“Public Knowledge” or “Science” in John M. Ziman

Abstract

The goal of science is to understand not to gather data or to get at formulas. Traditional philosophies of sciences have made attempts to keep the irrational, psychological, sociological and philosophical elements out of science and to reject them; whereas, the most important thing is to take into consideration these dimensions of science. Scientific knowledge, which is produced by men of letters, is never ever objective. Science is done by men of science for the sake of human beings; thus preconceived ideas are always dominant in science and so science is validated not by sound logic but by personal judgments. Science is also subject to the material interests, historical experience, cultural traditions and social relations of scientist doing it

Keywords

• Irrational elements,scientific knowledge,objective,preconceived ideas,cultural traditions,social relations

JOHN M. ZIMAN’DA “KAMUSAL BİLGİ” YA DA “BİLİM”

Öz

Bilimin amacı anlamadır; veri toplamak ya da formül bulmak değildir. Geleneksel bilim felsefeleri bilimdeki usdışı, psikolojik, sosyolojik ve felsefi unsurları bilimden uzaklaştırmaya ve ayıklamaya çabalamışlardır; halbuki asıl olan bilimdeki bu boyutların da hesaba katılmasıdır. Bilimsel bilgi, onu üretenler insanlar oldukları için hiç mi hiç nesnel değildir. Bilim insanlar tarafından insanlar için yapılır; şu halde, bilimde peşin hükümler her zaman söz konusudur ve bilim sağın mantıkla değil kişisel yargıla da bulunularak geçerli kılınır. Bilim maddi çıkarlara, tarihsel deneyime, kültürel geleneklere ve onu yapanların toplumsal ilişkilerine de tabidir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Usdışı unsurlar,bilimsel bilgi,nesnel,peşin hükümler,kültürel gelenekler,toplumsal ilişkiler

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