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The Contribution of Arab Muslims to the Provencal Lyrical Poetry: The Troubadours in the Twelfth Century

Year 2022, , 953 - 970, 29.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.55666/folklor.1149566

Abstract

This study is a historical-analytical attempt to demonstrate the influence and contribution of Arab Islamic mawashahat and zajal on the Provencal lyrical poets – the Troubadours that sprang in south of France during the eleventh century. The study consists of three parts in which the first part represents the main part. It sheds light on the influence of muwashashah and zajal on the poetry of troubadours. The second part deals with the nature of troubadours and their relation with the poetry of muwashashah and zajal. It is supported with five troubadour poets. The last part goes back to the beginning of the European Renaissance in the twelfth century. The European Renaissance started in Italy decades after translations of Islamic heritage, literature and science from Arabic into Latin then from Latin to other European languages. The eighth through the eleventh centuries witnessed the glorious ages of Islamic civilization and sciences in which great portion of it was shifted to Italy during and after the crusades. Thence, different parts of Europe were enlivened with the movement of translation and multi travels and cultural exchange. One of the changing factors is poetry as a branch of literature.

References

  • AL-BAHAARIU, Y. T. S. (2008). Al-muearadat fi al-Shier al-'Andalusii Dirasat Naqdiat Muazanatan. Bayrut: Dar al-Kutub al-Eilmia.
  • AL-BAYWMI, M. R. (1980). Al-Adib al-Andilsiu bayn Alta'athur Waltaathir, 'Iidara al-Thaqafat Walnashr bi-Jamieat al-Amamimuhamad bin Sueud al-'Iislamia.
  • AL-MANSURI, A. M. M. (2004). Al-Muashihat al-'Andalusiat bayn Naqidayha Qadiman Wahadithan. Sanea': Wizarat al-Thaqafat Walsiyaha.
  • BAALABAKI, M. (1992). Al-Mawrid: A Modern English-Arabic Dictionary. Beirut: Dar El-Ilm Lil-Malayen.
  • BAKER, D. (1973). Relations between East and West in the Middle Ages. Edinburgh: Edinburg University Press.
  • BERNARD, L. (2002). The Arabs in History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • BONNER, A. (1972). Songs of the Troubadours. New York: Schocken Books.
  • CACHIA, P. (2004). Arabic Literature: An Overview. London: Routledge Curzon Taylor and Francis Group.
  • CHAYTOR, H. J. (1912). The Trobadors. Cambridge: The University Press.
  • CLARK, D. L. (1922). Rhetoric and Poetry in the Renaissance. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • CLIFFORD, B. R. (2002). The Decline and Fall of Medieval Sicily: Politics, Religion, and Economy in the Reign of Fredrick III, 1296-1337. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • CUDDON, J. A. (1998). A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. Delhi: Doba House.
  • DAHAMI, Y. S. H. (2015). “The Contribution of Arab Muslims to the Provencal Lyrical Poetry: The Troubadours in the Twelfth Century”. Journal of Arts, C. 27, S. 1, 1-20.
  • GAUNT, S. & Kay, S. (1999). The Trobadors: An Introduction. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • HAINES, J. (2004). Eight Centuries of Trobadors and Trouveres: The Changing Identity of Medieval Music. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • HITTI, P. K. (1964). History of the Arabs. London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd. Hollister, W. C. (1969). The Twelfth-Century Renaissance. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
  • HORNBY, A. S. (1988). Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • JARAR, A. Y. I. (2007). Al-Harakat al-Shieriat fi al-'Andalsi, Dirasat Majistir. Nabulus: Jamieat al-Najah al-Wataniat Filistin.
  • KENNETH, H. W. (2003). The Era of the Crusades: Part I. Chantilly: The Teaching Company Limited Partnership.
  • LONG, W. J. (2004). English Literature: Its History and its Significance for the Life of the English-Speaking World. Illinois: The Project Gutenberg EBook.
  • MAIR, G. H. (1914). English Literature: Modern. Manchester: Hone University Library of Modern Knowledge.
  • MENOCAL, M. R. (1990). The Arabic Role in Medieval Literary Theory. England: University of Pennsylvania.
  • NARESH, C. (1985). The Literature of the English Renaissance. Delhi: Doaba House.
  • PEARSALL, J. (2001). The New Oxford Dictionary of English. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • PROVENCAL, L. (1994). Arabic Civilization in Spain. Dr. al-Taher Ahmad Maki (trans.). Cairo: Dar Al Ma‘aref.
  • ROGER, A. (2000). An Introduction to Arabic Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • RUUD, J. (2006). Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature. New York: Facts on Files Inc.
  • SAUNDERS, J. J. (1965). A History of Medieval Islam. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.
  • SUAYLM, S. F. A. (2001). Ealaqat al-'Iimarat al-'Umawiat fi al-'Andalus mae al-Mamalik al-Nasraniat fi 'Asbania (138-300 h. / 755-912 m.). Risalat Majistir, Nabuls: Filistin.
  • SULTAN, J. (1953). Al-Muashihat 'Iirth al-'Andalus al-Thamina. Dimashq.
  • WIENER, P. (1973). Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.

