According to Russell, we can categorise all our knowledge in basically two different forms: Knowledge of Experience and Knowledge of Inference. The first of these consists of direct sense data and we cannot speak of any inference process in this type of knowledge. The second is knowledge derived through syntactic rules and logical relations from propositions based on sense data in the first stage. While the truth or falsity of inferential knowledge is determined in accordance with the rules of logic in the relation between premise and conclusion, the truth or falsity of experiential knowledge is determined according to the relation of the proposition expressed with the facts. From this point of view, truth and falsity are not only properties of things or states of mind, but also of propositions that express beliefs about things, and thus arise in the relationship between experience and the external world.
Russell’a göre bütün bilgimizi temelde iki farklı şekilde sınıflandırabiliriz: Deneyim Bilgisi ve Çıkarım Bilgisi. Bunlardan ilki, doğrudan duyu verilerinden oluşur ve bu bilgi türünde herhangi bir çıkarım sürecinden söz edemeyiz. İkincisi ise, ilk aşamada duyu verileri üzerine kurulmuş önermelerden, sözdizimsel kurallar ve mantıksal ilişkiler aracılığıyla türetilmiş bilgilerdir. Çıkarım bilgisinin doğruluğu ya da yanlışlığı, öncül-sonuç ilişkisinde mantık kuralları doğrultusunda belirlenirken; deneyim bilgisinin doğruluğu ya da yanlışlığı, dile getirilen önermenin olgular ile olan ilişkisine göre belirlenir. Bu açıdan doğruluk ve yanlışlık, yalnızca şeylerin ya da zihin durumlarının değil; şeyler hakkındaki inançları dile getiren önermelerin bir özelliğidir, dolayısıyla deneyim-dış dünya ilişkisinde ortaya çıkar.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Epistemology |
Journal Section | Research Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | December 16, 2024 |
Submission Date | June 14, 2024 |
Acceptance Date | November 16, 2024 |
Published in Issue | Year 2024 Issue: 39 |
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