ORGANİZMANIN BİREYLEŞİMİNDE SELF-ORGANİZASYONUN ROLÜ

Öz

Düzenlilik arz eden süreçlerin ve örüntülerin, belirleyici bir kalıp veya dışarıdan bir müdahale olmaksızın çok sayıdaki bileşen arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkilere dayalı olarak ortaya çıkması anlamına gelen self-organizasyon, günümüzde üzerine giderek daha fazla araştırma yürütülen bir olgudur. Self-organizasyonla bağlantılı düşünceler felsefe tarihinde de Antik Çağ’dan itibaren ileri sürülmüştür. Bu olgunun dengeden-uzak sistemler temelinde termodinamik açıdan ele alınması ise bu alanda yeni bir dönemi başlatmıştır. Self-organize sistemlerde ve canlı varlıklarda form maddedeki akışa bağlı olarak ortaya çıkmakta ve içsel olarak belirlenmektedir. Organizmanın gelişim sürecinin self-organizasyonla bağlantısının kurulması, Aristoteles’ten itibaren çözülmeye çalışılan, canlılıkta formun gelişimi problemine ışık tutmaktadır. Bu makale, son dönemde yürütülen bilimsel çalışmalar temelinde söz konusu bağlantı üzerinde durmakta ve meselenin felsefî boyutuna dair bir tartışma yürütmektedir. Morfogenez sürecinde Turing örüntüleri gibi self-organize etmenlerin rolü üzerindeki çalışmalar organizmanın formu probleminin çözümünde yeni bir kapı aralamaktadır. Felsefî açıdan ise, Simondon’un ifadesiyle, bireyin oluş sürecinin bireyden önce geldiğini ve organizmada bu oluş sürecinin yaşam boyu sürdüğünü ileri süren bireyleşim temelli yaklaşım, self-organizasyonun organizmanın gelişimi üzerindeki etkisini anlamak adına son derece önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bireyleşim
• Self-organizasyon
• Gilbert Simondon
• Morfogenez
• Canlılık

THE ROLE OF SELF-ORGANIZATION IN THE INDIVIDUATION OF THE ORGANISM

Abstract

Self-organization, which means the emergence of ordered processes and patterns based on reciprocal relations between multiple components without any template or external intervention, is a phenomenon that has been widely researched recently. Ideas that are related to self-organization have been brought forward by philosophers since the Ancient Age, too. Investigation of this phenomenon in relation to far-from-equilibrium systems from a thermodynamic perspective started a new era in this field. In self-organized systems and living things, the form appears as a result of the flow of matter and is determined internally. New research on the relationship between the form of organisms and self-organization sheds light on the problem of the development of form in living systems, which has been dealt with since Aristotle. In this article, I address this relationship based on recent scientific research and discuss the philosophical basis of the issue. Studies on the role of self-organized dynamics such as Turing patterns in morphogenesis provide new insights into the question of the form of organisms. And from a philosophical perspective, the notion of individuation, which involves the ideas that, as Simondon states, the formation of an individual precedes the individual and that such a formation takes place until the end of the organism’s lifespan, is essential to understanding the role of self-organization in the development of an organism.

Keywords

• Individuation
• Self-organization
• Gilbert Simondon
• Morphogenesis
• Life

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