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THE CRITICISM OF IDEAL LANGUAGE AND NATURAL HISTORY IN WITTGENSTEIN

Year 2024, Issue: 38, 179 - 197, 20.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1507412

Abstract

Wittgenstein reveals that language gains meaning within the practice of concrete forms of life and asserts that an understanding of ideal language leads to philosophical confusion. Placing the human relationship with language in its natural history, the philosopher looked at philosophical problems within this naturalized framework. The forms of human life and the language-games that are part of them, which he presents as facts of natural history, show that the actual use of language is a concrete practice. In this way, linguistic expressions need only be described. Otherwise, misunderstandings and philosophical problems arise. The dissolution of the problems arising from the ideal and metaphysical use of language can be achieved by a change of attitude. Therefore, in the Philosophical Investigations, Wittgenstein abandons the Tractarian idea of the determinacy of sense by taking language out of the ideal realm and grounding it to a concrete nature. Consequently, describing human beings' linguistic activities as their activities of form of life will clarify the confusions caused by our ideal and theoretical way of looking at things. The descriptive linking of actual uses of language to natural history also brings back open to view the ground of activities in which language is embedded.

References

  • Altuğ, Taylan. Dile Gelen Felsefe, İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2001.
  • Baker, Gordon. Wittgenstein’s Method: Neglected Aspects, Oxford, Blackwell Publishing, 2006.
  • Fogelin, Robert J. Wittgenstein, London and New York: Routledge, 1995.
  • Fogelin, Robert J. Taking Wittgenstein at his Words: A Textual Study, Princeton University Press, 2009.
  • Garver, Newton. “Naturalism and Transcendentality: The Case of ‘Form of Life.’” İçinde Wittgenstein and Contemporary Philosophy, Editör Souren Teghrarian, 41-69. Bristol, England: Thoemmes Press, 1994.
  • Gebauer, Gunter. Wittgenstein’s Anthropological Philosophy, Translated by Deborah Anne Bowen, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
  • Finch, H. L. Wittgenstein, Massachussetts: Element Books, 1995.
  • Hacker, P.M.S., An Analytical Commentary on The Philosophical Investigations, Vol 3, Wittgenstein: Meaning and Mind, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1990.
  • Hunter, J.F.M. “‘Forms of Life’ in Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations”, İçinde Ludwig Wittgenstein: Critical Assesments, Vol. 2 (From Philosophical Investigations to On Certainty: Wittgenstein’s Later Philosophy), Edited by Stuart Shanker, 106-124, London: Routledge, 1986.
  • Malcolm, Norman. Problems of Mind: Descartes to Wittgenstein, London: Routledge, 1971.
  • Marques, Antonio. “Anthropological Representations and Forms of Life in Wittgenstein”, İçinde Philosophical Anthropology: Wittgenstein’s Perspective, Edited by Jesus Padilla Galvez, 61-72, Ontos Verlag, 2010.
  • McGinn, Marie. Wittgenstein, Scepticism and Naturalism: Essays on the Later Philosophy, New York: Anthem Press, 2022.
  • Mishani-Uval, Yael. “‘Bring Words back from their Metaphysical to their Everday Use’ – Meaning in Life through Ordinary Language Use”, İçinde Psychoanalytic Investigations in Philosophy, Edited by Dorit Lemberger, 113-133, London and New York, Routledge, 2023.
  • Schroeder, Severin. Wittgenstein, The Way Out of the Fly-Bottle, Cambridge: Polity Press, 2006.
  • Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics, Translated by G.E.M. Anscombe, Cambridge: The M.I.T. Press, 1967.
  • Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, Çeviren Oruç Aruoba, İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2003.
  • Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Zettel, Çeviren Doğan Şahiner, İstanbul: Nisan Yayınları, 2004.
  • Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Felsefi Soruşturmalar, Çeviren Haluk Barışcan, İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, 2007. Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Kesinlik Üstüne, Çeviren Doğan Şahiner, İstanbul: Metis, 2009. Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Mavi Kitap, Çeviren Doğan Şahiner, İstanbul, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2011.

