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ELEŞTİREL BİR SOSYAL BİLİMİN OLANAĞI ÜZERİNE

Year 2019, Issue: 28, 369 - 386, 29.12.2019

Abstract

Frankfurt Okulu’yla özdeşleşen Eleştirel Teori’nin, sosyal bilimlerin gelişimi için yeni ufuklar açtığı kuşku taşımaz. Pozitivizm karşıtı tutumları, topluma yönelik bilgisel bir çabanın bilim olma koşullarına odaklıdır. Ancak Marksist sınırlarla belirlenmiş bu koşullar, önemli bir soruna da işaret eder. Eleştirel bir sosyal bilim, nasıl bir epistemolojiye dayanmalıdır? Eleştirel bir unsur olarak “refleksiyonun” epistemolojik önemine vurgu yapan bu çalışma, ilkin Eleştirel Teori’nin refleksiyonu ele alma biçimini incelemektedir. Refleksiyonu, Marksist sınırların ötesine taşıyarak, eleştirel bir sosyal bilimin epistemolojisini temellendiren Habermas’tır. Çünkü Habermas, “dil”, “eylem” ve “bilgi” arasında ilişki kurarak, eleştirinin hermeneutik ve psikanalitik boyutlarını temellendirir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma, “bilgi”, “ilgi”, “özgürleşim”, “ideoloji eleştirisi” ve “iletişimsel eylem” gibi kavramlar arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyerek, bir sosyal bilimin eleştirel olma koşullarına ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • Adorno, T., W. “Husserl and the Problem of Idealism”. The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 37, No. 1 (Jan. 4, 1940), (ss. 5-18). The Journal of Philosophy Inc., New York: 1940.
  • Adorno, T., W. “The Culture Industry”. Selected Essays on Mass Culture. (J.M. Bernstein, Ed.). Routledge, London, New York: 1991.
  • Adorno, T., W. Minima Moralia Reflections on a Damaged Life. (E. N. F. Jephcott, Çev.). Verso, London, New York: 2005.
  • Benjamin, W. Selected Writings Volume 1 1913-1926. (Marcus Bullock, Michael W. Jennings, Ed.). The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London: 2002.
  • Busacchi, V. Habermas and Ricoeur’s Depth Hermeneutics From Psychoanalysis to a Critical Human Science. Springer, Switzerland: 2016.
  • Çiğdem, A. Akıl ve Toplumun Özgürleşimi, Jürgen Habermas ve Eleştirel Epistemoloji Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Vadi Yayınları, Ankara: 1997.
  • Freud, S. Psikanalize Giriş Dersleri. (Selçuk Budak, Çev.). Öteki Yayınevi, İstanbul: 2006.
  • Freud, S. The Interpretation of Dreams. Trans. (James Strachey, Çev.). Basic Books, New York: 2010.
  • Gadamer, H., G. Truth and Method, (Joel Weinsheimer, Donald G. Marshall, Çev.). The Continuum, New York: 1989.
  • Habermas, J. Knowledge and Human Interests. (Jeremy J. Shapiro, Çev.). Beacon Press, Boston:1972.
  • Habermas, J. Communication and the Evolution of Society. (Thomas McCarthy, Çev.). Beacon Press, Boston: 1979.
  • Habermas, J. The Theory of Communicative Action, Volume 1. (Thomas McCarthy, Çev.). Beacon Press, Boston: 1984.
  • Habermas, J. The Theory of Communicative Action, Volume 2. (Thomas McCarthy, Çev.). Beacon Press, Boston: 1987.
  • Habermas, J. On the Logic of the Social Sciences. (Shierry Weber Nicholsen, Jerry A. Stark, Çev.). Polity Press, Cambridge: 1988.
  • Habermas, J. “A Review of Gadamer’s Truth and Method”. (Fred R. Dallmayr, Thomas McCarthy, Çev.). The Hermeneutic Tradition, From Ast to Ricoeur. (Gayle L. Ormiston and Alan D. Schrift, Ed.). ss.213-244. State University of New York Press, Albany: 1990.
  • Habermas, J. Sosyal Bilimlerin Mantığı Üzerine. (Mustafa Tüzel, Çev.). Kabalcı Yayınları, İstanbul: 1998.
  • Held, D. Introduction to Critical Theory, Horkheimer to Habermas. Hutchinson, London: 1980.
  • Horkheimer, M. Critical Theory Selected Essays. (Matthew J. O'Connell). The Continuum Publishing, New York: 1989.
  • Horkheimer, M. Between Philosophy and Social Science, Selected Early Writings. (Hunter F., Kramer M. S., Torpey J., Çev.). MIT Press, Massachusetts: 1993.
  • Horkheimer, M. Eclipse of Reason. Continuum, London, New York: 2004.
  • How, A. Critical Theory. Palgrave Macmillian, New York: 2003.
  • Kant, I. Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics. (Gary Hatfield, Çev., Ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York: 2004.
  • Marcuse, H. Reason and Revolution, Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory. Routledge&Kegan Paul Ltd., USA: 1955.
  • Marcuse, H. Heideggerian Marxism. (Richard Wolin, John Abromeit, Ed.). University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, London: 2005.
  • Novalis. Fichte Studies. (Jane Kneller, Ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne: 2003.
  • Ricoeur, P. Hermeneutics an the Critique of Ideology. (Jonh B. Thompson, Çev.). The Hermeneutic Tradition, From Ast to Ricoeur. (Gayle L. Ormiston and Alan D. Schrift, Ed.). ss.:298-334. State University of New York Press, Albany: 1990.
  • Schecter, D. The Critique of Instrumental Reason from Weber to Habermas. The Continuum, New York: 2010.
  • White, K., S. “Reason, Modernity and Democracy”. The Cambridge Companion to Habermas. (Stephen K. White, Ed.). ss.: 3-16. Cambridge University Press, New York: 1995.

