Yurtta Kalan Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Anksiyete, Sosyal Destek ve Yaşam Doyum Düzeyleri İle Baş Etme Stillerinin İncelenmesi*

Year 2020, , 431 - 458, 25.06.2020

Zahide Tepeli Temiz Vahide Ulusoy Gökçek

https://doi.org/10.16947/fsmia.758108

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Kişinin ailesi, arkadaşları veya önem verdiği insanlardan aldığı destek, strese karşı
önemli bir koruyucu mekanizmadır. Koruyucu faktörleri tanımlamaya yönelik çalışmalar,
sosyal destek ve baş etme stratejilerinin kaygıyı azaltmaya yardımcı süreçler olduğuna
dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, yurtta yaşayan üniversite öğrencilerinin
algıladıkları sosyal desteğin ve baş etme stratejilerinin diğer öğrencilerden farklılaşıp
farklılaşmadığını incelemektir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşamdan
aldıkları doyumu ve anksiyete düzeylerini yordayan değişkenlerin incelenmesi
amaçlanmaktadır. Örneklem grubu 206 (kadın=89, erkek=116) üniversite öğrencisinden
oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılara Stresle Başa Çıkma Ölçeği, Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği,
Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği ve Beck Anksiyete Envanteri uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları
yurtta kalan öğrencilerin sosyal destek düzeylerinin diğerlerinden farklılaşmadığını
göstermektedir. Baş etme stillerindeki farklılığa bakıldığında ise ailesiyle yaşayan katılımcıların
yurtta yaşayan üniversite öğrencilerinden daha fazla kendine güvenli baş etme
stili kullandıkları görülmektedir. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizi sonuçları, cinsiyet, çaresiz
ve kendine güvenli baş etme stratejileri, algılanan sosyal destek ve anksiyete puanlarının
yaşam doyumu üzerinde anlamlı bir katkı sağladığını göstermektedir. Genç yetişkinlerin
anksiyete puanlarını ise baş etme stratejileri ve yaşamdan aldıkları doyum etkiliyor görünmektedir.
Baş etme stratejilerini geliştirmeye yönelik yapılacak destekleyici çalışmaların
öznel iyi oluşu artırabileceği ve kaygıyı azaltabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Anksiyete, baş etme, sosyal destek, yaşam doyumu, yurt yaşamı

A Study on the Anxiety, Social Support, Life Satisfaction Levels, and Coping Strategies Among University Students in Dormitories

Abstract

The support of the family, friends and the people one cares about are most important
protective coping factors with stress. Studies on protective factors highlight that social
support and coping are processes helping to reduce anxiety. The main objective of the
current study is to investigate whether the perceived social support and coping strategies
of students who are living in dormitories differ from other students. Another aim of the
study was to examine the predictors of the satisfaction and anxiety levels of the groups.
The sample comprised 206 university students (N=89 women, 116 men. Ways of coping
Inventory, MSPSS, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory are used
in gathering the data. The findings of the study show that dormitory life provides social
support to students. When the differences in coping styles are examined, it is seen that
the participants living with their families use self-confident coping style more than the
students living in dormitories do. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis indicate
that gender, helpless and self-confident coping strategies, perceived social support
and anxiety scores made significant contributions to variance in life satisfaction scores.
Anxiety scores of young adults seem to be influenced by coping strategies and satisfaction
with life. It is thought that supportive studies to develop coping strategies may increase
subjective well-being and decrease anxiety level.

