Throughout the following 40 years after the year 1923 when the republic was proclaimed,
Turkey’s political and economic relations with Middle Eastern countries were
shaped in the profile of a country that was entirely within the Western bloc. That was
because Turkey had adopted a foreign policy that we can summarize as being neither an
alternative nor a dissident to the emerging Western axis, but becoming a part of it.
As the relations between Turkey acting in accordance with this policy and the Western
world grew stronger, the ties between Turkey and the Middle Eastern countries gradually
weakened. The fact that the positive steps taken in the name of convergence with
the countries in the region were again aimed at the purpose of Westernization had made
the existing picture for these countries worse.
The changing world dynamics after the World War II completely severed the ties
between Turkey and the Arab countries, which are its close neighbors, and other Muslim
societies as Turkey had made an effort from 1945 onward, this time more firmly, to
converge towards the West and primarily the United States. Because during this period,
Turkey had faced the Soviet threat and needed the West’s support with security concerns.
On the other hand, there was an emerging Anti-Westernism in the Middle East countries
with the strengthening nationalist movements. Moreover, they had no perception of a
threat from the Soviets.
The gap between Turkey and the Middle Eastern countries deepened gradually until
the mid-1960s. From 1960 onwards, consecutive developments resulting in the closing
of this gap and advancement in political, then economic relations with the countries in
the region emerged. Turkey’s big disappointment resulting from the Johnson letter, which
prevented a planned military intervention to Cyprus in 1964 and the negative result from
the voting on Cyprus at the UN enabled it to abandon the Western guided foreign policy
and implement a versatile foreign policy with alternatives. The most important application
area of this fundamental change was inevitably the Middle Eastern countries.
In this article, the change in our Middle East policy that started in 1964 and became
increasingly evident with the 1973 Oil Crisis and the 1974 Cyprus Peace Operation will
be discussed and the reflections of this policy change on our economic relations will be
emphasized.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Researches and Studies |
Authors | |
Publication Date | December 25, 2018 |
Acceptance Date | December 25, 2018 |
Published in Issue | Year 2018 |