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Evaluation of toxic metals content and microbial contamination of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) prepared from local farms in Kushal and Layalestan regions (Lahijan city, north of Iran)

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 23 - 27, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.5152/FSER.2023.1243585

Abstract

Toxic metals are one of the important environmental contaminants that have been created for humans with the development of societies. These toxic metals with high stability and accumulative properties can cause many problems. Due to the low price of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and the high use of it by local people (North of Iran) in their meals, this study evaluated the contamination of parsley. Therefore, the amount of toxic metals including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in parsley prepared from local farms in Kushal and Layalestan regions (Lahijan city, North Iran) was evaluated. On the other hand, bacteria and fungi, which are also known as pathogens, are harmful to human health. Hence, all samples were evaluated for microbial contamination (total microbial count). For this purpose, three samples of parsley were prepared from each region (local farm), and the content of toxic metals and microbial contamination was investigated. The results showed that the samples of a farm had toxic metals and microbial contamination beyond the standard due to its proximity to the main road and the mine.

References

  • Ahandani, E. A., Terepoei, Z. A., Sheydaei, M., Akram, M., & Selamoglu, Z. (2022). Evaluation of Some Toxic Elements in the Soil of Langerud: Northern Iran. American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research, 17, 84-87.
  • Alinia-Ahandani, E., Alizadeh-Terepoei, Z., Sheydaei, M., & Peysepar-Balalami, F. (2020). Assessment of soil on some heavy metals and its pollution in Roodsar-Iran. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 28(5), 21977-21979.
  • Alinia-Ahandani, E., Sheydaei, M., Akram, M., Selamoglu, Z., Alizadeh-Terepoei, Z., & Alinia-Ahandani, M. (2021). Heavy Metals Concentrations in Some Roadsides with Different Traffic Volumes in Rasht City-Iran. Open Access Journal of Biogeneric Science and Research, 7(1), 1-4.
  • Anastopoulos, I., Bhatnagar, A., Bikiaris, D. N., & Kyzas, G. Z. (2017). Chitin adsorbents for toxic metals: a review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(1), 114.
  • Beuchat, L. R. (2002). Ecological factors influencing survival and growth of human pathogens on raw fruits and vegetables. Microbes and infection, 4(4), 413-423.
  • Blok, J. (2005). Environmental exposure of road borders to zinc. Science of the Total Environment, 348(1-3), 173-190.
  • Cannas, D., Loi, E., Serra, M., Firinu, D., Valera, P., & Zavattari, P. (2020). Relevance of essential trace elements in nutrition and drinking water for human health and autoimmune disease risk. Nutrients, 12(7), 2074.
  • Chen, T. B., Zheng, Y. M., Lei, M., Huang, Z. C., Wu, H. T., Chen, H., ... & Tian, Q. Z. (2005). Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface soils of urban parks in Beijing, China. Chemosphere, 60(4), 542-551.
  • Codex, F. A. O. (1995). Alimentarius, general requirements (food hygiene). Rome: FAO.
  • Domingo, J. L., & Marquès, M. (2021). The effects of some essential and toxic metals/metalloids in COVID-19: A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 152, 112161.
  • Edraki, M., Mousazadeh Moghaddampour, I., Banimahd Keivani, M., & Sheydaei, M. (2022). Characterization and antimicrobial properties of Matcha green tea. Chemical Review and Letters, 4(2), 120-129.
  • Ibenyassine, K., Mhand, R. A., Karamoko, Y., Anajjar, B., Chouibani, M., & Ennaji, M. M. (2007). Bacterial pathogens recovered from vegetables irrigated by wastewater in Morocco. Journal of environmental health, 69(10), 47-51.
  • Ibrahim, S. A., Ayivi, R. D., Zimmerman, T., Siddiqui, S. A., Altemimi, A. B., Fidan, H., ... & Bakhshayesh, R. V. (2021). Lactic acid bacteria as antimicrobial agents: Food safety and microbial food spoilage prevention. Foods, 10(12), 3131.
  • Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. standard 5272 - Microbiology of foods and food stuffs - detection and enumeration of total microbial count in food (2014).
  • Islam, M. S., & Hoque, M. F. (2014). Concentrations of heavy metals in vegetables around the industrial area of Dhaka city, Bangladesh and health risk assessment. International Food Research Journal, 21(6), 2121-2126.
  • Li, Q., Liu, J., & Gadd, G. M. (2020). Fungal bioremediation of soil co-contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 104(21), 8999-9008.
  • Olaimat, A. N., & Holley, R. A. (2012). Factors influencing the microbial safety of fresh produce: a review. Food microbiology, 32(1), 1-19.
  • Satellites.pro/Iran_map#37.195523,50.078988,17
  • Satellites.pro/Iran_map#37.202493,50.081692,15
  • Satellites.pro/Iran_map#37.232531,50.054955,15
  • Sevim, Ç., Doğan, E., & Comakli, S. (2020). Cardiovascular disease and toxic metals. Current Opinion in Toxicology, 19, 88-92.
  • Sharma, P., Gaur, V. K., Kim, S. H., & Pandey, A. (2020). Microbial strategies for bio-transforming food waste into resources. Bioresource technology, 299, 122580.
  • Sheydaei, M. (2022). Sodium sulfide-based polysulfide polymers: synthesis, cure, thermal and mechanical properties. Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 43(6), 643-654.
  • Sheydaei, M., & Alinia-Ahandani, E. (2021). Breast cancer and the role of polymer-carriers in treatment. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 34(5), 27057-27061.
  • Sheydaei, M., Alinia-Ahandani, E., Selamoglu, Z., Alizadeh-Terepoei, Z., & Boghozian-Gharghani, A. (2020). Some Heavy Metals in Different Parts of Consumed Chickens in Lahijan City-Iran; Health Risk Assessment. Open Access Journal of Biogeneric Science and Research, 6(1), 1-4.
  • Sheydaei, M., Ghiasvandnia, P., Edraki, M., & Sheidaie, M. (2022). Investigation of toxic metals content of parsley (petroselinum crispum) obtained from local farms in Baz Kia Gorab region (Lahijan city, north of Iran). Journal of Chemistry Letters, 3, 114-118.
  • Soltan Dallal, M. M., Shojaei, Z. M., Vahedi, S., Mahmoudi, H., Ghanbarzadeh, S., & Hedayati Rad, F. (2016). A Survey of Escherichia Coli, Enterococcus and Total Microbial Count of Packaged and Non-Packaged Fresh Vegetables in Tehran. Journal of Payavard Salamat, 10, 220-229.
  • Soni, A., Dixit, Y., Reis, M., & Brightwell, G. (2022). Hyperspectral imaging and machine learning in food microbiology: Developments and challenges in detection of bacterial, fungal, and viral contaminants. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 21(4), 3717-3745.
  • Thakali, A., & MacRae, J.D. (2021). A review of chemical and microbial contamination in food: What are the threats to a circular food system?. Environmental research, 194, 110635.
  • www.google.com/maps/place/Layalestan,+Gilan+Province/@37.2124763,50.0605327,13.75z/data
  • Yaashikaa, P. R., Priyanka, B., Kumar, P. S., Karishma, S., Jeevanantham, S., & Indraganti, S. (2022). A review on recent advancements in recovery of valuable and toxic metals from e-waste using bioleaching approach. Chemosphere, 287, 132230