ON THE POSSIBILITY OF CRITICAL SOCIAL SCIENCE

Year 2019, Issue: 28, 369 - 386, 29.12.2019

Abstract

There is no doubt that Critical Theory, which is identified with the
Frankfurt School, opens up new horizons for the development of social sciences.
The attitude of Critical Theory against positivism is focused on the conditions of
that how does an epistemological effort towards society become a science.
However, these conditions, which were determined by Marxist boundaries,
indicate to an important problem. What kind of epistemology does a critical
social science has? Emphasizing the epistemological importance of the
reflection that is a critical element, this study firstly examines that how thinkers
who belongs to Critical Theory handles the reflection. It is Habermas, whose
takes the reflection beyond the Marxist boundaries and grounds the
epistemology of critical social science in this way. Because, by establishing a
relationship between "language", "action" and "knowledge", Habermas founds
the hermeneutical and psychoanalytic dimensions of critique. Therefore, this
study aims to shed light on the epistemological conditions of critical social
science by examining the relationship between concepts such as “knowledge”,
“interest”, “emancipation”, “critique of ideology”, and “communicative action”

References

  • Adorno, T., W. “Husserl and the Problem of Idealism”. The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 37, No. 1 (Jan. 4, 1940), (ss. 5-18). The Journal of Philosophy Inc., New York: 1940.
  • Adorno, T., W. “The Culture Industry”. Selected Essays on Mass Culture. (J.M. Bernstein, Ed.). Routledge, London, New York: 1991.
  • Adorno, T., W. Minima Moralia Reflections on a Damaged Life. (E. N. F. Jephcott, Çev.). Verso, London, New York: 2005.
  • Benjamin, W. Selected Writings Volume 1 1913-1926. (Marcus Bullock, Michael W. Jennings, Ed.). The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London: 2002.
  • Busacchi, V. Habermas and Ricoeur’s Depth Hermeneutics From Psychoanalysis to a Critical Human Science. Springer, Switzerland: 2016.
  • Çiğdem, A. Akıl ve Toplumun Özgürleşimi, Jürgen Habermas ve Eleştirel Epistemoloji Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Vadi Yayınları, Ankara: 1997.
  • Freud, S. Psikanalize Giriş Dersleri. (Selçuk Budak, Çev.). Öteki Yayınevi, İstanbul: 2006.
  • Freud, S. The Interpretation of Dreams. Trans. (James Strachey, Çev.). Basic Books, New York: 2010.
  • Gadamer, H., G. Truth and Method, (Joel Weinsheimer, Donald G. Marshall, Çev.). The Continuum, New York: 1989.
  • Habermas, J. Knowledge and Human Interests. (Jeremy J. Shapiro, Çev.). Beacon Press, Boston:1972.
  • Habermas, J. Communication and the Evolution of Society. (Thomas McCarthy, Çev.). Beacon Press, Boston: 1979.