ARAP MÜSLÜMANLARIN PROVENSAL LİRİK ŞİİRE KATKISI: ON İKİNCİ YÜZYIL TROBADORLARI

Year 2022, , 953 - 970, 29.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.55666/folklor.1149566

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Arap-İslam kültürünün bir ürünü olan müveşşah ve zecel gibi şiir türlerinin, Provensal lirik şairler, yani on birinci yüzyılda Fransa’nın güneyinde ortaya çıkan trobadorlar üzerindeki etkisini ve bu şairlerin türe olan katkısını ortaya koymaya yönelik tarihsel-analitik bir denemedir. Çalışma, birinci bölümün ana bölümü oluşturduğu üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde; müveşşah ve zecel türlerinin, trobadorların şiirleri üzerindeki etkisine ışık tutmaktadır. İkinci bölüm, trobadorların doğası bağlamında onların müveşşah ve zecel türleri ile olan ilişkisini ele almaktadır. Bu ilişki, beş trobador şairden alınmış örneklerle ile desteklenmiştir. Son kısım ise on ikinci yüzyılda, Avrupa Rönesansı’nın başlangıcına kadar uzanan gelişimi ele almaktadır. Avrupa Rönesansı; İslamî mirasın, edebiyat ve bilim kaynaklarının Arapçadan Latinceye ve ardından Latinceden diğer Avrupa dillerine çevrilmesinden on yıllar kadar sonra İtalya’da başladı. Sekizinci yüzyıldan on birinci yüzyıla kadar olan dönem; İslam medeniyetinin ve biliminin görkemli çağlarının büyük bir kısmı, Haçlı Seferleri sırasında ve sonrasında İtalya’ya kaydırıldığına tanıklık etmiştir. Böylece Avrupa’nın farklı bölgeleri; çeviri akımı, çoklu seyahat ve kültür alışverişi ile hareketlendi. Bu sırada değişen ögelerden biri de bir edebiyat dalı olarak şiir oldu.