Keywords

Anxiety, coping, dormitory life, life satisfaction, social support

References

• Adams, Gary. A. - King, Lynda A. - King, Daniel. W., “Relationships of Job and Family Involvement, Family Social Support, and Work–Family Conflict with Job and Life Satisfaction”, Journal of Applied Psychology, cilt 81, sayı 4, 1996, (http://doi.org/: 10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.411). Anderson, Stephen. A. - Sabatelli, Ronald. M., “Differentiating Differentiation and Individuation: Conceptual and Operation Challenges”, American Journal of Family Therapy, cilt 18, sayı 1, 1990, (http://doi.org/: 10.1080/01926189008250790). Aquino, Juan. A., - Russell, Daniel. W. - Cutrona, Carolyn E. - Altmaier, Elizabeth. M., “Employment Status, Social Support, and Life Satisfaction Among The Elderly”, Journal of Counseling Psychology, cilt 43, sayı 4. Banks, Donice M. - Weems, Carl F., “Family and Peer Social Support and Their Links to Psychological Distress Among Hurricane-Exposed Minority Youth”, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, cilt 84, sayı 4, (http://doi.org/:10.1037/ ort0000006). Beck, Aaron. T. - Epstein, Norman - Brown, Gary - Steer, Robert A., “An Inventory for Measuring Clinical Anxiety: Psychometric properties”, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, cilt 56, sayı 6, 1988, (http://doi. org/: 10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893). Ben-Zur, Hasida, “Coping Styles and Affect”, International Journal of Stress Management, cilt 16, sayı 2, 2009, (http://doi.org/: 10.1037/a0015731). Campos, Belinda - Schetter, Cristine Dunkel - Abdou, Cleopatra M. - Hobel, Calvin J. - Glynn, Laura M. - Sandman, Curt A., “Familialism, Social Support, and Stress: Positive Implications for Pregnant Latinas”, Cultural Diversity And Ethnic Minority Psychology, cilt 14, sayı 2, 2008, (http://doi.org/: 10.1037/1099- 9809.14.2.155). Chen, Wanfen - Zhang, Dajun - Pan, Yangu - Hu, Tianqiang - Liu, Guangzeng - Luo, Shilan, “Perceived Social Support and Self-Esteem as Mediators of The Relationship Between Parental Attachment and Life Satisfaction Among Chinese Adolescents”, Personality and Individual Differences, cilt 108, 2017, (https://doi. org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.009). Clark, Heddy Kovach - Murdock, Nancy L. - Koetting, Kristin, “Predicting Burnout and Career Choice Satisfaction In Counseling Psychology Graduate Students”, The Counseling Psychologist, cilt 37, 2009, (https://doi. org/10.1177/0011000008319985). Cohen, Sheldon - Sherrod, Drury R. - Clark, Margaret S., “Social Skills and The Stress-Protective Role of Social Support”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, cilt 50, sayı 5, 1986, (https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.5.963). Cohen, Sheldon - Wills, Thomas A., “Stress, Social Support, and The Buffering Hypothesis”, Psychological Bulletin, cilt 98, 1985, (https://doi. org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310). Crockett, Lisa J. - Iturbide, Maria I. - Thores Stone, Rosalie - McGinley, Meredith - Raffaelli, Marcela - Carlo, Gustavo, “Acculturative Stress, Social Support, and Coping: Relations to Psychological Adjustment Among Mexican American College Students”, Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, cilt 13, sayı 4, 2007, (https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.13.4.347). Daig, Isolde - Herschbach, Peter - Lehmann, Anja - Knoll, Nina - Decker, Oliver, “Gender and Age Differences in Domain-Specific Life Satisfaction and The Impact of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms: A General Population Survey From German”, Quality of Life Research, cilt 18, sayı 6, 2009, (http://doi.org/: 10.1007/sl 1136-009-9481-3). Diener, Ed - Fujita, Frank, “Resources, personal strivings, and subjective well-being: A nomothetic and idiographic approach”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, cilt 68, sayı 5, 1995, (https://doi.org/10.1037/0022- 3514.68.5.926). Diener, Ed - Diener, Marissa, “Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction and self-esteem”, E. Diener içinde, Culture and Well-Being, The Collected Works of Ed Diener, New York, Springer, 2009. Eker, Doğan - Arkar, Haluk, “Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği’nin Faktör Yapısı, Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği”, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, cilt 