  • Habermas, J. The Theory of Communicative Action, Volume 1. (Thomas McCarthy, Çev.). Beacon Press, Boston: 1984.
  • Habermas, J. The Theory of Communicative Action, Volume 2. (Thomas McCarthy, Çev.). Beacon Press, Boston: 1987.
  • Habermas, J. On the Logic of the Social Sciences. (Shierry Weber Nicholsen, Jerry A. Stark, Çev.). Polity Press, Cambridge: 1988.
  • Habermas, J. “A Review of Gadamer’s Truth and Method”. (Fred R. Dallmayr, Thomas McCarthy, Çev.). The Hermeneutic Tradition, From Ast to Ricoeur. (Gayle L. Ormiston and Alan D. Schrift, Ed.). ss.213-244. State University of New York Press, Albany: 1990.
  • Habermas, J. Sosyal Bilimlerin Mantığı Üzerine. (Mustafa Tüzel, Çev.). Kabalcı Yayınları, İstanbul: 1998.
  • Held, D. Introduction to Critical Theory, Horkheimer to Habermas. Hutchinson, London: 1980.
  • Horkheimer, M. Critical Theory Selected Essays. (Matthew J. O'Connell). The Continuum Publishing, New York: 1989.
  • Horkheimer, M. Between Philosophy and Social Science, Selected Early Writings. (Hunter F., Kramer M. S., Torpey J., Çev.). MIT Press, Massachusetts: 1993.
  • Horkheimer, M. Eclipse of Reason. Continuum, London, New York: 2004.
  • How, A. Critical Theory. Palgrave Macmillian, New York: 2003.
  • Kant, I. Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics. (Gary Hatfield, Çev., Ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York: 2004.
  • Marcuse, H. Reason and Revolution, Hegel and the Rise of Social Theory. Routledge&Kegan Paul Ltd., USA: 1955.
  • Marcuse, H. Heideggerian Marxism. (Richard Wolin, John Abromeit, Ed.). University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, London: 2005.
  • Novalis. Fichte Studies. (Jane Kneller, Ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne: 2003.
  • Ricoeur, P. Hermeneutics an the Critique of Ideology. (Jonh B. Thompson, Çev.). The Hermeneutic Tradition, From Ast to Ricoeur. (Gayle L. Ormiston and Alan D. Schrift, Ed.). ss.:298-334. State University of New York Press, Albany: 1990.
  • Schecter, D. The Critique of Instrumental Reason from Weber to Habermas. The Continuum, New York: 2010.
  • White, K., S. “Reason, Modernity and Democracy”. The Cambridge Companion to Habermas. (Stephen K. White, Ed.). ss.: 3-16. Cambridge University Press, New York: 1995.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Philosophy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Erdal İsbir 0000-0002-3100-4456

Publication Date December 29, 2019
Submission Date August 6, 2019
Acceptance Date December 27, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 28

Cite

Chicago İsbir, Erdal. “ELEŞTİREL BİR SOSYAL BİLİMİN OLANAĞI ÜZERİNE”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 28 (December 2019): 369-86.

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