WITTGENSTEIN’DA İDEAL DİL ELEŞTİRİSİ VE DOĞAL TARİH

Year 2024, Issue: 38, 179 - 197, 20.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1507412

Abstract

Wittgenstein dilin somut yaşam biçimlerinin pratiği içerisinde anlam kazandığını ortaya koymakta ve ideal bir dil anlayışının felsefi karışıklıklara yol açtığını iddia etmektedir. İnsanın dil ile olan ilişkisini onun doğal tarihinde konumlandıran düşünür, felsefi sorunlara da bu doğallaştırma çerçevesinde bakmıştır. Doğal tarihin olguları olarak sunduğu insani yaşam biçimleri ve bunların parçası olan dil-oyunları, dili kullanmanın somut bir pratik olduğunu gösterir. Bu şekilde dilsel ifadelerin sadece betimlenmesi gerekir. Aksi halde yanlış anlamalara yol açılmakta ve felsefi sorunların önü açılmaktadır. Dilin ideal ve metafizik kullanımları sonucunda açığa çıkan sorunların giderilmesi ise bir tutum değişikliği yoluyla sağlanabilir. Dolayısıyla Wittgenstein Felsefi Soruşturmalar’da dili ideal alandan çekip yaşamsal pratiklerimizi gerçekleştirdiğimiz somut bir alana taşıyarak Tractatus’ta bulunan anlamın belirginliği fikrinden vazgeçer. Sonuç olarak insanın dilsel etkinliklerini onun yaşam biçimsel etkinlikleri olarak betimlemek, şeylere ideal ve kuramsal bir yerden bakışımızın yol açtığı karışıklıkları açık hale getirecektir. Dil kullanımlarının betimleyici bir şekilde doğal tarih ile bağının kurulması, dilin içine gömülü olduğu etkinlikler alanını da göz önüne yeniden serer.

References

  • Altuğ, Taylan. Dile Gelen Felsefe, İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2001.
  • Baker, Gordon. Wittgenstein’s Method: Neglected Aspects, Oxford, Blackwell Publishing, 2006.
  • Fogelin, Robert J. Wittgenstein, London and New York: Routledge, 1995.
  • Fogelin, Robert J. Taking Wittgenstein at his Words: A Textual Study, Princeton University Press, 2009.
  • Garver, Newton. “Naturalism and Transcendentality: The Case of ‘Form of Life.’” İçinde Wittgenstein and Contemporary Philosophy, Editör Souren Teghrarian, 41-69. Bristol, England: Thoemmes Press, 1994.
  • Gebauer, Gunter. Wittgenstein’s Anthropological Philosophy, Translated by Deborah Anne Bowen, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
  • Finch, H. L. Wittgenstein, Massachussetts: Element Books, 1995.
  • Hacker, P.M.S., An Analytical Commentary on The Philosophical Investigations, Vol 3, Wittgenstein: Meaning and Mind, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1990.
  • Hunter, J.F.M. “‘Forms of Life’ in Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations”, İçinde Ludwig Wittgenstein: Critical Assesments, Vol. 2 (From Philosophical Investigations to On Certainty: Wittgenstein’s Later Philosophy), Edited by Stuart Shanker, 106-124, London: Routledge, 1986.
  • Malcolm, Norman. Problems of Mind: Descartes to Wittgenstein, London: Routledge, 1971.
  • Marques, Antonio. “Anthropological Representations and Forms of Life in Wittgenstein”, İçinde Philosophical Anthropology: Wittgenstein’s Perspective, Edited by Jesus Padilla Galvez, 61-72, Ontos Verlag, 2010.
  • McGinn, Marie. Wittgenstein, Scepticism and Naturalism: Essays on the Later Philosophy, New York: Anthem Press, 2022.
  • Mishani-Uval, Yael. “‘Bring Words back from their Metaphysical to their Everday Use’ – Meaning in Life through Ordinary Language Use”, İçinde Psychoanalytic Investigations in Philosophy, Edited by Dorit Lemberger, 113-133, London and New York, Routledge, 2023.
  • Schroeder, Severin. Wittgenstein, The Way Out of the Fly-Bottle, Cambridge: Polity Press, 2006.
  • Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics, Translated by G.E.M. Anscombe, Cambridge: The M.I.T. Press, 1967.
  • Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, Çeviren Oruç Aruoba, İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2003.
  • Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Zettel, Çeviren Doğan Şahiner, İstanbul: Nisan Yayınları, 2004.
  • Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Felsefi Soruşturmalar, Çeviren Haluk Barışcan, İstanbul: Metis Yayınları, 2007. Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Kesinlik Üstüne, Çeviren Doğan Şahiner, İstanbul: Metis, 2009. Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Mavi Kitap, Çeviren Doğan Şahiner, İstanbul, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2011.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Systematic Philosophy (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ahmet Cüneyt Gültekin 0000-0002-0748-9334

Publication Date September 20, 2024
Submission Date June 30, 2024
Acceptance Date August 6, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 38

Cite

Chicago Gültekin, Ahmet Cüneyt. “WITTGENSTEIN’DA İDEAL DİL ELEŞTİRİSİ VE DOĞAL TARİH”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 38 (September 2024): 179-97. https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1507412.

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