Evaluation of toxic metals content and microbial contamination of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) prepared from local farms in Kushal and Layalestan regions (Lahijan city, north of Iran)

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 23 - 27, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.5152/FSER.2023.1243585

Abstract

Toxic metals are one of the important environmental contaminants that have been created for humans with the development of societies. These toxic metals with high stability and accumulative properties can cause many problems. Due to the low price of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and the high use of it by local people (North of Iran) in their meals, this study evaluated the contamination of parsley. Therefore, the amount of toxic metals including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in parsley prepared from local farms in Kushal and Layalestan regions (Lahijan city, North Iran) was evaluated. On the other hand, bacteria and fungi, which are also known as pathogens, are harmful to human health. Hence, all samples were evaluated for microbial contamination (total microbial count). For this purpose, three samples of parsley were prepared from each region (local farm), and the content of toxic metals and microbial contamination was investigated. The results showed that the samples of a farm had toxic metals and microbial contamination beyond the standard due to its proximity to the main road and the mine.

References

  • Ahandani, E. A., Terepoei, Z. A., Sheydaei, M., Akram, M., & Selamoglu, Z. (2022). Evaluation of Some Toxic Elements in the Soil of Langerud: Northern Iran. American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research, 17, 84-87.
  • Alinia-Ahandani, E., Alizadeh-Terepoei, Z., Sheydaei, M., & Peysepar-Balalami, F. (2020). Assessment of soil on some heavy metals and its pollution in Roodsar-Iran. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 28(5), 21977-21979.
  • Alinia-Ahandani, E., Sheydaei, M., Akram, M., Selamoglu, Z., Alizadeh-Terepoei, Z., & Alinia-Ahandani, M. (2021). Heavy Metals Concentrations in Some Roadsides with Different Traffic Volumes in Rasht City-Iran. Open Access Journal of Biogeneric Science and Research, 7(1), 1-4.
  • Anastopoulos, I., Bhatnagar, A., Bikiaris, D. N., & Kyzas, G. Z. (2017). Chitin adsorbents for toxic metals: a review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(1), 114.
  • Beuchat, L. R. (2002). Ecological factors influencing survival and growth of human pathogens on raw fruits and vegetables. Microbes and infection, 4(4), 413-423.
  • Blok, J. (2005). Environmental exposure of road borders to zinc. Science of the Total Environment, 348(1-3), 173-190.
  • Cannas, D., Loi, E., Serra, M., Firinu, D., Valera, P., & Zavattari, P. (2020). Relevance of essential trace elements in nutrition and drinking water for human health and autoimmune disease risk. Nutrients, 12(7), 2074.
  • Chen, T. B., Zheng, Y. M., Lei, M., Huang, Z. C., Wu, H. T., Chen, H., ... & Tian, Q. Z. (2005). Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface soils of urban parks in Beijing, China. Chemosphere, 60(4), 542-551.
  • Codex, F. A. O. (1995). Alimentarius, general requirements (food hygiene). Rome: FAO.
  • Domingo, J. L., & Marquès, M. (2021). The effects of some essential and toxic metals/metalloids in COVID-19: A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 152, 112161.
  • Edraki, M., Mousazadeh Moghaddampour, I., Banimahd Keivani, M., & Sheydaei, M. (2022). Characterization and antimicrobial properties of Matcha green tea. Chemical Review and Letters, 4(2), 120-129.
  • Ibenyassine, K., Mhand, R. A., Karamoko, Y., Anajjar, B., Chouibani, M., & Ennaji, M. M. (2007). Bacterial pathogens recovered from vegetables irrigated by wastewater in Morocco. Journal of environmental health, 69(10), 47-51.
  • Ibrahim, S. A., Ayivi, R. D., Zimmerman, T., Siddiqui, S. A., Altemimi, A. B., Fidan, H., ... & Bakhshayesh, R. V. (2021). Lactic acid bacteria as antimicrobial agents: Food safety and microbial food spoilage prevention. Foods, 10(12), 3131.
  • Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. standard 5272 - Microbiology of foods and food stuffs - detection and enumeration of total microbial count in food (2014).
  • Islam, M. S., & Hoque, M. F. (2014). Concentrations of heavy metals in vegetables around the industrial area of Dhaka city, Bangladesh and health risk assessment. International Food Research Journal, 21(6), 2121-2126.
  • Li, Q., Liu, J., & Gadd, G. M. (2020). Fungal bioremediation of soil co-contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 104(21), 8999-9008.
  • Olaimat, A. N., & Holley, R. A. (2012). Factors influencing the microbial safety of fresh produce: a review. Food microbiology, 32(1), 1-19.
  • Satellites.pro/Iran_map#37.195523,50.078988,17
  • Satellites.pro/Iran_map#37.202493,50.081692,15
  • Satellites.pro/Iran_map#37.232531,50.054955,15
  • Sevim, Ç., Doğan, E., & Comakli, S. (2020). Cardiovascular disease and toxic metals. Current Opinion in Toxicology, 19, 88-92.
  • Sharma, P., Gaur, V. K., Kim, S. H., & Pandey, A. (2020). Microbial strategies for bio-transforming food waste into resources. Bioresource technology, 299, 122580.
  • Sheydaei, M. (2022). Sodium sulfide-based polysulfide polymers: synthesis, cure, thermal and mechanical properties. Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 43(6), 643-654.
  • Sheydaei, M., & Alinia-Ahandani, E. (2021). Breast cancer and the role of polymer-carriers in treatment. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 34(5), 27057-27061.
  • Sheydaei, M., Alinia-Ahandani, E., Selamoglu, Z., Alizadeh-Terepoei, Z., & Boghozian-Gharghani, A. (2020). Some Heavy Metals in Different Parts of Consumed Chickens in Lahijan City-Iran; Health Risk Assessment. Open Access Journal of Biogeneric Science and Research, 6(1), 1-4.
  • Sheydaei, M., Ghiasvandnia, P., Edraki, M., & Sheidaie, M. (2022). Investigation of toxic metals content of parsley (petroselinum crispum) obtained from local farms in Baz Kia Gorab region (Lahijan city, north of Iran). Journal of Chemistry Letters, 3, 114-118.
  • Soltan Dallal, M. M., Shojaei, Z. M., Vahedi, S., Mahmoudi, H., Ghanbarzadeh, S., & Hedayati Rad, F. (2016). A Survey of Escherichia Coli, Enterococcus and Total Microbial Count of Packaged and Non-Packaged Fresh Vegetables in Tehran. Journal of Payavard Salamat, 10, 220-229.
  • Soni, A., Dixit, Y., Reis, M., & Brightwell, G. (2022). Hyperspectral imaging and machine learning in food microbiology: Developments and challenges in detection of bacterial, fungal, and viral contaminants. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 21(4), 3717-3745.
  • Thakali, A., & MacRae, J.D. (2021). A review of chemical and microbial contamination in food: What are the threats to a circular food system?. Environmental research, 194, 110635.
  • www.google.com/maps/place/Layalestan,+Gilan+Province/@37.2124763,50.0605327,13.75z/data
  • Yaashikaa, P. R., Priyanka, B., Kumar, P. S., Karishma, S., Jeevanantham, S., & Indraganti, S. (2022). A review on recent advancements in recovery of valuable and toxic metals from e-waste using bioleaching approach. Chemosphere, 287, 132230
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Food Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Pegah Ghiasvandnia 0000-0002-5653-4744

Milad Sheydaei 0000-0002-2013-1871

Milad Edraki 0000-0001-6784-875X

Publication Date March 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ghiasvandnia, P., Sheydaei, M., & Edraki, M. (2023). Evaluation of toxic metals content and microbial contamination of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) prepared from local farms in Kushal and Layalestan regions (Lahijan city, north of Iran). Gıda Bilimi Ve Mühendisliği Araştırmaları, 2(1), 23-27. https://doi.org/10.5152/FSER.2023.1243585

Content of this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License
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