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İMGEDEN GERÇEĞE, SİNEMADA METAVERSE

Year 2024, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 993 - 1003, 29.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.1373685

Abstract

Metaverse, Türkçe bir ifadeyle “öteevren” son yılların en popüler kavramlarından biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Kavramın bu kadar popüler olmasının temelinde, teori ve uygulamada hızla gelişen ve sınırları henüz tam olarak netleştirilemeyen bir alan olarak, teknolojik bir dönüşüm vaadinde bulunan fütüristik bir dünyayı tanımlaması yer almaktadır. Teknolojiye dayalı bu yeni evrenin bileşenleri her ne kadar insanlık için yeni bir alan gibi görülse de bilim kurgu etiketiyle Hollywood sinemasının uzun süredir öteevrenler ile bağlantılı konuları işlediği bilinmektedir. Çalışma, bu bağlamda metaverse kavramına kültür endüstrisi ve Hollywood sinemasının, teknolojinin inşasındaki rolü ekseninde yaklaşmaktadır. Bu noktada tarihsel süreçte Hollywood sinemasının nasıl bir “metaverse” tasarladığı; nasıl sunduğu, metaverse’ün sinemada nasıl temsil edildiği, sinematik anlatım yoluyla nasıl bir metaverse hayali-yaklaşımı ortaya konulduğu başlıkları üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu amaçla sinema literatürü detaylı bir şekilde taranmış; metaverse ile ilintili kavramları (VR, AR, AI vb.) barındıran 16 film tespit edilmiştir. Bu filmlerde, öncelikle metaverse ile bağlantılı teknolojinin erken ve yakın dönemde sinemaya nasıl yansıtıldığı araştırılmıştır. İkinci aşamada bilim kurgu eksenli sinema anlatısı ve günümüz metaverse olgusu arasında bağ kurulmaya çalışılmıştır. İncelenen filmlerde metaverse kavramının henüz teknolojik olarak görünür olmadığı dönemlerde, sinema yoluyla temel bir metaverse algısının oluşturulduğu, bir metaverse çerçevesi çizildiği, gelecekçi yaklaşımlarla teknolojik bir perspektif oluşturulduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

References

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  • Balkaran, L. (2021). 20 Technologies That Will Change Everything in 2021 and Beyond.
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  • Demir, M., & Tokgöz, E. (2022). Snow Crash’ten Meta’ya, Metaverse’ün Kavramsal ve Teknolojik Gelişimi. İçinde İletişim ve Medya Alanında Uluslararası Araştırmalar IV iç,inde (ss. 69-92). İstanbul: Eğitim Yayınevi (ss. 66-92).
  • Griffin, A. (2023, Temmuz 28). Metaverse, Mark Zuckerberg’e 40 milyar dolar kaybettirdi. Independent Türkçe. https://www.indyturk.com/node/650971/ekonomi%CC%87/metaverse-mark-zuckerberge-40-milyar-dolar-kaybettirdi
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  • Lee, L.-H., Braud, T., Zhou, P., Wang, L., Xu, D., Lin, Z., Kumar, A., Bermejo, C., & Hui, P. (2021, Ekim 6). All One Needs to Know about Metaverse: A Complete Survey on Technological Singularity, Virtual Ecosystem, and Research Agenda. arXiv.Org. https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.05352v3
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  • Lisberger, S. (Direktör). (1982, Temmuz 9). Tron [Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi]. Walt Disney Productions, Lisberger/Kushner.
  • Mann, F. (Direktör). (1995). Lawnmower Man 2: Beyond Cyberspace [Action, Sci-Fi, Thriller]. New Line Cinema, Allied Entertainments Group PLC, Fuji Eight Company Ltd.
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  • Novikov, D. A. (2016). Cybernetics (C. 47). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27397-6
  • Oshii, M. (Direktör). (1995). Ghost in the Shell [Animation, Action, Crime]. Kôdansha, Bandai Visual Company, Manga Entertainment.
  • Pogue, D. (2017). How Good Is Star Trek ’s Record at Predicting the Future of Tech? Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-good-is-star-treks-record-at-predicting-the-future-of-tech/
  • Pogue, D. (2018). How Well Do Movies Predict Our Tech Future? Scientific American. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0118-23
  • Reutemann, J. (2018, Eylül 18). Embracing Robots – How robot stories shape visions of technology | Jeanine Reutemann | TEDxLausanne. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0-fOnOWi_0
  • Rusnak, J. (Direktör). (1999, Mayıs 28). The Thirteenth Floor [Mystery, Sci-Fi, Thriller]. Columbia Pictures, Centropolis Film Productions.
  • Spielberg, S. (Direktör). (2002, Eylül 27). Minority Report [Action, Crime, Mystery]. Twentieth Century Fox, Dreamworks Pictures, Cruise/Wagner Productions.
  • Spielberg, S. (Direktör). (2018, Mart 30). Ready Player One [Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi]. Warner Bros., Amblin Entertainment, Village Roadshow Pictures.
  • Star Trek. (1966, 1967). [Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi]. Desilu Productions, Norway Corporation, Paramount Television.
  • Stephenson, N. (2000). Snow Crash.
  • Stephenson, N. (2016). Parazit (S. Hacıoğlu, Çev.). Altıkırkbeş Yayınları.
  • Wachowski, L., & Wachowski, L. (Direktörler). (1999). Matrix (1999)—IMDb. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0133093/
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2021). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldız, S. K., & Bozkurt, G. (2023). Sanal Gerçekliğin Yeni Anakarası: Metaverse. TRT Akademi, 8(17), 268-293. https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1203353

