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Yağı Azaltılmış Sığır Eti Köftelerinde Yağ Yerine Kuruyemiş Kullanımının Fizikokimyasal, Dokusal ve Duyusal Etkileri

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 69 - 76, 15.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17359248

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, yağ ikamesi olarak öğütülmüş leblebi, fındık ve yer fıstığı kullanılarak üretilen köftelerin fizikokimyasal, tekstürel ve duyusal özellikleri incelenmiştir. Hayvansal yağın kuruyemişle ikame edilmesi köftelerin pH değerinde artışa sebebiyet verirken, nem içeriğinde azalmaya yol açmıştır (p<,05). Diğer yandan kuruyemiş ikameli köftelerin pişirme verimi kontrol grubu köftelerine kıyasla artmış, büzülme değerleri ise azalmıştır. Renk özelliklerinden L* değeri tüm gruplarda kuruyemiş kullanımıyla artmışken, a* değeri yalnızca yer fıstığı kullanılan köfterlerde artış göstermiştir (p<,05). Bununla birlikte b* değeri kuruyemiş kullanımından etkilenmemiştir (p>,05). Leblebi ve fındık kullanılarak üretilen köftelerde (LK ve FK) kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük TBARS değerleri tespit edilmiştir (p<,05). Ayrıca yer fıstığı kullanımı köftelerde daha yüksek TBARS değerlerine neden olmuştur (p<,05). Leblebi kullanımı daha yüksek sertlik ve daha düşük kohesivliğe, yer fıstığı kullanımı ise daha yumuşak ve yapışkan bir tekstüre yol açmış, çiğnenebilirlik değerleri ise kuruyemiş kullanımı ile artmıştır. Panelistler tarafından belirlenen en yüksek genel kabul edilebilirlik puanı leblebi kullanılan örneklerde bulunmuştur. Çalışma, kuruyemişlerin fonksiyonel yağ ikamesi olarak ürün kalitesine ve tüketici sağlığına katkıda bulunma potansiyelini ortaya koymaktadır.

