BibTex RIS Cite

The Aristotelian Concept of the Natural Slave in the Spanish Americas

Year 2016, Issue: 21, 31 - 50, 01.05.2016

Abstract

This paper demonstrates that due to the great status of Aristotle among the Spanish scholars in the Renaissance, his concept of the natural slave framed the debate in which these intellectuals dealt with the newly encountered native peoples of the Americas. It first reveals that this concept was developed within the context of the slaveholding society of ancient Athens, where slavery was regarded as a requisite for that proper functioning of that society. It also shows that the concept itself is an ambiguous one. The paper then demonstrates, mainly through the writings of St Augustine, that in the early Church the concept fell into abeyance before being brought back into significance in the time of St Thomas Aquinas with the rebirth of interest in Aristotle. It then shows that with the influence of Aristotle continuing to rise into the Renaissance, the concept of the natural slave became one of great importance, including amongst the aforementioned Spanish scholars. It next reveals how the status of the newly encountered native Americans, who were being enslaved, was debated in terms of the natural slave, with one side taking the view that the native Americans were indeed natural slaves, whilst the other denying that this was the case, although advocating education to improve the reasoning ability of these peoples. Lastly, it shows that Las Casas belonged to the latter side, whilst also rejecting the concept of the natural slave altogether

References

  • Alighieri, Dante, İlahi Komedya, çev. Rekin Teksoy, Oğlak Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 1998.
  • Andrewes, Antony, Greek Society, Penguin Books Ltd., Middlesex, 1991.
  • Aquinas, St Thomas, Contra Gentiles Book II, çev. James F. Anderson, Hannover House, New York, 1955-7.
  • Aquinas, St Thomas, Contra Gentiles Book III Q1-83, çev. Vernon J. Bourke, Hannover House, New York, 1955-7.
  • Aristoteles, Nikomakhos’a Etik, çev. Saffet Babür, BilgeSu Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2014.
  • Aristoteles, Politika, çev. Furkan Akderin, Say Yayınları, İstanbul, 2013.
  • Augustine, Aurelius, The Works of Aurelius Augustine: Vol. II. The City of God, çev. Marcus Dods, Murray and Gibb, Edinburgh, 1871.
  • Bakewell, Peter, A History of Latin America, Blackwell Publishers Inc., Malden, 1998.
  • Castiglione, Count Baldesar, The Book of the Courtier, çev. Leonard Eckstein Opdycke, Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1903.
  • Díaz, Bernal, The Conquest of New Spain, çev. J. M. Cohen, Penguin Books Ltd., Middlesex, 1963.
  • Durant, Will, Outlines of Philosophy: Plato to Russell, Ernest Benn Limited, London, 1962.
  • Fahri, Macit, İslâm Felsefesi Tarihi. çev. Kasım Turhan, İklim Yayınları, İstanbul, 1992.
  • Fortenbaugh, W.W., Aristotle on Emotion, Gerald Duckworth & Co Ltd., London, 2002.
  • Hale, J. R., Renaissance Europe: Individual and Society, 1480-1520, University of California Press, Ltd., California, 1977. Hale, John.
  • The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance, HarperCollinsPublishers, London, 1993.
  • Jones, A.H.M., “Athens and Sparta”, The Greeks içinde, ed. H. Lloyd-Jones, A.C. Watts & Co. Ltd., London, 1962.
  • Kutsal Kitap, Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi, İstanbul, 2003.
  • Las Casas, Bartolomé de, Kızılderili Katliamı, çev. Ömer Faruk Birpınar, Babıali Kültür Yayıncılığı, İstanbul, 2004.
  • Leff, Gordon, Medieval Thought: St Augustine to Ockham, Penguin Books Ltd., Middlesex, 1958.
  • Mango, Cyril, Byzantium: The Empire of the New Rome, Orion Books Ltd.,London, 1998.
  • MacIntyre, Alasdair, A Short History of Ethics, Routledge, London, 2002.
  • Musa, Mark, “Notes” for Canto IV., The Divine Comedy: Vol I: Inferno içinde, Dante Alighieri, Penguin Books Ltd., London, 1984, 102-8.
  • Pagden, Anthony, “Introduction”, A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies içine, Bartolomé de Las Casas, çev. Nigel Griffin, Penguin Books Ltd., London, 2004, xii-xli.
  • Sinclair, T.A., “Introduction”, The Politics içinde, ed. ve çev. T. A. Sinclair, Penguin Books Ltd., Middlesex, 1976.
  • Ward, Julie K, “Ethnos in the Politics: Aristotle and Race”, Philosophers on Race: Critical Essays içinde, ed. Julie K. Ward and Tommy L. Lott, Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Oxford, 2002, 14-37.
  • Wood, Michael, Cole, Bruce & Gealt, Adelheid M., Art of the Western World: From Ancient Greece to Post Modernism, Simon & Shuster Inc., New York, 2006.
  • Wood, Michael, Conquistadors, BBC Worldwide Limited, London, 2001.

