From Developmental and Industrialization to Neoliberal Premature Deindustrialization

Year 2018, , 71 - 102, 28.02.2018

Bayram Eşiyok

https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.2018.s1.003

Abstract

History of capitalism is the history of crises and reconstruction. After the second sharing, this period that will continue till the middle of 1970’s and be qualified as the golden age of capitalism is the most social period also as the result of the expansionary welfare State applications of capitalism. In the golden age of capitalism, as the result of import substitution industrialization strategy applied in the environmental countries, important structural transformations occurred in the production structure of many countries also including Turkey, and the share of industry increased significantly. The main actor was the state in the import substitution industrialization strategy applied in the environmental countries. Developmental state, using resource allocation for the productive sectors (primarily the production industry), important transformations were obtained in industry. By means of the selective industrial politics applied by the developmental state, many nearby countries the export structure of which depends on the agricultural products due to the production went up to the statute of industrial exporting country. As the result of the erosion observed in the productivity growth in the developer countries and stagflation escalated, the golden age of capitalism ended in the middle of the 1970’s. The neoliberal reconstruction policies depending on the financial collection were carried into effect instead of it. In this period, in which developmental state and its tools were rectified and the financial crises increased day by day, Turkey came face to face with deindustrialization fact like the Latin America countries, and its industrializations were obstructed in an early stage. In the conditions of the 21st Century, when the socio-economic problems of the nearby countries increasing day by day were considered (except China and South Korea), the developmental state and the policies it will apply are evaluated as the basic solution.

Keywords

Developmental State, Industrialization, İmport Substitution, Neoliberal Reconstruction, Premature Deindustrialization

References

• Adda, Jacques (2002), Ekonominin Küreselleşmesi, Çev:Sevgi İnce , İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
• Ahmad, Feroz (2002), Modern Türkiye’nin Oluşumu (3.Basım), İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları.
• Bagchi, A.Kumar (2000), “The Past and Future of the Developmental State”, Journal of World- Systems Research, 11 (2), s.398.
• Bağımsız Sosyal Bilimciler İktisat Grubu (BSB)(2007), 2007 İlkyazında Türkiye ve Dünya Ekonomisine Bakış, http://www.bagimsizsosyalbilimciler.org
• Cardoso, Fernendo Henrique ve Enzo Faletto (1979), Dependency and Development in Latin America, Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Castells, Manuel (2005), Ağ Toplumunum Yükselişi, Çev:Ebru Kılıç, İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
• Chang, Ha-Joon (1999), “The Economic Theory of the Developmental State”, In Woo-Cummings, M. (Ed.), The Developmental State, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
• Chang, Ha-Joon ve Peter Evans (2009), “Ekonomik Değişimde Kurumların Rolü”, Neoliberal Küreselleşme ve Kalkınma Seçme Yazılar, Fikret Şenses (Der.), İstanbul:İletişim Yayınları, s.617–678.
• Eşiyok, B. Ali (2007), “İhracata Dayalı Büyüme Altında İmalat Sanayiinde Gelişmeler”, İktisat Dergisi, Sayı:491, s.59-70.
• Eşiyok, B. Ali (2008a), “Türkiye Ekonomisinde Planlı Kalkınma Arayışları ve Dördüncü Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı: Bir Yol Ayrımı”, Mülkiye, Cilt: XXXII, Sayı:260, s.111-143.
• Eşiyok, B. A. (2008b), “Türkiye Ekonomisinde Üretimin ve İhracatın İthalata Bağımlılığı, Dış Ticaretin Yapısı: Girdi-Çıktı Modeline Dayalı Bir Analiz”, Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Dış Ticaret Politikaları, 3(1-2), s. 117–160.
• Eşiyok, B. Ali (2010), “Dünya Ekonomisinin Alacakaranlığında Güney Kore’nin Kalkınma Deneyimini Yeniden Düşünmek”, Mülkiye Dergisi, Cilt:34, Sayı:268, s.329-352.
• Eşiyok, B. A. (2016), “İhracatın Teknolojik Yapısı”, http://www.herkesebilimteknoloji.com/yazarlar/bayram-ali-esiyok/ihracatin-teknolojik-yapisi-surdurulebilir-mi.
• Evans, Peter (1989), “Predatory, Developmental and Other Apparatuses: A Comparative Political Economy Perspective on The Third World State”, Sociological Forum, 4(4), s.561- 87.
• Fritz, Verena ve Alina Rocha Menocal (2007), “Developmental States in the new Millennium:Concepts and Challengs for a New Aid Agenda”, Development Policy Rewiew, 25(5), s.531-552.
• Gerschenkron, Alexander (1962), Economic Backwardness in Historical Pespevtive, Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
• İnan, Afet (1972), Devletçilik İlkesi ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin Birinci Sanayi Planı, Ankara: TTK Yayını.
• İnönü, İsmet (1933), “Fırkamızın Devletçilik Vasfı”, Kadro, 2(22), s.4-6.,
• Johnson, Chalmers (1982), MITI and The Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925–1975, California: Standford University Press.
• Johnson, Chalmers (1987), “Political institutions and Economic Performance:The Government-Business Relationship in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan”, Frederick Deyo (Der.), The Political Economy of New Asian Industrialism, NY:Cornell University Press, 136-164.
• Johnson, Chalmers (1995), Japan:Who Governs? The Rise of the Developmental State, New York: W.W Norton.
• Johnson, Chalmers (1999),The Developmental State: Odyssey of a Concept in M. Woo-Cumings (ed.), The Developmental State, Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
• List, Friedrich (1956), National System of Political Economy, Philadelphia: J.B Lippincot.
• Ölçen, A. Nejat (1982), “1923-1938 Döneminde Birinci ve İkinci Sanayi Planları”, Atatürk Dönemi Ekonomi Politikası ve Türkiye’nin Ekonomik Gelişmesi, AÜSBF Yayını, s.133-149.
• TÜİK (2001), İstatistik Göstergeler 1923-1998, Ankara: TÜİK Yayınları.
• Türel, Oktar (2007), “Keynesgil İktisadın Türkiye’ye Yansımaları”, Mülkiye, Sayı:254, s.84-92.
• Türkcan, Ergun (2010), Türkiye’de Planlamanın Yükselişi ve Çöküşü 1960-1980, İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
• Vartiainen, Juhana (1999), The Economics of Successful State Intervention in Industrial Transformation, In Woo-Cummings M. (Ed.), The Developmental State, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
• Weiss Linde ve John M.Hobson (1999), Devletler ve Ekonomik Kalkınma, Ankara: Dost Kitabevi.
• Yeldan, Erinç (2002), “Neoliberal Küreselleşme İdeolojisinin Kalkınma Söylemi Üzerine Değerlendirmeler”, Praksis, 7, s.19-34.
• www.tuik.gov.tr
• www.eurostat.org
• www.oecd.org
• www.worldbak.org
• www.kalkinma.gov.tr