References

  • Alasalvar, C., Shahidi, F., Liyanapathirana, C.M., & Ohshima, T. (2003). Turkish Tombul Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). 1. Compositional Characteristics. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(13), 3790-3796.
  • Alasalvar, C., Amaral, J.S., & Shahidi, F. (2006) Functional lipid characteristics of Turkish tombul hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, 10177–10183.
  • Almeida Costa, G.E., Queiroz-Monici, K.S., Reis, S.M.P.M., & Oliveira, A.C. (2006). Chemical composition, dietary fibre and resistant starch contents of raw and cooked pea, common bean, chickpea and lentil legumes. Food Chemistry, 94, 327–330.
  • Asimah, V. K., Kpodo, F. M., Adzinyo, O. A, & Dzah, C.S. (2016). Utilization of Brown Rice Flour and Peanut Paste in Cake Production. American Journal of Food Science and Technology, 4(5), 129-134.
  • Ataman, Ç., & Gül, H. (2020). Leblebi üretiminde yan ürün olarak açığa çıkan kırık leblebi ununun mufin kalitesi üzerine etkisi. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 3(4), 308-316
  • AOAC, (2005). Chapter 39. Meat and meat products. Official methods of analysis. Editor: Horwitz, W., Gaithersburg, MD: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
  • Chillo, S., Laverse, J., Falcone, P.M., & Del Nobile, M.A. (2008). Quality of spaghetti in base amaranthus wholemeal flour added with quinoa, broad bean and chickpea. Journal of Food Engineering, 84, 101–107
  • Choi, Y. S., Sung, J. M., Park, J. D., Hwang, K. E., Lee, C. W., Kim, T. K., Jeon, K. H., Kim, C. J., & Kim, Y. B. (2016). Quality and sensory characteristics of reduced fat chicken patties with pork back fat replaced by dietary fiber from wheat sprout. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources, 36(6), 799–806.
  • Cingöz, A., & Güldane, M. (2023). Gluten-Free Biscuit Production with Leblebi Powder Addition: TOPSIS Application. Turkish Journal of Agriculture -Food Science and Technology, 11(7), 1200-1209.
  • Coşkuner, Y., & Karababa, E. (2004). Leblebi: a roasted chickpea product as a traditional Turkish snack food. Food Reviews International, 20(3), 257-274.
  • FDA, US Food and Drug Administration (2004) Office of nutritional products. Labelling and dietary supplements. Qualified health claim: letter of enforcement discretion—walnuts and coronary heart disease. Docket no 02P-0292
  • Franco, D., Martins, A. J., López-Pedrouso, M., Cerqueira, M. A., Purriños, L., Pastrana, L. M., Vicente, A. A., Zapata, C., & Lorenzo, J. M. (2020). Evaluation of linseed oil oleogels to partially replace pork backfat in fermented sausages. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 100(1), 218–224.
  • Ilıkkan, H., Ercoşkun, H., Vural, H., & Şahin, E. (2009) The effect of addition of hazelnut oil on some quality characteristics of Turkish fermented sausage (sucuk). Journal of Muscle Foods, 20, 117–127. Kaynakcı, E., & Kılıç, B., (2009). Et Ürünlerinde Yeni Eğilimler: Daha Sağlıklı Ürün Geliştirme Çalışmaları. Akademik Gıda, 7(6), 52-59.
  • Kesen, S., Sonmezdag, A.S., Kelebek, H., & Selli, S. (2016). Ham ve Rafine Fındık Yağlarının Yağ Asitleri Bileşimi. Çukurova Tarım Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 31, 79-84.
  • Kirkyol, M., & Akköse, A., (2023). Effects of animal fat replacement with almond flour on quality parameters of beef patties. Food Science & Nutrition, 11, 7091–7099
  • Kırkyol, M., & Akköse, A. (2024). Et ürünlerinde yağ ikame maddelerinin kullanımı. GIDA, 49 (3), 478-503.
  • Lemon, D.W. (1975). An improved TBA test for rancidity new series circular. No:51. HalifaxLaboratory, Halifax, Nova Scatia.
  • Nacak, B., Öztürk-Kerimoğlu, B., Yıldız, D., Çağındı, Ö., & Serdaroğlu, M. (2021). Peanut and linseed oil emulsion gels as potential fat replacer in emulsified sausages. Meat Science, 176, 108464.
  • Özalp, B.B., & Kürklü, N. S. (2020). Fonksiyonel Bir Gıda: Yer Fıstığı ve Sağlığa Yararları. Akademik Gıda, 18(3), 323-330.
  • Öztürk-Kerimoğlu, B., Kavuşan, H. S., Benzer Gürel, D., Çağındı, Ö., & Serdaroğlu, M. (2021). Cold-set or hot-set emulsion gels consisted of a healthy oil blend to replace beef fat in heat-treated fermented sausages. Meat Science, 176, 108461.
  • Özülkü G., & Arıcı, M. (2017). Characterization of the reological and technologicalp rop erties of the frozen sourdough bread with chickpea flour addition. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 11(3), 1493-1500.
  • Rajkumar, V., Das, A. K., & Verma, A. K. (2014). Effect of almond on technological, nutritional, textural and sensory characteristics of goat meat nuggets. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51(11), 3277–3284.
  • Saeed, S. M. G., Ali, S. A., Naz, J., Mirza, M., Elkhadragy, M. F., Yehia, H. M., & Giuffrè, A. M. (2023). Techno-functional, antioxidants, microstructural, and sensory characteristics of biscuits as affected by fat replacer using roasted and germinated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). International Journal of Food Properties, 26(1), 2055–2077.
  • Sağlam, H., & Seydim, A.C. (2017). Leblebi Üretiminde İkinci Kavurma Koşullarının Leblebi'nin Fizikokimyasal Özellikleri ve Duyusal Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(3), 279-292
  • Saygi, D., Ercoşkun, H. & Şahin, E. (2018). Hazelnut as functional food component and fat replacer in fermented sausage. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 55, 3385–3390.
  • Settaluri, V., Kandala, C., Puppala, N. & Sundaram, J. (2012). Peanuts and Their Nutritional Aspects—A Review. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 3(12), 1644-1650.
  • Sicherer, S. H., & Sampson, H. A. (2014). Food allergy: A review and update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and management. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 133(2), 291-307.
  • Suleman, D., Bashir, S., Hassan Shah, F. U., Ikram, A., Zia Shahid, M., Tufail, T., Khan, A.A., Ahsan, F., Ambreen, S., Raza, A., & Hassan Mohamed, M. (2023). Nutritional and functional properties of cookies enriched with defatted peanut cake flour. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 9(1).
  • Şahin, M., Odabaş, E., & Çakmak, H. (2022). Kırık leblebiden elde edilen unun glutensiz erişte üretiminde değerlendirilmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(2), 260-267.
  • Şimsek, A., & Aykut, A. (2007). Evaluation of the microelement profile of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) varieties for human nutrition and health. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 58, 677–688
  • Yıldız-Turp, G., & Serdaroğlu, M. (2008). Effect of replacing beef fat with hazelnut oil on quality characteristics of sucuk—a Turkish fermented sausage. Meat Science, 78, 447–454.
  • Yılmaz, B., & Şahin, S. (2022). Hazelnut-based Functional Products. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 44(5), 1103-1113.
  • Wang, X-X., Wang, L-Y., Li, S-M., & Zhou, Z-K. (2024). Amelioration of tiger nut insoluble dietary fiber as a partial substitute for fat in meat emulsions: Techno-functional properties and in vitro protein digestibility. Food Research International, 197(1), 115167.
  • Zhao, S., Zhang, L., Gao, P., & Shao, Z. (2009). Isolation and Characterisation of the Isoflavones from Sprouted ChickpeaSeeds. Food Chemistry, 114(3), 869–873.

