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RULE CONSEQUENTIALISM AS A MIDDLE GROUND BETWEEN MORAL ABSOLUTISM AND ACT CONSEQUENTIALISM

Year 2025, Issue: 40, 303 - 327, 28.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1577687

Abstract

A prominent view of normative ethics in contemporary moral philosophy is rule consequentialism. Although this view traces back to George Berkeley, it first came to the fore in the second half of the 20th century. This work deals with rule consequentialism as a middle ground between Kant’s moral absolutism and act consequentialism as defended by John Stuart Mill. In this work, first, rule consequentialism will be presented in relation to Kant’s deontological ethics and Mill’s utilitarianism. Then, two objections to rule consequentialism—the extensional equivalence objection and the contingency objection—and the responses to these objections suggested by rule consequentialists will be stated. Considering the responses to these two objections, first, it will be argued that these two objections are related to each other and that the problem of extensional equivalence reemerges, and second, certain suggestions for dealing with this new situation will be made.

References

  • Arneson, Richard. “Sophisticated Rule Consequentialism: Some Simple Objections.” Philosophical Issues, 15, no 1 (2005): 235–251.
  • Berkeley, George. Passive Obedience: or, the Christian Doctrine of Not Resisting the Supreme Power, Proved and Vindicated. 1712. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/ecco/004899015.0001.000/1:3?rgn=div1;view=fulltext. Erişim: 18.03.2023.
  • Brandt, Richard B. “Toward a Credible Form of Utilitarianism.” içinde Language of Conduct, editörler Hector~Neri Castañeda ve George Nakhnikian, 107–143. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1963.
  • Brandt, Richard B. “Some Merits of One Form of Rule – Utilitarianism.” içinde Morality, Utilitarianism, and Rights, 111–136. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. (Makalenin ilk yayımlanma yılı 1965)
  • Hooker, Brad. Ideal Code, Real World: A Rule-Consequentialist Theory of Morality. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
  • Hooker, Brad. “Reflective Equilibrium and Rule Consequentialism.” içinde Morality, Rules, and Consequences: A Critical Reader, editörler Brad Hooker, Elinor Mason ve Dale E. Miller, 222–238. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2000.
  • Hooker, Brad. “Rule-Consequentialism.” içinde The Blackwell Guide to Ethical Theory, editör Hugh LaFollette, 183–204. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2000.
  • Hooker, Brad. “Reply to Arneson and McIntyre.” Philosophical Issues 15, no 1 (2005): 264–281.
  • Hooker, Brad. “Rule Consequentialism.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2023). https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consequentialism-rule. Erişim: 17.03.2023.
  • Kagan, Shelly. Normative Ethics. Oxford: Westview Press, 1998.
  • Kant, Immanuel, Ahlak Metafiziğinin Temellendirilmesi. Çeviren İoanna Kuçuradi. Ankara: Türkiye Felsefe Kurumu, 2009. (İlk yayımlanma 1785)
  • Kant, Immanuel. “On a Supposed Right to Lie from Philanthropy.” içinde Practical Philosophy, editör ve çeviren Mary J. Gregor, 605–615. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. (İlk yayımlanma 1797)
  • McNaughton, David ve Rawling, Piers. “On Defending Deontology.” Ratio 11, no 2 (1998), 37–54.
  • Mill, John S. “Utilitarianism.” içinde Utilitarianism and On Liberty. 2. Baskı, editör Mary Warnock, 181–235. Cornwall: Blackwell Publishing, 2003. (İlk yayımlanma 1861)
  • Montague, Phillip. “Why Rule Consequentialism is not Superior to Ross-style Pluralism?” içinde Morality, Rules, and Consequences: A Critical Reader, editörler Brad Hooker, Elinor Mason ve Dale E. Miller, 203-211. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2000.
  • Ross, David, The Right and the Good. Editör Philip Stratton-Lake. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. (İlk yayımlanma 1930)
  • Smart, J. J. C. “Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism.” The Philosophical Quarterly 6, no 25 (1956): 344–354.
  • Smart, J. J. C. “Outline of a System of Utilitarian Ethics.” içinde Utilitarianism: For and Against, 3–74. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.
  • Williams, Bernard. Morality: An Introduction to Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. (İlk yayımlanma 1972)

AHLAKİ MUTLAKÇILIK VE EYLEM SONUÇÇULUĞU ARASINDA BİR SEÇENEK OLARAK KURAL SONUÇÇULUĞU

Year 2025, Issue: 40, 303 - 327, 28.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1577687