SÖMÜRGECİ İSPANYOL AMERİKASI’NDA ARİSTOTELESÇİ DOĞAL KÖLE KAVRAMI

Year 2016, Issue: 21, 31 - 50, 01.05.2016

Abstract

Rönesans’ta İspanyol bilginleri nazarında Aristoteles’in konumu oldukça yüksektir. Dolayısıyla onun doğal köle kavramı, Amerika kıtasında karşılaşılan yerli halkların statüsüne ilişkin entelektüel tartışmaların çerçevesini belirlemiştir. Sözkonusu kavram, kölelik olgusunun toplumun tam işlevselliği için gerekli olduğuna inanan Antik Atina’nın köleci toplumu bağlamında geliştirilmiştir. Öte yandan Aristoteles’in doğal köle kavramı her halükarda bir belirsizlik de içermektedir. St. Thomas Aquinas zamanında Aristotelesçiliğin yeniden doğuşuyla birlikte bir kez daha önem kazanan kavram, St. Augustine’e göre erken Kilise’de geçerli değildir, ancak Rönesans’ta Aristotelesçilik etkisinin yükselmeye devam etmesiyle birlikte İspanyol düşünürleri arasında çok önemli bir tartışma konusu haline gelmiştir. Çalışmada, onların doğal köleler olduklarını ileri sürenlerle, bu tavrı reddeden ancak eğitim yoluyla bilişsel yetilerinin iyileştirilebileceğini savunanlar olmak üzere iki tarafın tartışma konusu olan köleleştirilen yerli Amerikalıların durumu incelenecektir. Las Casas, ikinci gruba girmekte, aynı zamanda Aristotelyen doğal köle kavramını tamamıyla reddetmektedir

References

  • Alighieri, Dante, İlahi Komedya, çev. Rekin Teksoy, Oğlak Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 1998.
  • Andrewes, Antony, Greek Society, Penguin Books Ltd., Middlesex, 1991.
  • Aquinas, St Thomas, Contra Gentiles Book II, çev. James F. Anderson, Hannover House, New York, 1955-7.
  • Aquinas, St Thomas, Contra Gentiles Book III Q1-83, çev. Vernon J. Bourke, Hannover House, New York, 1955-7.
  • Aristoteles, Nikomakhos’a Etik, çev. Saffet Babür, BilgeSu Yayıncılık, Ankara, 2014.
  • Aristoteles, Politika, çev. Furkan Akderin, Say Yayınları, İstanbul, 2013.
  • Augustine, Aurelius, The Works of Aurelius Augustine: Vol. II. The City of God, çev. Marcus Dods, Murray and Gibb, Edinburgh, 1871.
  • Bakewell, Peter, A History of Latin America, Blackwell Publishers Inc., Malden, 1998.
  • Castiglione, Count Baldesar, The Book of the Courtier, çev. Leonard Eckstein Opdycke, Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, 1903.
  • Díaz, Bernal, The Conquest of New Spain, çev. J. M. Cohen, Penguin Books Ltd., Middlesex, 1963.
  • Durant, Will, Outlines of Philosophy: Plato to Russell, Ernest Benn Limited, London, 1962.
  • Fahri, Macit, İslâm Felsefesi Tarihi. çev. Kasım Turhan, İklim Yayınları, İstanbul, 1992.
  • Fortenbaugh, W.W., Aristotle on Emotion, Gerald Duckworth & Co Ltd., London, 2002.
  • Hale, J. R., Renaissance Europe: Individual and Society, 1480-1520, University of California Press, Ltd., California, 1977. Hale, John.
  • The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance, HarperCollinsPublishers, London, 1993.
  • Jones, A.H.M., “Athens and Sparta”, The Greeks içinde, ed. H. Lloyd-Jones, A.C. Watts & Co. Ltd., London, 1962.
  • Kutsal Kitap, Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi, İstanbul, 2003.
  • Las Casas, Bartolomé de, Kızılderili Katliamı, çev. Ömer Faruk Birpınar, Babıali Kültür Yayıncılığı, İstanbul, 2004.
  • Leff, Gordon, Medieval Thought: St Augustine to Ockham, Penguin Books Ltd., Middlesex, 1958.
  • Mango, Cyril, Byzantium: The Empire of the New Rome, Orion Books Ltd.,London, 1998.
  • MacIntyre, Alasdair, A Short History of Ethics, Routledge, London, 2002.
  • Musa, Mark, “Notes” for Canto IV., The Divine Comedy: Vol I: Inferno içinde, Dante Alighieri, Penguin Books Ltd., London, 1984, 102-8.
  • Pagden, Anthony, “Introduction”, A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies içine, Bartolomé de Las Casas, çev. Nigel Griffin, Penguin Books Ltd., London, 2004, xii-xli.
  • Sinclair, T.A., “Introduction”, The Politics içinde, ed. ve çev. T. A. Sinclair, Penguin Books Ltd., Middlesex, 1976.
  • Ward, Julie K, “Ethnos in the Politics: Aristotle and Race”, Philosophers on Race: Critical Essays içinde, ed. Julie K. Ward and Tommy L. Lott, Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Oxford, 2002, 14-37.
  • Wood, Michael, Cole, Bruce & Gealt, Adelheid M., Art of the Western World: From Ancient Greece to Post Modernism, Simon & Shuster Inc., New York, 2006.
  • Wood, Michael, Conquistadors, BBC Worldwide Limited, London, 2001.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fatma Dore This is me

Publication Date May 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Issue: 21

Cite

Chicago Dore, Fatma. “SÖMÜRGECİ İSPANYOL AMERİKASI’NDA ARİSTOTELESÇİ DOĞAL KÖLE KAVRAMI”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 21 (May 2016): 31-50.

Starting from 2024, our journal will be published in 3 issues as two regular and one special issues. These issues will be published In May (regular issue), September (special issue) and December (regular issue).

Acceptance of articles for our special issue and our regular issue in December will begin on March 15.

Only articles within the scope of the file will be included in our special issue. 

Thank you for your attention.