Year 2025, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 69 - 76, 15.10.2025
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17359248

Abstract

References

  • Alasalvar, C., Shahidi, F., Liyanapathirana, C.M., & Ohshima, T. (2003). Turkish Tombul Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). 1. Compositional Characteristics. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(13), 3790-3796.
  • Alasalvar, C., Amaral, J.S., & Shahidi, F. (2006) Functional lipid characteristics of Turkish tombul hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, 10177–10183.
  • Almeida Costa, G.E., Queiroz-Monici, K.S., Reis, S.M.P.M., & Oliveira, A.C. (2006). Chemical composition, dietary fibre and resistant starch contents of raw and cooked pea, common bean, chickpea and lentil legumes. Food Chemistry, 94, 327–330.
  • Asimah, V. K., Kpodo, F. M., Adzinyo, O. A, & Dzah, C.S. (2016). Utilization of Brown Rice Flour and Peanut Paste in Cake Production. American Journal of Food Science and Technology, 4(5), 129-134.
  • Ataman, Ç., & Gül, H. (2020). Leblebi üretiminde yan ürün olarak açığa çıkan kırık leblebi ununun mufin kalitesi üzerine etkisi. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 3(4), 308-316
  • AOAC, (2005). Chapter 39. Meat and meat products. Official methods of analysis. Editor: Horwitz, W., Gaithersburg, MD: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
  • Chillo, S., Laverse, J., Falcone, P.M., & Del Nobile, M.A. (2008). Quality of spaghetti in base amaranthus wholemeal flour added with quinoa, broad bean and chickpea. Journal of Food Engineering, 84, 101–107
  • Choi, Y. S., Sung, J. M., Park, J. D., Hwang, K. E., Lee, C. W., Kim, T. K., Jeon, K. H., Kim, C. J., & Kim, Y. B. (2016). Quality and sensory characteristics of reduced fat chicken patties with pork back fat replaced by dietary fiber from wheat sprout. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources, 36(6), 799–806.
  • Cingöz, A., & Güldane, M. (2023). Gluten-Free Biscuit Production with Leblebi Powder Addition: TOPSIS Application. Turkish Journal of Agriculture -Food Science and Technology, 11(7), 1200-1209.
  • Coşkuner, Y., & Karababa, E. (2004). Leblebi: a roasted chickpea product as a traditional Turkish snack food. Food Reviews International, 20(3), 257-274.
  • FDA, US Food and Drug Administration (2004) Office of nutritional products. Labelling and dietary supplements. Qualified health claim: letter of enforcement discretion—walnuts and coronary heart disease. Docket no 02P-0292
  • Franco, D., Martins, A. J., López-Pedrouso, M., Cerqueira, M. A., Purriños, L., Pastrana, L. M., Vicente, A. A., Zapata, C., & Lorenzo, J. M. (2020). Evaluation of linseed oil oleogels to partially replace pork backfat in fermented sausages. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 100(1), 218–224.
  • Ilıkkan, H., Ercoşkun, H., Vural, H., & Şahin, E. (2009) The effect of addition of hazelnut oil on some quality characteristics of Turkish fermented sausage (sucuk). Journal of Muscle Foods, 20, 117–127. Kaynakcı, E., & Kılıç, B., (2009). Et Ürünlerinde Yeni Eğilimler: Daha Sağlıklı Ürün Geliştirme Çalışmaları. Akademik Gıda, 7(6), 52-59.
  • Kesen, S., Sonmezdag, A.S., Kelebek, H., & Selli, S. (2016). Ham ve Rafine Fındık Yağlarının Yağ Asitleri Bileşimi. Çukurova Tarım Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 31, 79-84.
  • Kirkyol, M., & Akköse, A., (2023). Effects of animal fat replacement with almond flour on quality parameters of beef patties. Food Science & Nutrition, 11, 7091–7099
  • Kırkyol, M., & Akköse, A. (2024). Et ürünlerinde yağ ikame maddelerinin kullanımı. GIDA, 49 (3), 478-503.
  • Lemon, D.W. (1975). An improved TBA test for rancidity new series circular. No:51. HalifaxLaboratory, Halifax, Nova Scatia.
  • Nacak, B., Öztürk-Kerimoğlu, B., Yıldız, D., Çağındı, Ö., & Serdaroğlu, M. (2021). Peanut and linseed oil emulsion gels as potential fat replacer in emulsified sausages. Meat Science, 176, 108464.