10, sayı 34, 1995. Friedlander, Laura J. - Reid, Graham J. - Shupak, Naomi - Cribbie, Robert, “Social Support, Self-Esteem, and Stress as Predictors of Adjustment to University Among First-Year Undergraduates”, Journal of College Student Development, cilt 48, sayı 3, 2007, (http://doi.org/: 10.1353/csd.2007.0024). Haley, William E. – Levine, Ellen G. - Brown, S. Lane - Bartolucci, Alfred A., “Stress, Appraisal, Coping, And Social Support as Predictors of Adaptation Outcome Among Dementia Caregivers”, Psychology and Aging, cilt 2, sayı 4, 1987, (https://doi.org/10.1080/036107301750074051). Hamarat, Errol - Thompson, Dennis - Zabrucky, Karen M. - Steele, Don - Matheny, Kenneth B. – Aysan, Ferda, “Perceived Stress and Coping Resource Availability as Predictors of Life Satisfaction In Young”, Middle-Aged, And Older Adults, Experimental Aging Research, cilt 27, 2001. Headey, Bruce - Kelley, Jonathan – Wearing, Alex, “Dimensions of Mental Health: Life Satisfaction, Positive Affect, Anxiety and Depression”, Social Indicators Research, cilt 29, 1993. Gayathri, Nagarajan - Karthikeyan, Parthasarathy, “The Role of Self-Efficacy and Social Support In Improving Life Satisfaction”, Zeitschrift für Psychologie, cilt 224, sayı 1, 2016, (http://doi.org/:10.1027/2151-2604/a000235) Kağıtçıbaşı, Çiğdem, “Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context implications for self and family”, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, cilt 36, sayı 4, 2005, (http://doi.org/:10.1177/0022022105275959). Kapıkıran, Şahin, “Loneliness and Life Satisfaction in Turkish Early Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Social Support”, Social Indicators Research, cilt 111, sayı 2, 2013, (http://doi.org/: 10.1007/s11205-012-0024-x). Kjerulff, Kristen – Wiggins, Nancy H., “Graduate Student Styles for Coping with Stressful Situations”, Journal of Educational Psychology, cilt 68, sayı 3, 1976. Köker, Süreyya, “Normal ve Sorunlu Ergenlerin Yaşam Doyumu Düzeyinin Karşılaştırılması”, (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), 1991. Folkman, Susan - Richard S. Lazarus, Stress, Appraisal, And Coping, New York, Springer Publishing Company, 1984. MacCann, Carolyn - Lipnevich, Anastasiya A. - Burrus, Jeremy - Roberts, Richard D., “The Best Years of Our Lives? Coping with Stress Predicts School Grades, Life Satisfaction, and Feelings About High School”, Learning and Individual Differences, cilt 22, sayı 2, 2012, (http//doi.org/:10.1016/j.lindif.2011.08.004). Mahmoud, Jihan - Staten, Ruth - Hall, Lynne A. - Lennie, Terry A., “The Relationship among young adult college students’ depression, anxiety, stress, demographics, life satisfaction, and coping styles”, Issues in Mental Health Nursing, cilt 33, sayı 3, Şubat 2012, (http://doi.org:10.3109/01612840.2011.632708). Miller, Patricia H., Gelişim Psikolojisi Kuramları, çev. Zeynep Gültekin, İstanbul, İmge Kitabevi, 2008. Odacı, Hatice - Çıkrıkçı, Özkan, “University Students’ Ways of Coping with Stress, Life Satisfaction and Subjective Well-Being”, TOJCE: The Online Journal of Counselling and Education, cilt 1, sayı 3, 2012. Oswalt, Sara B. - Riddock, Christina C., “What Do About Being Overwhelmed: Graduate Students, Stress and University Services”, The College Student- Affairs Journal, cilt 27, sayı 1, 2007. Proctor, Carmel - Linley, P. Alex, Cross-Cultural Advancements in Positive Psychology, Springer, 2014. Raffety, Brian D. - Smith, Ronald E. - Ptaceki J. T., “Facilitating and Debilitating Trait Anxiety, Situational Anxiety, and Coping with an Anticipated Stressor: A Process Analysis”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, cilt 72, sayı 4, 1997, (https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.4.892). Rankin, James A. - Paisley, Courtney A. - Mulla, Mazheruddin M. - Tomeny, Theodore S., “Unmet Social Support Needs Among College Students: Relations Between Social Support Discrepancy and Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms”, Journal of Counseling Psychology, cilt 65, sayı 4, 2018, (http://doi.org: 10.1037/ cou0000269). Romero, Daniel H. - Riggs, Shelley A. - Ruggero, Camilo, “Coping, Family Social Support, and Psychological Symptoms Among Student Veterans”, Journal of Counseling Psychology, cilt 62, sayı 2, 2015, (http://doi.org/: 10.1037/ cou0000061). Rook, Karen S., “Social Support Versus Companionship: Effects