Evolutionary Morality and Its Criticism

Abstract

It has been thought that the moral law which we find as ready within us, in terms of origin, connects people to God. However, the theory of evolution asserts that all the living things and their behaviors are made up of natural selection. Accordingly, the reason why we have the current ethical behaviours is genes which cause them are supporting to survive and reproduction. However, human moral consciousness has the ability to judge and change the evolutionary behaviour. This implies the morality can not be explained by evolutionary algorithms only

Keywords

• Moralıty,Evolution,Altruism,Naturalist Fallacy

EVRİMSEL AHLAK VE ELEŞTİRİSİ

Öz

İçimizde hazır bulduğumuz ahlak yasasının, kökeni açısından, insanı Tanrı’ya bağladığı düşünüle gelmiştir. Bununla birlikte evrim teorisi, tüm canlı yapılar ve davranışlarının doğal seçilimle oluştuğunu ileri sürer. Buna göre mevcut ahlaki davranışlara sahip olmamızın nedeni, onlara neden olan genlerin hayatta kalmayı ve üremeyi desteklemesidir. Bununla birlikte insanın ahlak bilinci, evrimsel davranışı yargılama ve değiştirme yeteneğine sahiptir. Bu bize ahlakın sadece evrimci algoritmayla açıklanamayacağını ima eder

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ahlak,Evrim,Diğerkâmlık,Natüralist Yanılgı

References

1. Bagehot, Walter. Physics and Politics, Cosimo Inc., New York, 2007.
2. Bentham, Jeremy. An Introduction to The Principles of Morals and Legislation, T. Payne, London, 1780.
3. Clifford, William Kingdon. Lectures and Essays, Macmillan and Co., London, 1879.
4. Darwin, Charles. On The Origin of Species By Means of Natural Selection, John Murray, London, 1859.
5. Darwin, Charles. The Descent of Man and Selection In Relation to Sex, D. Appletonand Company, New York, 1871.
6. Dawkins, Richard. The Selfih Gene, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006. Galton, Francis.
7. “HereditaryTalentand Character”, Macmillan's Magazine, 12, 1865.
8. Hamilton, W. D. “The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior I”, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1964, No: 7.

9. Hamilton, W. D. “The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior II”, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1964, No: 7.
10. Heackel, Ernst. The History of Creation, D. Appleton and Company, New York, 1887, c: 2.
11. Huxley, Thomas Henry. “On The Zoological Relations of Man with The Lower Animals”, The Natural History Review, Williams and Norgate, London, 1861.
12. Huxley, Thomas Henry. Evidence As toMan’s Place in Nature, D. Appleton and Company, New York, 1863.
13. Huxley, Thomas Henry. Evolution and Ethics, Macmillan and Co., New York, 1893.
14. Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Practical Reason, çev. Werner S. Pluhar, Hackett Publishing Comp.,Indianapolis, 2002.
15. Lyell, Sir Charles. The Geological Evidences of The Antiquity of Man, John Murray, London, 1863.
16. Moore, George Edward. Principia Ethica, Cambridge University Press, London, 1922.
17. Sidgwick, Henry. The Methods of Ethics, Macmillan and co., London, 1907.
18. Sidgwick, Henry. Social Statics or The Conditions Essential to Human Happiness, John Chapman, London, 1850.
19. Herbert Spencer, The Principles of Ethics, D. Appleton and Company, New York, 1896, c. 1.
20. Mill, John Stuart. Utilitarianism, Parker Son and Bourn, London, 1863.
21. Stephen, Leslie. The Science of Ethics, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York, 1907.
22. Wallace, Alfred Russel. “The Origin of Human Races and The Antiquity of Man Deduced from The Theory of Natural Selection”, The Journal Of The Antropological Society, 1864.
23. Wallace, Alfred Russel. Contributions to The Theory of Natural Selection, Macmillan and Co., 1871.
24. Wallace, Alfred Russel. Darwinism, Macmillan and Co., London, 1889.
25. Wallace, Alfred Russel. Social Environment and Moral Progress, Cassell and Company, London, 1913.
26. Williams, George C. Adaptation and Natural Selection, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1996.
27. Wilson, Edward O. On Human Nature, Harvard University Press, Massachussets, 1978.
28. Wilson, Edward O. Sociobiology, The New Synthesis, Harvard University Press, Massachussets, 1975.
29. Wollastone, A. F. R. Life of Alfred Newton, John Murray, London, 1921.