  • Özalp, B.B., & Kürklü, N. S. (2020). Fonksiyonel Bir Gıda: Yer Fıstığı ve Sağlığa Yararları. Akademik Gıda, 18(3), 323-330.
  • Öztürk-Kerimoğlu, B., Kavuşan, H. S., Benzer Gürel, D., Çağındı, Ö., & Serdaroğlu, M. (2021). Cold-set or hot-set emulsion gels consisted of a healthy oil blend to replace beef fat in heat-treated fermented sausages. Meat Science, 176, 108461.
  • Özülkü G., & Arıcı, M. (2017). Characterization of the reological and technologicalp rop erties of the frozen sourdough bread with chickpea flour addition. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 11(3), 1493-1500.
  • Rajkumar, V., Das, A. K., & Verma, A. K. (2014). Effect of almond on technological, nutritional, textural and sensory characteristics of goat meat nuggets. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51(11), 3277–3284.
  • Saeed, S. M. G., Ali, S. A., Naz, J., Mirza, M., Elkhadragy, M. F., Yehia, H. M., & Giuffrè, A. M. (2023). Techno-functional, antioxidants, microstructural, and sensory characteristics of biscuits as affected by fat replacer using roasted and germinated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). International Journal of Food Properties, 26(1), 2055–2077.
  • Sağlam, H., & Seydim, A.C. (2017). Leblebi Üretiminde İkinci Kavurma Koşullarının Leblebi'nin Fizikokimyasal Özellikleri ve Duyusal Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(3), 279-292
  • Saygi, D., Ercoşkun, H. & Şahin, E. (2018). Hazelnut as functional food component and fat replacer in fermented sausage. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 55, 3385–3390.
  • Settaluri, V., Kandala, C., Puppala, N. & Sundaram, J. (2012). Peanuts and Their Nutritional Aspects—A Review. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 3(12), 1644-1650.
  • Sicherer, S. H., & Sampson, H. A. (2014). Food allergy: A review and update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and management. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 133(2), 291-307.
  • Suleman, D., Bashir, S., Hassan Shah, F. U., Ikram, A., Zia Shahid, M., Tufail, T., Khan, A.A., Ahsan, F., Ambreen, S., Raza, A., & Hassan Mohamed, M. (2023). Nutritional and functional properties of cookies enriched with defatted peanut cake flour. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 9(1).
  • Şahin, M., Odabaş, E., & Çakmak, H. (2022). Kırık leblebiden elde edilen unun glutensiz erişte üretiminde değerlendirilmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(2), 260-267.
  • Şimsek, A., & Aykut, A. (2007). Evaluation of the microelement profile of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) varieties for human nutrition and health. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 58, 677–688
  • Yıldız-Turp, G., & Serdaroğlu, M. (2008). Effect of replacing beef fat with hazelnut oil on quality characteristics of sucuk—a Turkish fermented sausage. Meat Science, 78, 447–454.
  • Yılmaz, B., & Şahin, S. (2022). Hazelnut-based Functional Products. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 44(5), 1103-1113.
  • Wang, X-X., Wang, L-Y., Li, S-M., & Zhou, Z-K. (2024). Amelioration of tiger nut insoluble dietary fiber as a partial substitute for fat in meat emulsions: Techno-functional properties and in vitro protein digestibility. Food Research International, 197(1), 115167.
  • Zhao, S., Zhang, L., Gao, P., & Shao, Z. (2009). Isolation and Characterisation of the Isoflavones from Sprouted ChickpeaSeeds. Food Chemistry, 114(3), 869–873.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Meat Technology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mine Kırkyol

Publication Date October 15, 2025
Submission Date August 12, 2025
Acceptance Date October 6, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kırkyol, M. (2025). Yağı Azaltılmış Sığır Eti Köftelerinde Yağ Yerine Kuruyemiş Kullanımının Fizikokimyasal, Dokusal ve Duyusal Etkileri. Gıda Bilimi Ve Mühendisliği Araştırmaları, 4(2), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17359248

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