on Life Stress, Loneliness, And Evaluations by Others”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, cilt 52, sayı 6, 1987, (https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1132). Saygın, Yeliz, “Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Destek, Benlik Saygısı ve Öznel İyi Oluş Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi” (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2008. Smith, Martin M. - Saklofske, Donald H. - Yan, Gonggu - Sherry, Simon B., “Does Perfectionism Predict Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Life Satisfaction After Controlling for Neuroticism?”, Journal of Individual, cilt 38, sayı 2, 2017, (http://doi.org/:10.1027/1614-0001/a000223). Song, Juyeon - Bong, Mimi - Lee, Kyehyoung - Kim, Sung-il, “Longitudinal Investigation into The Role of Perceived Social Support in Adolescents’ Academic Motivation and Achievement”, Journal of Educational Psychology, cilt 107, sayı 3, 2015, (http://doi.org/:10.1037/edu0000016). Szabo, Agnes - Ward, Colleen - Jose, Paul E., “Uprooting Stress, Coping, and Anxiety: A Longitudinal Study of International Students”, International Journal of Stress Management, cilt 23, sayı 2, 2016, (http://doi.org/:10.1037/a0039771). Şahin, Gülin Nur, “Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Kendini Açma, Öznel İyi Oluş ve Algıladıkları Sosyal Destek Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması”, (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir, 2011. Şahin, Nesrin Hisli - Durak, Ayşegül, “Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği: Üniversite Öğrencileri İçin Uyarlanması”, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, cilt 10, sayı 34, 1995. Taylor, Shelley E., “Social support: A review”, H. S. Friedman içinde, The Oxford Handbook of Health Psychology, Newyork, Oxford University Press, 2011. Tognoli, J., “Leaving Home”, Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, cilt 18, sayı 1, 2003, (http://doi.org/:10.1300/J035v18n01_04). Tompkins, Kelley A. - Brecht, Kierra - Tucker, Brock - Neander, Lucia L. - Swift, Joshua K., “Who Matters Most? The Contribution of Faculty, Student-Peers, and Outside Support in Predicting Graduate Student Satisfaction”, Training and Education in Professional Psychology, cilt 10, sayı 2, 2016, (http://doi.org/: 10.1037/tep0000115). Ulusoy, Mustafa - Sahin, Nesrin Hisli - Erkmen, Hüsnü, “Turkish Version of The Beck Anxiety Inventory”, Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, cilt 12, 1988. Uslu, Mustafa - Girgin, Çağla, “The Effects of Residential Conditions on The Problem Solving Skills Of University Students”, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, cilt 2, sayı 2, 2010, (http://doi.org/:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.459). Utsey, Shown O. - Ponterotto, Joseph G. - Reynolds, Amy L. - Cancelli, Anthony A., “Racial Discrimination, Coping, Life Satisfaction, and Self-Esteem Among African Americans”, Journal of Counseling and Development, cilt 78, sayı 1, 2000, (https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb02562.x). Utz, Sonja - Breuer, Johannes, “The Relationship Between Use of Social Network Sites, Online Social Support, and Well-Being”, Journal of Media Psychology, cilt 29, sayı 3, 2017, (hhtp://doi.org/: 10.1027/1864-1105/a000222). Ülev, Esra, “Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Bilinçli Farkındalık Düzeyi İle Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzının Depresyon, Kaygı ve Stres Belirtileriyle İlişkisi”, (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara, 2014. Weigold, Ingrid K. - Robitscheck, Christine, “Agentic Personality Characteristics and Coping: Their Relation to Trait Anxiety in College Students”, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, cilt 81, sayı 2, 2011, (http://doi.org/:10.1111/ j.1939-0025.2011.01094.x). Ye, Shengquan - Yu, Lu - Li, in Kit, “A Cross-Lagged Model of Self-Esteem And Life Satisfaction: Gender Differences Among Chinese University Students”, Personality and Individual Differences, cilt 52, sayı 4, 2012, (https://doi. org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.018). Zimet, Gregory D. - Dahlem, Nancy W. - Zimet, Sara G. - Farley, Gordon K., “The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support”, Journal of Personality Assessment, cilt 52, sayı 1, 1988, (http://doi.org/:10.1207/s15327).