Abstract

Kural sonuççuluğu, çağdaş ahlak felsefesinde normatif etik tartışmaları içinde öne çıkan bir görüştür. Bu görüş, kökenleri George Berkeley’e kadar uzansa da, ancak 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında diğer normatif etik teoriler arasında önemli bir yer edinmiştir. Bu çalışma, Kant’ın ahlaki mutlakçılığı ile John Stuart Mill’in eylem sonuççuluğu arasında bir seçenek olarak kural sonuççuluğunu ele almaktadır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle, kural sonuççuluğu, Kant’ın deontolojik etiği ve Mill’in yararcılığıyla ilişkili olarak ortaya konacaktır. Sonrasında, kural sonuççuluğuna getirilen iki eleştiri -uzanımsal denklik eleştirisi ve olumsallık eleştirisi- ve bu eleştirilere kural sonuççularınca verilen yanıtlar açıklanacaktır. Bu iki eleştiriye verilen yanıtlar ışığında, öncelikle, eleştirilerin birbiriyle bağlantılı olduğu ve uzanımsal denklik sorununun yeniden ortaya çıkacağı savunulacak ve ikinci olarak, bu yeni duruma ilişkin çözümler sunulacaktır.

Thanks

Bu çalışmayla ilgili yorumlarını sunan Rumeysa Toklu ve Burhan Başarslan'a teşekkür ederim.

References

  • Arneson, Richard. “Sophisticated Rule Consequentialism: Some Simple Objections.” Philosophical Issues, 15, no 1 (2005): 235–251.
  • Berkeley, George. Passive Obedience: or, the Christian Doctrine of Not Resisting the Supreme Power, Proved and Vindicated. 1712. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/ecco/004899015.0001.000/1:3?rgn=div1;view=fulltext. Erişim: 18.03.2023.
  • Brandt, Richard B. “Toward a Credible Form of Utilitarianism.” içinde Language of Conduct, editörler Hector~Neri Castañeda ve George Nakhnikian, 107–143. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1963.
  • Brandt, Richard B. “Some Merits of One Form of Rule – Utilitarianism.” içinde Morality, Utilitarianism, and Rights, 111–136. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992. (Makalenin ilk yayımlanma yılı 1965)
  • Hooker, Brad. Ideal Code, Real World: A Rule-Consequentialist Theory of Morality. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
  • Hooker, Brad. “Reflective Equilibrium and Rule Consequentialism.” içinde Morality, Rules, and Consequences: A Critical Reader, editörler Brad Hooker, Elinor Mason ve Dale E. Miller, 222–238. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2000.
  • Hooker, Brad. “Rule-Consequentialism.” içinde The Blackwell Guide to Ethical Theory, editör Hugh LaFollette, 183–204. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2000.
  • Hooker, Brad. “Reply to Arneson and McIntyre.” Philosophical Issues 15, no 1 (2005): 264–281.
  • Hooker, Brad. “Rule Consequentialism.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2023). https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consequentialism-rule. Erişim: 17.03.2023.
  • Kagan, Shelly. Normative Ethics. Oxford: Westview Press, 1998.
  • Kant, Immanuel, Ahlak Metafiziğinin Temellendirilmesi. Çeviren İoanna Kuçuradi. Ankara: Türkiye Felsefe Kurumu, 2009. (İlk yayımlanma 1785)
  • Kant, Immanuel. “On a Supposed Right to Lie from Philanthropy.” içinde Practical Philosophy, editör ve çeviren Mary J. Gregor, 605–615. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. (İlk yayımlanma 1797)
  • McNaughton, David ve Rawling, Piers. “On Defending Deontology.” Ratio 11, no 2 (1998), 37–54.
  • Mill, John S. “Utilitarianism.” içinde Utilitarianism and On Liberty. 2. Baskı, editör Mary Warnock, 181–235. Cornwall: Blackwell Publishing, 2003. (İlk yayımlanma 1861)
  • Montague, Phillip. “Why Rule Consequentialism is not Superior to Ross-style Pluralism?” içinde Morality, Rules, and Consequences: A Critical Reader, editörler Brad Hooker, Elinor Mason ve Dale E. Miller, 203-211. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2000.
  • Ross, David, The Right and the Good. Editör Philip Stratton-Lake. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. (İlk yayımlanma 1930)
  • Smart, J. J. C. “Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism.” The Philosophical Quarterly 6, no 25 (1956): 344–354.
  • Smart, J. J. C. “Outline of a System of Utilitarian Ethics.” içinde Utilitarianism: For and Against, 3–74. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.
  • Williams, Bernard. Morality: An Introduction to Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. (İlk yayımlanma 1972)
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Ethics
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ferhat Yöney 0000-0002-0965-7637

Publication Date May 28, 2025
Submission Date November 1, 2024
Acceptance Date February 25, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 40

Cite

Chicago Yöney, Ferhat. “AHLAKİ MUTLAKÇILIK VE EYLEM SONUÇÇULUĞU ARASINDA BİR SEÇENEK OLARAK KURAL SONUÇÇULUĞU”. FLSF Felsefe Ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 40 (May 2025): 303-27. https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1577687.

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