Empirical Analysis of The Competitiveness of High-Tech Export Goods Based on Porter's Diamond Model

Abstract

Export-based growth strategies have led to increasing economic competition between countries. A country's global competitiveness is shaped by the influence of various factors, and determining these factors is of great importance. This study, which examines the determinants of competitiveness, is based on Porter's (1990) Diamond Model. In addition, three different models were developed in line with Dunning's (1992) contributions to Porter's Diamond Model and an alternative perspective. In this research, which covers Türkiye and 11 European Union member countries, annual data between 1995-2019 were used. In the study, the competitiveness index developed by Balassa was calculated for two different groups of goods that require high technology and are included in the Harmonized System. To explore the relationships among the variables, the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) method was applied. The empirical findings revealed that determinants such as market demand, resource conditions, industry support structures, competitive strategies, regulatory policies, and productivity levels have statistically significant both positive and negative effects on international competitiveness. In addition, it has been determined that the effects of these variables differ both across the examined commodity groups and countries.

Keywords

• International Competitiveness
• Porter’s Diamond Model
• Revealed Comparative Advantages
• Panel SUR

İleri Teknoloji Gerektiren İhraç Malların Rekabet Gücünün Porter'ın Elmas Modeline Dayanarak Ampirik Analizi

Öz

İhracata dayalı büyüme stratejileri, ülkeler arasındaki ekonomik rekabetin giderek artmasına neden olmuştur. Bir ülkenin küresel rekabet gücü, çeşitli faktörlerin etkisiyle şekillenmekte olup, bu faktörlerin belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Rekabet gücünün belirleyici unsurlarının incelendiği bu çalışmada Porter’ın (1990) Elmas Modeli temel alınmıştır. Ayrıca, Dunning’in (1992) Porter’ın Elmas Modeli’ne sunduğu katkılar ve alternatif bir bakış açısı doğrultusunda üç farklı model geliştirilmiştir. Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği’ne üye 11 ülkeyi kapsayan bu araştırmada, 1995-2019 yılları arasındaki yıllık veriler kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, Harmonize Sistem kapsamında yer alan ve yüksek teknoloji gerektiren iki farklı mal grubu için Balassa tarafından geliştirilen rekabet gücü endeksi hesaplanmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek amacıyla Görünürde İlişkisiz Regresyon (SUR) yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Ulaşılan ampirik bulgular, pazar talebi, kaynak koşulları, endüstri destek yapıları, rekabet stratejileri, düzenleyici politikalar ve verimlilik düzeyleri gibi belirleyici unsurların uluslararası rekabet gücü üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı hem olumlu hem de olumsuz etkiler yarattığını ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, bu değişkenlerin etkilerinin hem incelenen mal grupları hem de ülkeler bazında farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uluslararası Rekabet Gücü
• Porter’ın Elmas Modeli
• Açıklanmış Karşılaştırmalı Üstünlükler
• Panel SUR

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