From Image to Reality, Metaverse in Cinema

Year 2024, Volume: 34 Issue: 2, 993 - 1003, 29.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.1373685

Abstract

The metaverse is one of the most popular concepts of recent years. The reason the concept is so popular is because it defines a futuristic world that promises great technological change. Although the components of this new technology-based universe seem to be a new field for humanity, it is well known that Hollywood cinema has long explored themes related to other universes. This study approaches the concept of the metaverse along the axis of the role of the culture industry and Hollywood cinema in the construction of technology. The study focuses on how the metaverse is represented in cinema and what kind of metaverse conception is conveyed. To this end, the film literature was scanned and sixteen films were identified. The films were examined to see how the technology associated with the metaverse is reflected in cinema. An attempt was also made to establish a link between the science fiction-oriented cinematic narrative and the contemporary metaverse phenomenon. It was concluded that in times when the concept of the metaverse was not yet technologically visible, a basic metaverse perception was created through cinema, a metaverse frame was drawn and a technological perspective was created with futuristic approaches.

References

  • Altered Carbon. (2018). [Action, Drama, Sci-Fi]. Mythology Entertainment, Skydance Television.
  • Balkaran, L. (2021). 20 Technologies That Will Change Everything in 2021 and Beyond.
  • Baudrillard, J. (2003). Simülakrlar ve Simülasyon (O. Adanır, Çev.).
  • Benson, M. (2019, Temmuz 20). Opinion | Science Fiction Sent Man to the Moon. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/20/opinion/sunday/moon-rockets-space-fiction.html
  • Bostrom, N. (2003). Are You Living in a Computer Simulation? Philosophical Quarterly, 53(211), 243-255.
  • Brett, L. (Direktör). (1995). Virtuosity (1995)—IMDb. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0114857/
  • Britannica. (2023). Cyberpunk | Neo-noir, Sci-Fi, Dystopia | Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/art/cyberpunk
  • Clegg, N. (2023, Eylül 12). Metaverse Technologies Are Creating New Opportunities for Teachers to Inspire
  • Students. Meta. https://about.fb.com/news/2023/09/metaverse-technologies-education-opportunities/ Cline, E. (2011). Ready Player One by Ernest Cline: 9780307887443 | PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books.
  • https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/209887/ready-player-one-by-ernest-cline/9780307887436
  • Conard, M. T. (2007). The Philosophy of Neo-Noir. The University Press of Kentucky. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/185/monograph/book/3523
  • Coogan, R. (2022, Kasım 6). Ryan Coogan | Metaverse neden Mark Zuckerberg’ün çöküşü olacak? Independent Türkçe. https://www.indyturk.com/node/572856/yazarlar/metaverse-neden-mark-zuckerberg%C3%BCn-%C3%A7%C3%B6k%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC-olacak
  • Demir, M., & Tokgöz, E. (2022). Snow Crash’ten Meta’ya, Metaverse’ün Kavramsal ve Teknolojik Gelişimi. İçinde İletişim ve Medya Alanında Uluslararası Araştırmalar IV iç,inde (ss. 69-92). İstanbul: Eğitim Yayınevi (ss. 66-92).
  • Griffin, A. (2023, Temmuz 28). Metaverse, Mark Zuckerberg’e 40 milyar dolar kaybettirdi. Independent Türkçe. https://www.indyturk.com/node/650971/ekonomi%CC%87/metaverse-mark-zuckerberge-40-milyar-dolar-kaybettirdi
  • King, S. (2011). Night Shift (Reissue edition). Anchor.
  • Lee, L.-H., Braud, T., Zhou, P., Wang, L., Xu, D., Lin, Z., Kumar, A., Bermejo, C., & Hui, P. (2021, Ekim 6). All One Needs to Know about Metaverse: A Complete Survey on Technological Singularity, Virtual Ecosystem, and Research Agenda. arXiv.Org. https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.05352v3
