Rousseau and Turkey

Year 2013, Issue: 16, 121 - 148, 01.12.2013

Özgüç Orhan

Abstract

This article examines the critique of Rousseau’s concepts of sovereignty and general will. Sovereignty and general will, for Rousseau, aim at achieving free and equal existence of citizens. The goal of Rousseau’s political solution known as “social contract” is freedom while its instrument is equality. Rousseau’s political ideas, both in the West and Turkey, have been interpreted in the opposite direction and subject to criticism. An important claim of the critics has been that Rousseau’s thought influenced the Jacobin wing of the French revolutionaries. This type of criticsm was first made in the Western literature since the beginning of the nineteenth century and were employed in Turkey especially during the recent debates over the defects of the Turkish political system

Keywords

Rousseau, Sovereignty, General Will, Separation of Powers, Union of Powers

ROUSSEAU VE TÜRKİYE

Abstract

Bu makale Rousseau’nun “egemenlik” ve “genel irade” kavramlarına yönelik eleştirileri ele almaktadır. Rousseau’da egemenlik ve genel irade, vatandaşların hür ve eşit varoluşunu sağlamayı hedefler. Rousseau’nun “toplumsal sözleşme” diye bilinen siyasal çözümünün gayesi özgürlük iken, bu özgürlüğe ulaşmanın aracı eşitliktir. Rousseau’nun siyasal fikirleri hem Batı hem Türkiye bağlamında bunun tam aksi şekilde yorumlanmış ve eleştirilere maruz kalmıştır. Bu eleştirmenlerin önemli bir iddiası Rousseau’nun Fransız Devrimin Jakoben kanadını düşünsel olarak etkilemiş olduğudur. Rousseau’ya yönelik bu tür eleştiriler on dokuzuncu yüzyılın başlarından beri öncelikle Batı literatüründe ortaya atılmış; ülkemizde ise özellikle son dönemlerde Türk siyasal düzeninin eksiklikleri dile getirilirken gündeme gelmiştir

Keywords

Rousseau, Egemenlik, Genel İrade, Kuvvetler

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