References

  • AL-BAHAARIU, Y. T. S. (2008). Al-muearadat fi al-Shier al-'Andalusii Dirasat Naqdiat Muazanatan. Bayrut: Dar al-Kutub al-Eilmia.
  • AL-BAYWMI, M. R. (1980). Al-Adib al-Andilsiu bayn Alta'athur Waltaathir, 'Iidara al-Thaqafat Walnashr bi-Jamieat al-Amamimuhamad bin Sueud al-'Iislamia.
  • AL-MANSURI, A. M. M. (2004). Al-Muashihat al-'Andalusiat bayn Naqidayha Qadiman Wahadithan. Sanea': Wizarat al-Thaqafat Walsiyaha.
  • BAALABAKI, M. (1992). Al-Mawrid: A Modern English-Arabic Dictionary. Beirut: Dar El-Ilm Lil-Malayen.
  • BAKER, D. (1973). Relations between East and West in the Middle Ages. Edinburgh: Edinburg University Press.
  • BERNARD, L. (2002). The Arabs in History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • BONNER, A. (1972). Songs of the Troubadours. New York: Schocken Books.
  • CACHIA, P. (2004). Arabic Literature: An Overview. London: Routledge Curzon Taylor and Francis Group.
  • CHAYTOR, H. J. (1912). The Trobadors. Cambridge: The University Press.
  • CLARK, D. L. (1922). Rhetoric and Poetry in the Renaissance. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • CLIFFORD, B. R. (2002). The Decline and Fall of Medieval Sicily: Politics, Religion, and Economy in the Reign of Fredrick III, 1296-1337. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • CUDDON, J. A. (1998). A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. Delhi: Doba House.
  • DAHAMI, Y. S. H. (2015). “The Contribution of Arab Muslims to the Provencal Lyrical Poetry: The Troubadours in the Twelfth Century”. Journal of Arts, C. 27, S. 1, 1-20.
  • GAUNT, S. & Kay, S. (1999). The Trobadors: An Introduction. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • HAINES, J. (2004). Eight Centuries of Trobadors and Trouveres: The Changing Identity of Medieval Music. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • HITTI, P. K. (1964). History of the Arabs. London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd. Hollister, W. C. (1969). The Twelfth-Century Renaissance. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
  • HORNBY, A. S. (1988). Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
  • JARAR, A. Y. I. (2007). Al-Harakat al-Shieriat fi al-'Andalsi, Dirasat Majistir. Nabulus: Jamieat al-Najah al-Wataniat Filistin.
  • KENNETH, H. W. (2003). The Era of the Crusades: Part I. Chantilly: The Teaching Company Limited Partnership.
  • LONG, W. J. (2004). English Literature: Its History and its Significance for the Life of the English-Speaking World. Illinois: The Project Gutenberg EBook.
  • MAIR, G. H. (1914). English Literature: Modern. Manchester: Hone University Library of Modern Knowledge.
  • MENOCAL, M. R. (1990). The Arabic Role in Medieval Literary Theory. England: University of Pennsylvania.
  • NARESH, C. (1985). The Literature of the English Renaissance. Delhi: Doaba House.
  • PEARSALL, J. (2001). The New Oxford Dictionary of English. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • PROVENCAL, L. (1994). Arabic Civilization in Spain. Dr. al-Taher Ahmad Maki (trans.). Cairo: Dar Al Ma‘aref.
  • ROGER, A. (2000). An Introduction to Arabic Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • RUUD, J. (2006). Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature. New York: Facts on Files Inc.
  • SAUNDERS, J. J. (1965). A History of Medieval Islam. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.
  • SUAYLM, S. F. A. (2001). Ealaqat al-'Iimarat al-'Umawiat fi al-'Andalus mae al-Mamalik al-Nasraniat fi 'Asbania (138-300 h. / 755-912 m.). Risalat Majistir, Nabuls: Filistin.
  • SULTAN, J. (1953). Al-Muashihat 'Iirth al-'Andalus al-Thamina. Dimashq.
  • WIENER, P. (1973). Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies of Selected Pivotal Ideas. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Çeviri
Authors

Yahya Saleh Hasan Dahami This is me 0000-0003-0195-7878

Translators

Ramazan Volkan Çoban

Publication Date December 29, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Dahami, Y. S. H. (2022). ARAP MÜSLÜMANLARIN PROVENSAL LİRİK ŞİİRE KATKISI: ON İKİNCİ YÜZYIL TROBADORLARI (R. V. Çoban, Trans.). Folklor Akademi Dergisi, 5(3), 953-970. https://doi.org/10.55666/folklor.1149566