  • Leonard, B. (Direktör). (1992). The Lawnmower Man. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0104692/
  • Levinson, B. (Direktör). (1994). Disclosure [Drama, Thriller]. Warner Bros., Baltimore Pictures, Constant c Productions.
  • Lisberger, S. (Direktör). (1982, Temmuz 9). Tron [Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi]. Walt Disney Productions, Lisberger/Kushner.
  • Mann, F. (Direktör). (1995). Lawnmower Man 2: Beyond Cyberspace [Action, Sci-Fi, Thriller]. New Line Cinema, Allied Entertainments Group PLC, Fuji Eight Company Ltd.
  • Matuszak, J. (2023, Haziran 26). Top 10 Technologies from Science Fiction That Are Already Here. KnowHow. https://knowhow.distrelec.com/automation/10-technologies-from-science-fiction-that-are-already-here/
  • Maynard, A. (2021). Films from the Future: The Technology and Morality of Sci-Fi Movies (Unabridged edition). Tantor and Blackstone Publishing.
  • Mostow, J. (Direktör). (2009). Surrogates. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0986263/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0_tt_8_nm_0_q_surr
  • Mystakidis, S. (2022). Metaverse. Encyclopedia, 2, 486-497. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2010031
  • Novikov, D. A. (2016). Cybernetics (C. 47). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27397-6
  • Oshii, M. (Direktör). (1995). Ghost in the Shell [Animation, Action, Crime]. Kôdansha, Bandai Visual Company, Manga Entertainment.
  • Pogue, D. (2017). How Good Is Star Trek ’s Record at Predicting the Future of Tech? Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-good-is-star-treks-record-at-predicting-the-future-of-tech/
  • Pogue, D. (2018). How Well Do Movies Predict Our Tech Future? Scientific American. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0118-23
  • Reutemann, J. (2018, Eylül 18). Embracing Robots – How robot stories shape visions of technology | Jeanine Reutemann | TEDxLausanne. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0-fOnOWi_0
  • Rusnak, J. (Direktör). (1999, Mayıs 28). The Thirteenth Floor [Mystery, Sci-Fi, Thriller]. Columbia Pictures, Centropolis Film Productions.
  • Spielberg, S. (Direktör). (2002, Eylül 27). Minority Report [Action, Crime, Mystery]. Twentieth Century Fox, Dreamworks Pictures, Cruise/Wagner Productions.
  • Spielberg, S. (Direktör). (2018, Mart 30). Ready Player One [Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi]. Warner Bros., Amblin Entertainment, Village Roadshow Pictures.
  • Star Trek. (1966, 1967). [Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi]. Desilu Productions, Norway Corporation, Paramount Television.
  • Stephenson, N. (2000). Snow Crash.
  • Stephenson, N. (2016). Parazit (S. Hacıoğlu, Çev.). Altıkırkbeş Yayınları.
  • Wachowski, L., & Wachowski, L. (Direktörler). (1999). Matrix (1999)—IMDb. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0133093/
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2021). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldız, S. K., & Bozkurt, G. (2023). Sanal Gerçekliğin Yeni Anakarası: Metaverse. TRT Akademi, 8(17), 268-293. https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1203353
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Artificial Reality, Artificial Intelligence (Other)
Journal Section Issue
Authors

Mustafa Demir 0000-0001-5820-8267

Publication Date May 29, 2024
Submission Date October 10, 2023
Acceptance Date May 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 34 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Demir, M. (2024). İMGEDEN GERÇEĞE, SİNEMADA METAVERSE. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 34(2), 993-1003. https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.1373685