Research Article
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BEYOND CLASSICAL ONTOLOGY: THE ONTOLOGICAL INTERVENTION OF ACTOR-NETWORK THEORY

Year 2025, Issue: 41, 151 - 170, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1728045

Abstract

This article argues that the explanatory power of classical ontology based on essentialist and dualistic structures has significantly diminished in the social sciences and approaches Actor-Network Theory (ANT) not merely as a methodological strategy but as a radical ontological intervention. Based on theoretical analysis, this study emphasises that ANT’s frequent treatment in the literature at the methodological level often obscures its relational and process-oriented ontological contributions, aiming to address this theoretical gap. Drawing on ANT’s core concepts, such as ontological symmetry, relational networks and processuality, the article demonstrates that ANT conceives of being not as a fixed essence but as a constantly reconstructed network of affective relations. The article evaluates ANT in comparison with classical ontology, critical realism, object-oriented ontology, and feminist epistemology, making visible the ontological assumptions, scopes and limitations of these approaches. Focusing on the interaction between human and non-human actors, it argues that ANT offers a unique contribution to contemporary ontological debates through its emphasis on ontological multiplicity and distributed subjectivity. In this respect, the study seeks to approach classical ontological questions from a new perspective and contribute to the theoretical permeability between philosophy and the social sciences.

References

  • Amsterdamska, Olga. “Surely You Are Joking, Monsieur Latour!” Science, Technology, & Human Values 15, No. 4 (1990): 495–504.
  • Barad, Karen. Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007.
  • Bhaskar, Roy. The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences. Brighton: Harvester Press, 1979.
  • Braidotti, Rosi. The Posthuman. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013.
  • Callon, Michel. “Some Elements of a Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St Brieuc Bay.” The Sociological Review 32 (1984): 196-233.
  • Callon, Michel. “The Role of Hybrid Communities in the Emergence of Society.” In Actor-Network Theory and After, ed. John Law and John Hassard, 207–223. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999.
  • Demir, Metin. "Laboratuar Yaşamının Antropolojisi: Bruno Latour un Bilim İncelemeleri ve Metafizik Sonuçları." Divan: Disiplinlerarası Çalışmalar Dergisi 36 (2014): 145-196.
  • Descartes, René. Meditations on First Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
  • Foucault, Michel. “The Subject and Power.” Power: Essential Works of Foucault, 1954–1984, Vol. 3. New York: New Press (2000): 326–348.
  • Habermas, Jürgen. The Theory of Communicative Action. Vol. I: Reason and the Rationalization of Society. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1984.
  • Haraway, Donna J. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. New York: Routledge, 1991.
  • Haraway, Donna J. “Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective.” Women, Science, and Technology, New York: Routledge (2013): 455–472.
  • Harman, Graham. Prince of Networks: Bruno Latour and Metaphysics. Melbourne: re.press, 2009.
  • Hegel, G. W. F. Phenomenology of Spirit. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.
  • Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Pure Reason. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
  • Latour, Bruno. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Latour, Bruno. Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987.
  • Latour, Bruno. The Pasteurization of France. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (1993a).
  • Latour, Bruno. We Have Never Been Modern. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (1993b).
  • Law, John. After Method: Mess in Social Science Research. London: Routledge, 2004.
  • Law, John. “After ANT: Complexity, Naming and Topology.” Actor-Network Theory and After. Ed. John Law ve John Hassard. Oxford: Blackwell (1999): 1–14.
  • Mol, Annemarie. The Body Multiple: Ontology in Medical Practice. Durham: Duke University Press, 2002.
  • Mol, Annemarie. “Ontological Politics: A Word and Some Questions.” In Actor-Network Theory and After. Ed. John Law ve John Hassard, Oxford: Blackwell (1999): 74–89.
  • Suchman, Lucy A. Human–Machine Reconfigurations: Plans and Situated Actions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Umut, Tuba Nur. “Teknoloji İnsan Tasavvurunu Dönüştürebilir Mi? Siborg Manifestosu ve Aktör-Ağ Kuramı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme.” Düşünce Bilimleri: Klasik Sorunlar-Güncel Tartışmalar (2018), 183-190.

