., Karen, O. A., Nordin, M. S., & Bing, K. W. (2014). Teacher change beliefs: validating a scale with structural equation modelling. School Leadership & Management, 2014, 1-34.
- Kinoshita, I. (2009). Charting generational differences in conceptions and opportunities for play in a Japanese neighborhood. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 7, 53–77. doi:10.1080/ 15350770802629024
- Knight, S (2012). Why Adventure and Why Risk in the Early Years? Childlinks, 3, 15-18.
- Lester, S., &W. Russell. (2008). Play for a change. Play, policy and practice: A review of contemporary perspectives, http://www.playengland.org.uk/Page.asp
- Lillemyr, O. F., S. Dockett, and B. Perry. (2013) “Play and learning in early years education: ınternational perspectives.” ın varied perspectives on play and learning: theory and research on early years education, edit.by O. F. Lillemyr, S. Dockett, and B. Perry, 1–8. Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
- Little, H. (2006) Children’s Risk-Taking Behaviour: implications for early childhood policy and practice, International Journal of Early Years Education, 14(2), 141-154.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669760600661427
- Little, H., & Wyver, S. (2008). Outdoor play: Does avoiding the risks reduce the benefits?. Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 33(2), 33.
- Little, H., & Eager, D. (2010). Risk, challenge and safety: Implications for play quality and playground design. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 18(4), 497-513.
- Logue, M. E. & Harvey, H. (2009). Preschool teachers’ view of active play. Journal of Research
in Childhood Education, 1, 32-49.
- Louv,R. (2008). Last child in the woods. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books
- MacDougall, C., Schiller,W. & Darbyshire,P. (2009). What are our boundaries and where can we play? Perspectives from eight- to ten-year old Australian metropolitan and rural children. Early Child Development and Care 179(2), 189–204.
- Madge, N. & Barker,J. (2007). Risk and childhood. London: risk commission: royal society for the encouragement of arts, manufactures & commerce (RSA), http:// www.rsariskcommission.org/blog/default.aspa?PageId=650
- Meire, J. (2013). Over vrijbuiters en ankertijd: De tijdsbeleving van kinderen onderzocht [About freebooters and anchortime: Exploring time perception of children]. Brussel: Kind en Samenleving
- Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (2013). Okul öncesi eğitim programı. Ankara: MEB Yayınları.
- Moralı, D. İ. (2019). Anaokullarında sunulan riskli oyun fırsatlarının fiziksel özellikler ve yetişkin yaklaşımları bağlamında incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Denizli.
- Niehues, A. N., Bundy, A., Broom, A., Tranter, P., Ragen, J. & Engelen, L. (2013). Everyday uncertainties: reframing perceptions of risk in outdoor free play. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning. 13(3), 223-237.
- Orestes,L. A. (2015). The benefits of risky play and adult ınfluence in children’s risky play. Master of Education. In the Area of Early Childhood Education Department of Curriculum and Instruction Victoria Universty, Avusturalia.
- Pellegrini, A.D. & Bjorklund, D.F. (2004) The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Children’s Object and Fantasy Play, Human Nature, 15(1), 23-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12110-004-1002-z
- Sandseter, E. B. H. (2007a). Categorising risky play - How can we identify risk-taking in children’s play? European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 15, 237–252.
- Sandseter, E. B. H. (2007b). Risky play among four- and five-year-old children in preschool. In O'Brien, S., Cassidy, P., and Shonfeld, H. (Eds.), Vision into practice: Making quality a reality in the lives of young children (pp. 248–256). Dublin: CECDE
- Sandseter, E. B. H. (2009) Characteristics of risky play. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 9, 3–21.
- Sandseter, E.B.H. (2010) Scaryfunny. A qualitative study of risky play among preschool children. PhD thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Sandseter, E. B. H., & Kennair, L. E. O. (2011). Children's risky play from an evolutionary perspective: The anti-phobic effects of thrilling experiences. Evolutionary Psychology, 9(2), 257-284.
- Sandseter, E.B.H. (2012) Restrictive Safety or Unsafe Freedom? Norwegian ECEC Practitioners' Perceptions and Practices Concerning Children's Risky Play, Childcare in Practice, 8(1), 83–101
- Stephenson, A. (2003). Physical Risk-Taking: Dangerous or Endangered?. Early Years 23 (1),35–43.
- Tavşancıl, E. (2006). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve spss ile veri analizi. Ankara:Nobel Yayın Dağıtım..
- Tovey, H. (2007). Playing outdoors: spaces and places, risk and challenge. Maidenhead: Open University Press
- Thorndike, R.M. & Thorndike-Christ, T. (2009). Measurement and evaluation in psychology and education. Prentice Hall Publications.
- Tezbaşaran A. (1996). Likert tipi ölçek geliştirme kılavuzu. Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları, Ankara
- Tranter, P. & Pawson, E. (2001). Children’s access to local environments: A case study of Christchurch, New Zealand. Local Environment, 6(1), 27–48. doi:10.1080/13549830120024233
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