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Consciousness and Intentionality in John Roger Searle

Year 2014, Issue: 18, 15 - 30, 01.12.2014

Abstract

According to Searle, consciousness is a real natural phenomenon occuring in physical world. However, the distinguishing features of consciousness from other biological phonemenon as well as the other phonemenon in natural world are the features such as objectivity, qualitativeness, unity and intentionality. At this point, the problem of how the consciousness is occuring in physical world is examined without excluding the subjective and qualitative side of the conciousness. The basic quality for consciousness to survive is intentionality. Intentionality which is the focal point in our study is the situation of the events in the World where many mental event and situation features is directed. According to Searle not all consciousness cases show intentionality and besides not all intentional case is conscious. According to him, all of us have mental positions such as belives, desires, intentions and senses and subjective qualitative consciousness positions. Both consciousness and intentionality are biological processes determined by sub level nerve cells in the brain and can not be degraded into something else. That is why intentionality and conciousness are the parts of biological history. Thus in this study, it is proposed that the consciousness can not be degradable because of basic features and it has relations with intentionality

References

  • Crick, Francis; Şaşırtan Varsayım, çev: Sabit Say, Tübitak Popüler Bilim Kitapları, Ankara, 2000.
  • Dennett, Daniel; Braınstorms, Bradford Books, 1978.
  • Graham, George; Philosophy of Mind, Second Edition, Massachusetts, USA, Blackwell Publishers, 1998.
  • Fodor, Jerry; Psychosemantics: The Problem of Meaning in the Phıkıosophy of Mind, Cambridge, Mass. Mit Press, 1987.
  • Hofstadter, D., and D. C. Denett, The Mind’s, Newyork: Basıc Books, 1981.
  • Ladd, George, Trumball; Psychology, Descrpitive And Explanatory, Kesinger Publishing, 2007.
  • Runes, Dagobert; Dictionary of Phılosophy, USA, 1965.
  • Searle, John Roger; Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1983.
  • Searle, John Roger; Minds, Braıns and Scıence, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1984.
  • Searle, John Roger; Minds, Language and Society, Phılosophy ın The Real World-Perseus Books Group, Newyork, in the United States of America, 1998.
  • Searle, John Roger; Conscıousness and Language, in The Unıted States of America, Cambridge Unıversıty Press, 2002.
  • Searle, John Roger; The Rediscovery of the Mind, Cambridge, The MIT Press, 2002.
  • Searle, John Roger; “Why I am Not a Property Dualist”, Journal of Consciousness Studies, Vol.9, No.12, 2002.
  • Searle, John Roger; Mind: A Brief Introduction, New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
  • Searle, John Roger; “Biological Naturalism”, Max Velmans ve Susan Schneider (Ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Consciousnesss içinde, MA: Blackewell Publishing, 2007.
  • Shaffer, Jeroma; Philosophy of Mind, Çev. T. Koç, İstanbul, İz Yayıncılık, 1992.
  • Soykan, Ömer Naci; Felsefe ve Dil, İstanbul, Kabalcı Yayınları, 1995.
  • Uygur, Necmi; Kuram-Eylem Bağlamı, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2000.

JOHN ROGER SEARLE’DE BİLİNÇ VE YÖNELİMSELLİK

Year 2014, Issue: 18, 15 - 30, 01.12.2014

Abstract

Searle’e göre, bilinç, fiziksel dünyada yer alan gerçek doğal bir görüngüdür. Ancak Searle’e göre, bilinci diğer biyolojik görüngülerden, hatta doğal dünyadaki diğer görüngülerden farklı kılan; öznellik, niteliksellik, birlik ve yönelimsellik gibi özellikleridir. Bu noktada, bilincin öznel ve niteliksel tarafı dışarıda bırakılmayarak fiziksel dünyanın içinde nasıl yer aldığı sorunu ele alınmıştır. Bilincin varlığını sürdürebilmesi için gerekli olan en temel niteliği yönelimselliktir. Çalışmamızın merkezinde olan yönelimsellik, Searle’e göre, birçok aklî durum ve olayın özelliğinin yönlendirildiği ve dünyadaki olayların durumudur. Searle’e göre, bütün bilinç durumları yönelimsellik arz etmezler; ayrıca her yönelimli durum da bilinçli değildir. Ona göre, hepimiz içimizde öznel, niteliksel bilinç durumlarına ve özümüzde inançlar, istekler, yönelimler ve algılar gibi yönelimli zihin durumlarına sahibiz. Hem bilinç hem de yönelimsellik, beyinde alt düzey sinirsel hücrelerin işlemleriyle belirlenen biyolojik süreçlerdir, başka bir şeye indirgenemezler. Bu nedenle bilinç ve yönelimli durumlar, biyolojik tarihin bir parçasıdır. Böylece bu çalışmada, Searle’ün nezdinde bilincin, temel özellikleri nedeniyle, ontolojik olarak indirgenemez bir yapıda olduğu fikri ve yönelimsellik ile ilişkisi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır

References

  • Crick, Francis; Şaşırtan Varsayım, çev: Sabit Say, Tübitak Popüler Bilim Kitapları, Ankara, 2000.
  • Dennett, Daniel; Braınstorms, Bradford Books, 1978.
  • Graham, George; Philosophy of Mind, Second Edition, Massachusetts, USA, Blackwell Publishers, 1998.
  • Fodor, Jerry; Psychosemantics: The Problem of Meaning in the Phıkıosophy of Mind, Cambridge, Mass. Mit Press, 1987.
  • Hofstadter, D., and D. C. Denett, The Mind’s, Newyork: Basıc Books, 1981.
  • Ladd, George, Trumball; Psychology, Descrpitive And Explanatory, Kesinger Publishing, 2007.
  • Runes, Dagobert; Dictionary of Phılosophy, USA, 1965.
  • Searle, John Roger; Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1983.
  • Searle, John Roger; Minds, Braıns and Scıence, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1984.
  • Searle, John Roger; Minds, Language and Society, Phılosophy ın The Real World-Perseus Books Group, Newyork, in the United States of America, 1998.
  • Searle, John Roger; Conscıousness and Language, in The Unıted States of America, Cambridge Unıversıty Press, 2002.
  • Searle, John Roger; The Rediscovery of the Mind, Cambridge, The MIT Press, 2002.
  • Searle, John Roger; “Why I am Not a Property Dualist”, Journal of Consciousness Studies, Vol.9, No.12, 2002.
  • Searle, John Roger; Mind: A Brief Introduction, New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
  • Searle, John Roger; “Biological Naturalism”, Max Velmans ve Susan Schneider (Ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Consciousnesss içinde, MA: Blackewell Publishing, 2007.
  • Shaffer, Jeroma; Philosophy of Mind, Çev. T. Koç, İstanbul, İz Yayıncılık, 1992.
  • Soykan, Ömer Naci; Felsefe ve Dil, İstanbul, Kabalcı Yayınları, 1995.
  • Uygur, Necmi; Kuram-Eylem Bağlamı, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2000.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Vedat Çelebi

Publication Date December 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Issue: 18

Cite

Chicago Çelebi, Vedat. “JOHN ROGER SEARLE’DE BİLİNÇ VE YÖNELİMSELLİK”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 18 (December 2014): 15-30.

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