KLASİK ONTOLOJİNİN ÖTESİNDE: AKTÖR-AĞ TEORİSİ’NİN ONTOLOJİK MÜDAHALESİ

Year 2025, Issue: 41, 151 - 170, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1728045

Abstract

Bu makale, klasik ontolojinin özcü ve ikili yapılar üzerine kurulu varlık tasarımının sosyal bilimlerdeki açıklayıcılığını büyük ölçüde yitirdiğini ileri sürerek, Aktör-Ağ Teorisi’ni (AAT) yalnızca yöntemsel bir strateji değil aynı zamanda radikal bir ontolojik müdahale olarak ele almaktadır. Kuramsal çözümlemeye dayanan bu çalışma, AAT’nin literatürde çoğunlukla yöntem düzeyinde ele alınmasının teorinin ilişkisel ve süreç temelli ontolojik katkılarını görünmez kıldığına dikkat çekmekte ve bu kuramsal boşluğu gidermeyi amaçlamaktadır. AAT’nin ontolojik simetri, ilişkisel ağlar ve süreçsellik gibi temel kavramları doğrultusunda, varlık sabit özlerden ziyade sürekli yeniden inşa edilen etki ilişkileri ağı olarak kavranmaktadır. Makale AAT’yi klasik ontoloji, eleştirel realizm, nesne yönelimli ontoloji ve feminist epistemolojiyle karşılaştırmalı biçimde değerlendirerek söz konusu yaklaşımların ontolojik varsayımlarını, açıklık alanlarını ve sınırlılıklarını görünür kılmaktadır. İnsan ile insan olmayan aktörler arasındaki etkileşimi merkeze alan AAT’nin, ontolojik çoğulluk ve dağıtılmış faillik/öznellik anlayışıyla çağdaş ontoloji tartışmalarına özgün bir katkı sunduğu savunulmaktadır. Bu yönüyle çalışma, klasik ontolojik sorulara yeni bir perspektiften yaklaşmayı önerirken sosyal bilimler ile felsefe arasındaki kuramsal geçişkenliğe katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

References

  • Amsterdamska, Olga. “Surely You Are Joking, Monsieur Latour!” Science, Technology, & Human Values 15, No. 4 (1990): 495–504.
  • Barad, Karen. Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007.
  • Bhaskar, Roy. The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences. Brighton: Harvester Press, 1979.
  • Braidotti, Rosi. The Posthuman. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013.
  • Callon, Michel. “Some Elements of a Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St Brieuc Bay.” The Sociological Review 32 (1984): 196-233.
  • Callon, Michel. “The Role of Hybrid Communities in the Emergence of Society.” In Actor-Network Theory and After, ed. John Law and John Hassard, 207–223. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999.
  • Demir, Metin. "Laboratuar Yaşamının Antropolojisi: Bruno Latour un Bilim İncelemeleri ve Metafizik Sonuçları." Divan: Disiplinlerarası Çalışmalar Dergisi 36 (2014): 145-196.
  • Descartes, René. Meditations on First Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
  • Foucault, Michel. “The Subject and Power.” Power: Essential Works of Foucault, 1954–1984, Vol. 3. New York: New Press (2000): 326–348.
  • Habermas, Jürgen. The Theory of Communicative Action. Vol. I: Reason and the Rationalization of Society. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1984.
  • Haraway, Donna J. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. New York: Routledge, 1991.
  • Haraway, Donna J. “Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective.” Women, Science, and Technology, New York: Routledge (2013): 455–472.
  • Harman, Graham. Prince of Networks: Bruno Latour and Metaphysics. Melbourne: re.press, 2009.
  • Hegel, G. W. F. Phenomenology of Spirit. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.
  • Kant, Immanuel. Critique of Pure Reason. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
  • Latour, Bruno. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Latour, Bruno. Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers Through Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987.
  • Latour, Bruno. The Pasteurization of France. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (1993a).
  • Latour, Bruno. We Have Never Been Modern. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (1993b).
  • Law, John. After Method: Mess in Social Science Research. London: Routledge, 2004.
  • Law, John. “After ANT: Complexity, Naming and Topology.” Actor-Network Theory and After. Ed. John Law ve John Hassard. Oxford: Blackwell (1999): 1–14.
  • Mol, Annemarie. The Body Multiple: Ontology in Medical Practice. Durham: Duke University Press, 2002.
  • Mol, Annemarie. “Ontological Politics: A Word and Some Questions.” In Actor-Network Theory and After. Ed. John Law ve John Hassard, Oxford: Blackwell (1999): 74–89.
  • Suchman, Lucy A. Human–Machine Reconfigurations: Plans and Situated Actions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Umut, Tuba Nur. “Teknoloji İnsan Tasavvurunu Dönüştürebilir Mi? Siborg Manifestosu ve Aktör-Ağ Kuramı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme.” Düşünce Bilimleri: Klasik Sorunlar-Güncel Tartışmalar (2018), 183-190.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Ontology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nazan Yeşilkaya 0000-0002-9628-3492

Publication Date September 15, 2025
Submission Date June 26, 2025
Acceptance Date August 24, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 41

Cite

Chicago Yeşilkaya, Nazan. “KLASİK ONTOLOJİNİN ÖTESİNDE: AKTÖR-AĞ TEORİSİ’NİN ONTOLOJİK MÜDAHALESİ”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 41 (September 2025): 151-70. https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1728045.

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